COLOMBIA.

The Republic of Colombia, established in 1819, was divided in November, 1831, into three independent republics, New Grenada, Venezuela, and Ecuador. In 1862 its name was changed to the United States of Colombia, and in 1886 the States were abolished and the country became the Republic of Colombia. The treaties with New Grenada are given in chronological order with those of Colombia.

1824.

TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded October 3, 1824; ratification advised by the Senate March 3, 1825; ratified by the President March 7, 1825; ratifications exchanged May 27, 1825; proclaimed May 31, 1825. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 186.)

This treaty of thirty-one articles expired by its own limitation October 3, 1836.

(NEW GRANADA).

1846.

TREATY OF PEACE, AMITY, NAVIGATION, AND COMMERCE.

Concluded December 12, 1846; ratification advised by the Senate June 3, 1848; ratified by the President June 10, 1848; ratifications exchanged June 10, 1848; proclaimed June 12, 1848. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 195.)

The United States of North America and the Republic of New Granada in South America, desiring to make lasting and firm the friendship and good understanding which happily exist between both nations

have resolved to fix in a manner clear, distinct and positive, the rules which shall in future be religiously observed between each other by means of a treaty, or general convention of peace and friendship, commerce and navigation.

For this desirable object the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Benjamin A. Bidlack a citizen of the said States and their Chargé d'Affaires in Bogotá, and the President of the Republic of New Granada has conferred similar and equal powers upon Manuel Maria Mallarino Secretary of State and foreign relations, who, after having exchanged their said full powers in due form, have agreed to the following articles.

ARTICLE 1st.

There shall be a perfect, firm and inviolable peace and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of New Granada, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their citizens respectively, without distinction of persons or places.

ARTICLE 2d.

The United States of America and the Republic of New Granada, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.

ARTICLE 3rd

The two high contracting parties, being likewise desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the lib eral basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree that the citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside and trade there, in all kinds of produce, manufactures and merchandize; and that they shall enjoy, all the rights, privileges and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, which native citizens do or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected. But it is understood that this article does not include the coasting trade of either country, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties. respectively according to their own separate laws.

ARTICLE 4th

They likewise agre that whatever kind of produce, manufacture or merchandize of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States in their own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the Republic of New Granada; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other. And in like manner, that

whatever kind of produce, manufactures or merchandise of any foreign country, can be from time to time lawfully imported into the Republic of New Granada, in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher or other duties, upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or the other.

And they further agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported or re-exported from the one country, in its own vessels to any foreign country, may in like manner be exported or reexported in the vessels of the other country. And the same bounties, duties and drawbacks, shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or reexportation be made in vessels of the United States or of the Republic of New Granada.

ARTICLE 5th.

No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any articles the produce or manufacture of the Republic of New Granada, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of New Granada of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the produce or manufactures of any other foreign country; nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to the Republic of New Granada respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country, nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the United States or of the Republic of New Granada to or from the territories of the United States or to or from the territories of the Republic of New Grenada which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

ARTICLE 6th

In order to prevent the possibility of any misunderstanding, it is hereby declared that the stipulations contained in the three preceding articles are to their full extent aplicable to the vessels of the United States and their cargoes arriving in the ports of New Granada, and reciprocally to the vessels of the said Republic of New Granada and their cargoes arriving in the ports of the United States; whether they proceed from the ports of the country to which they respectively belong, or from the ports of any other foreign country; and in either case no discriminating duty shall be imposed or collected in the ports of either country on said vessels or their cargoes, whether the same shall be of native or foreign produce or manufacture.

ARTICLE 7th

It is likewise agreed, that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both countries to manage by themselves or agents their own business in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignments and sale of their goods and merchandize by whole sale

or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off their ships; they being, in all these cases, to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or at least to be placed on an equality with the subjects or citizens of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE 8th

The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandize or effects for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatever, without allowing to those interested an equitable and sufficient indemnification.

ARTICLE 9th

Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports or dominions of the other with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, or want of provisions or water, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage, without obstacle or hindrance of any kind or the payment of port fees or any charges other than pilotage, except such vessels continue in port longer than forty-eight hours counting from the time they cast anchor in port.

ARTICLE 10th.

All the ships, merchandize and effects belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving in due and proper form their rights, before the competent tribunals: it being well understood that the claim shall be made within the term of one year by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of their respective Governments.

ARTICLE 11th.

When any vessels belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked or foundered or shall suffer any damage on the coasts, or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection, in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens: permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandize and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost or contribution whatever, unless they may be destined for consumption or sale in the country of the port where they may have been disembarked.

ARTICLE 12th.

The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods or real estate within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their

representatives being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods or real estate, whether by testament or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country, wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases.

ARTICLE 13th.

Both contracting parties promise and engage formally to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country; for which purpose they may either appear in proper person or employ in the prosecution or defense of their rights such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents and factors as they may judge proper in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions or sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them, and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials.

ARTICLE 14th.

The citizens of the United States residing in the territories of the Republic of New Granada, shall enjoy the most perfect and entire security of conscience without being annoyed, prevented, or disturbed on account of their religious belief. Neither shall they be annoyed, molested or disturbed on the proper exercise of their religion in private houses or on the chapels or places of worship appointed for that purpose, provided that in so doing they observe the decorum due to divine worship, and the respect due to the laws, usages and customs of the country. Liberty shall also be granted to bury the citizens of the United States who may die in the territories of the Republic of New Granada in convenient and adequate places to be appointed and established by themselves for that purpose, with the knowledge of the local authorities, or in such other places of sepulture as may be chosen by the friends of the deceased; nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in anywise nor upon any account. In like manner the citizens of New Granada shall enjoy, within the Government and territories of the United States, a perfect and unrestrained liberty of conscience and of exercising their religion, publicly or privately, within their own dwelling houses, or on the chapels and places of worship appointed for that purpose, agreeably to the laws, usages & customs of the United States.

ARTICLE 15th.

It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the Republic of New Granada to sail their ships with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandize laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either