upon the invention with which his name is mostly associated by the general public -that of the calculating-machine. The Government of the day, with Sir Robert Peel and Goulburn at its head, at first patronized the invention, but ultimately took alarm at the prospect of the enor mous expense involved in its completion, and withdrew its support. The machine, upon which Mr. Babbage, out of his small fortune had already spent some thousands, was presented, together with drawings illustrative of its operation, to King's College, London. Mr. Babbage was, in 1828, nominated to the Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics at Cambridge, which chair he occupied for eleven years. His candidature for Finsbury, at the general election of 1832, was unsuccessful. He was a member of the Royal Society, and one of the founders of the Astronomical and Statistical Societies. His published works fill about eighty volumes. He died on October 18th, at his residence in Dorset-square.

MATTHEW BELL.

Matthew Bell, Esq., of Woolsington, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, died on the 26th of October, at his country-seat, in the 79th year of his age. He was born in 1793, educated at Eton and Christ Church, and succeeded his father in 1811. In 1816 he served the office of sheriff of Northumberland, and was appointed in 1826 lieutenant-colonel of the Northumberland and Newcastle regiment of yeomanry cavalry, which he commanded above forty years. In the same year he was brought forward as a candidate for the vacancy in the representation of Northumberland, which had occurred through the sudden death of his uncle, Mr. Brandling, and after a severe contest with the Honourable Henry Liddell (afterwards Lord Ravensworth), he was returned by a majority of thirteen. In the first Reformed Parliament, in 1832, he came in for South Northumberland, after another contest with his old opponent, Mr. Beaumont, and his own cousin, Mr. Ord. This was his last contest, for from 1832 until his voluntary retirement in 1852, "honest Matthew Bell" (as Conservatives and Liberals alike called him) was always returned unopposed.

SIR JOHN BURGOYNE.

Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, G.C.B., son of the Right Hon. John Burgoyne, was born in 1782. Educated at Eton and at Woolwich, he obtained at an early age a commission in the Royal

Engineers, and took part in Sir Ralph Abercrombie's expedition to the Mediterranean in 1800. His spirited conduct at the capture of Alexandria and the siege of Rosetta, in 1806, gained special mention in the official despatches at the time. He was present at the memorable retreat on Corunna, and assisted in laying Sir John Moore in the grave. He took an active

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part in the subsequent Peninsular war, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, and having attained the rank of colonel, was first or second in command at most of the sieges which took place during its course. fore its conclusion, however, he was appointed commanding engineer of the expedition to New Orleans, under Sir Edward Pakenham; and here, also, his services were highly appreciated. He was not present at the battle of Waterloo, but joined the Army of Occupation at Paris afterwards.

During the forty years' peace which followed, Sir J. Burgoyne led no inactive life. For thirteen or fourteen years, he was Chairman of the Board of Public Works in Ireland; in 1845 he was appointed Inspector-General of Fortifications, and whilst holding that office, wrote an official letter to the Duke of Wellington, on the state of national defence which attracted great attention at the time. He was an active member of the Irish Famine Commission of 1847.

Just before the Crimean War broke out, Sir John was sent to Constantinople to report on the measures necessary for the defence of the Ottoman Empire; and as soon as the war was determined on, he was appointed lieutenant-general, and commissioned to supervise the landing of the troops in the Crimea. He was present at the battles of the Alma, Balaklava, and Inkerman, and conducted the siege operations before Sebastopol till March, 1855, when he was recalled to England, in consequence of the popular discontent at the slow progress of the war, though, on more than one occasion, Lord Raglan had borne high testimony to the value of his services. After the fall of Sebastopol honours fell thick upon him. He was advanced to the rank of full General, created a Baronet, appointed Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers, and subsequently received the baton of Field Marshal. He received the honorary degree of D.C.L. at Oxford, and the French Emperor and the Sultan of Turkey each bestowed on him their highest military decorations. On the death of Lord Combermere, in 1865, Sir John Burgoyne was appointed constable of the Tower of London, and Lord-Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the Tower

Hamlets. Almost the last occasion on which he appeared in public was at a meeting inaugurating the National Red Cross Society for Aiding the Sick and Wounded in War, of which he was an active member. In September, 1870, he had the misfortune to lose his only son, Captain Hugh Burgoyne, R.N., in the illfated "Captain," and he never fully recovered from the shock. He died at his house in Pembridge Square, on October 7th. He married, in 1821, Miss Charlotte Rose, daughter of a Fairnshire gentleman; she survived him only a few weeks, dying on the 5th of December.

JAMES DARK.

Mr. James Henry Dark, who was born of a Devonshire family in 1795, began life in a humble capacity in Lord's Cricket Ground. As a cricketer he never rose to a first-class place in any one department of the game. From his great practical knowledge of cricket he was often chosen as arbiter on disputed points, and his decision was rarely at fault. By degrees he advanced so prosperously, that in 1836 he purchased the unexpired lease of Lord's Ground, then held by Mr. Ward, and two years after he erected a spacious tennis court, with billiard and bath rooms attached. Since the transfer of his interest in Lord's Ground to the M.C.C. his functions ceased. Mr. Dark died on the 17th of October.

LORD DUNRAVEN.

Edwin Richard Windham WyndhamQuin, Earl of Dunraven and Mountearl, in Ireland, and Baron Kenry of the United Kingdom, was born May 19, 1812. He was the eldest son of Windham Henry, second Earl of Dunraven and Mountearl, by Caroline, his wife, daughter and sole heiress of Thomas Wyndham, Esq., of Dunraven Castle, Glamorganshire, and was the representative of the O'Quins of Munster, one of the few families of Celtic origin in the Irish Peerage: His extensive property in Wales came to him from his mother, the great heiress of the Wyndhams of Dunraven. From 1837 to 1850 he sat in Parliament as Lord Adare, for the county of Glamorgan, and in the latter year succeeded his father in his peerage honours. Lord Dunraven was essentially an Irishman, deeply versed in the literature and archæology of his country; a lover and patron of every thing Irish, a resident landlord, and an amiable and accomplished gentleman. His beautiful manor-house of Adare, and the old monastic ruins which surround it, and

which he restored to religious and educational purposes, are the chief ornaments of the county of Limerick, of which he was Lord-Lieutenant. His Celtic and mediæval learning, and his antiquarian studies, were widely known and appreciated; and to him Montalembert dedicated one of the volumes of "The Monks of the West" in a Latin inscription, gracefully referring to the ancestry, the personal worth, and the varied attainments of the Earl. Lord Dunraven was the author of "Memorials of Adare ;" and at the period of his death was directing his investigations to the subject of Irish Crosses. died on the 6th of October, and was succeeded by his only son, Viscount Adare.

He

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SIR HENRY HARINGTON. Sir Henry Byng Harington, K.C.S.I., was born in 1808, the eldest son of Henry Hawes Harington, Esq., of Madras. 1824 he entered the Bengal military service of the Hon. East India Company, and was present at the siege and capture of Bhurtpore, 1825. In 1828 he was transferred to the civil service and, having filled several minor offices, was constituted an additional member of the Council, and became subsequently a member of the Supreme Council. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces of India in 1863, which post he resigned in 1865, and the following year he was made a Knight Commander of the Star of India. Sir Henry died on the 7th of October.

SIR FRANCIS MOON.

Sir Francis Graham Moon, Bart., J.P. for Westminster, Middlesex, and London, a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, died on the 13th. He was born in 1796, the youngest son of Mr. Christopher Moon. A man of remarkable taste and judgment, possessed also of great energy, perseverance and industry, he made for himself, as a print publisher, not only a fortune, but a position in the world. He became the successor of the well-known art-patron, Old Boydell. He was connected with the firm of "Moon, Boys, and Graves," carrying on at the same time his own business in the city, where he reproduced some of the finest works of Sir D. Wilkie, Sir C. Eastlake, Sir E. Landseer, D. Roberts, S. Prout, C. R. Leslie, and others, and became associated with some of the most eminent men in art and literature of the day. In 1843 he was elected Sheriff' of London and Middlesex; in 1844, Alderman of Portsoken Ward; and in 1854,

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Lord Mayor. During the tenure of the civic chair he had the honour of receiving at Guildhall, in April, 1855, the Emperor and Empress of the French, and in recognition had a baronetcy conferred upon him.

SIR RODERICK MURCHISON.

Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Bart., K.C.B., the eldest son of a gentleman of ancient Highland family, was born at Tarradale in Ross-shire, February 19, 1792. Being destined for the army, he was sent, after an early education at Durham, to the Royal Military College at Great Marlow, and thence, after a few months' study at the Edinburgh Univer sity, he obtained his commission in 1807, and joined the army in the Peninsula under Lord Wellington, carrying the colours of his regiment (the 36th Foot) at Vimiera, and earning the reputation of an able officer. After the peace of 1815, and his marriage with a daughter of General Francis Hugonin, Captain Murchison began to devote his attention to scientific subjects, particularly geology, placing himself under the tuition of Mr. Richard Phillips, F.R.S. After making geological expeditions in various parts of England and Scotland, he instituted, in 1830, a special examination of the border-land between Wales and Shropshire and Herefordshire. He there discerned evidence of a special system of rocks, to which he gave the name of Siluria, after the Silures, the ancient inhabitants of that part of Britain. His great work "Siluria," published some years later, is devoted to the examination of the Silurian deposits in all parts of Europe, throughout which his personal observations had been very extensive. In 1840 Mr. Murchison was employed in a geological survey of Russia, after which he published a volume on "The Geology of Russia and the Ural Mountains." On a comparison of some specimens of Australian rock with that of the Ural districts he was led to suspect the existence of gold in Australia, and called attention to the fact in papers read before various scientific societies from 1841 to 1813. In 1848 he addressed a letter to Earl Grey on the subject, but no attention was paid to it, and it was not till 1851 that the discoveries which had by that time been made in the Australian colonies were taken up by Government.

Sir Roderick, who was knighted in 1846, acted for some years as secretary to the Geological Society, of which he was twice elected President. He was one of the most active promoters of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,

founded in 1830, and he was President several years of the Geographical Society, occupying the chair until a short time before his death. He took the liveliest interest in geographical discoveries, and supported with special energy the efforts of his great friend and fellow-countryman Dr. Livingstone, in whose safety he held up to the time of his death a persistent belief, in spite of all rumours to the contrary. In 1853 Sir Roderick was appointed Director General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology. In 1863 he received the order of Knight Companion of the Bath, and in 1866 was created a Baronet. He was Fellow of the Royal and Linnæan Societies, President of the Hakluyt Society, and also a member of various foreign academies. Sir Roderick died on the 22nd of October, at his house in Belgrave Square, from an attack of bronchitis; his health had been failing for some time previously.

DR. SEEMANN.

Dr. Berthold Seemann, the celebrated traveller and botanist, was born at Hanover in 1825. After an education in that city he obtained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Gottingen, and was appointed in 1846 naturalist on board her Majesty's ship "Herald," in which capacity he made a voyage round the world and three cruises to the Arctic regions in search of Sir John Franklin. In 1860 he accompanied, as botanist, the expedition sent out by the Colonial Office to the Fiji Islands, and he likewise explored, in a private capacity, many parts of North and South America. As a scientific writer, Dr. Seemann was widely known by his "Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Herald,'" published in 1853; an “Account of a Government Mission to the Viti or Fiji Islands" in 1862, and several botanical works. He was also a frequent contributor to the leading scientific journals of London, and editor of the Bonplandia," and the "Journal of Botany, British and Foreign." He was Fellow of the Linnæan Society of London, and Vice President of the Imperial German Academy Naturæ Curiosorum. Dr. Seemann died on the 10th of October, at the Javali Mine, in Nicaragua.

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ICHABOD WRIGHT.

Ichabod Charles Wright, Esq., of Mapperley Hall, Notts, died at Burwash, Sussex, on the 14th. He was born April 11, 1795, and was a descendant of the

Wrights of Osmaston Manor, in the county of Derby, being the representative of a junior branch which was well known as a great banking house at Nottingham. Mr. Ichabod Wright received his education at Eton, and at Christ Church, Oxford, and was formerly Fellow of Magdalen. He married Theodosia, daughter of Lord Chief Justice Denman, by whom he left five sons and two daughters. Mr. Wright was a man of distinguished literary and classical attainments. His version of Dante's" Divina Commedia," is one of the standard translations in the English language.

November.

DR. ROCK.

The Very Rev. Daniel Rock, D.D., died on the 28th of November. He was born at Liverpool in 1799, and was educated at Old Hall in Hertfordshire, and subsequently at the English College at Rome. After serving for some years as domestic chaplain to Lord Shrewsbury at Alton Towers, he was appointed priest in charge of the Roman Catholic congregation at Buckland, near Faringdon, Berks, on the property of the Throckmortons. In 1852, soon after the establishment of the Roman Catholic hierarchy, he was nominated Canon of the New Cathedral "Chapter" of Southwark. He was the author of several theological works, of which the best known is the "Hierurgia, or an Exposition of the Sacrifice of the Mass," in which he illustrated the various ceremonies which are used in the Church among the Latins, Greeks, and Oriental Christians, not only by written evidences, but also from paintings, sculptures, and inscriptions found in the Catacombs of Rome and in other places. In 1862, Dr. Rock, as a member of the Committee of the South Kensington Museum, took a very active part in carrying out the objects of the special loan exhibition of medieval works of art, and he contributed to the official catalogue an article illustrative of the ecclesiastical vestments, embroideries, &c., there exhibited.

MR. TINNEY.

Mr. William Henry Tinney, Q.C., died at Torquay, at the age of 88 years. Mr. Tinney took high honours at Oxford, and was in due course elected a fellow of his College (Oriel). He was called to the Bar in 1811, and was made a Queen's Counsel and Bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 1829, and ultimately a Master in Chan

LORD CHESTERFIELD.

Philip Cecil Arthur Stanhope, seventh Earl of Chesterfield and Baron Stanhope, born Sept. 28, 1831, succeeded to the peerage on the death of his father in 1866. He was educated at Eton, held a commission in the Royal Horse Guards for a few years, and represented the Southern Division of Notts from 1860 to 1866. He died unmarried on the 1st of December of typhoid fever, supposed to have been caught at the same place and time as that which nearly cost the life of the Prince of Wales.

LORD ELLENBOROUGH.

Edward Law, first Earl of Ellenborough, son of Lord Chief Justice Ellenborough, was born in 1790. After an education at Eton and Cambridge he entered Parlia ment in 1814, but was soon removed to the Upper House on succeeding his father as Baron Ellenborough in 1818. He first took office in 1828, as Lord Privy Seal in the Duke of Wellington's Administration. In 1834 he was appointed President of the Board of Control in Sir Robert Peel's Government, and when that statesman again became Premier in 1841 Lord Ellenborough returned to his former post. He shortly afterwards, however, accepted the office of GovernorGeneral of India, where he arrived early in 1842. Under his administration in that country was undertaken the expedition into Affghanistan under Generals Pollock and Nott, which resulted in the recapture of Ghuznee and Cabul, and the rescue of Lady Sale and the other British captives. The conquest of Scinde by Sir Charles Napier in 1843 was also undertaken by Lord Ellenborough's Government, but his policy did not meet with the approval of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, and in 1814 he was recalled by that body in the exercise of their legal powers. The Duke of Wellington, however, defended Lord Ellenborough's policy in Parliament, and on his return home he was created an earl, and decorated with the Grand Cross of the Bath. From January to July, 1846, he filled the post of First Lord of the Admiralty in Sir Robert Peel's Administra

tion, and in 1858 he undertook for two months, under Lord Derby's Administration, his former office of President of the Board of Control. After this time he did not again take office, but he continued to be a most powerful and eloquent speaker in the House of Lords. Lord Ellenborough was twice married, but left no children; his earldom consequently expired with him. He was succeeded in the barony by his nephew, Charles Edmund Law.

MR. GASPEY.

Mr. Thomas Gaspey died on the 8th at Shooter's Hill at the age of 83. For more than sixty years he was connected with English periodical literature. He was early in life employed as a parliamentary reporter for the Morning Post, and subsequently became sub-editor of the Courier and part proprietor and editor of the Sunday Times. Some years later he was engaged upon the Morning Chronicle, and edited the evening edition of that paper, in which "Sketches by Boz" first appeared. Mr. Gaspey also wrote several novels.

JUSTICE GEORGE.

Mr. Justice George was the son of a Dublin merchant, and was born in that city in 1804. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1826, and to the English in the following year. He sat in Parliament, in the Conservative interest, for the county of Wexford from 1852 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1866, when he was appointed Justice of the Queen's Bench in Ireland, and member of the Privy Council for Ireland. He died on the 15th inst.

MR. GREATHEAD.

The oldest Freemason in England, probably the oldest in the world, Mr. Matthew Greathead of Richmond, in Yorkshire, died on the last day of the year, in his 102nd year. He entered the Lennox Lodge, No. 123, of Freemasons, in the year 1797, and was a member seventyfive years. At the annual appointment of officers, on the 27th of this month, he was appointed inner guard.

GEORGE HUDSON.

Mr. George Hudson, once well known by his sobriquet of the "Railway King," died on the 14th of December, at the age of 70. Shortly after the first railways were opened in England, Mr. Hudson's name appeared among shareholders and directors, and when the York and North

Midland Bill was passed in 1837 he became chairman of that company. In the course of the next few years, he had made enormous sums by his speculations, till, in 1848, came the great railway crisis which shook his prosperity. From 1845 to 1859 he represented Sunderland, in the Conservative interest; he was a deputy-lieutenant for Durham, and three times Lord Mayor of York. During the latter years of his life he was in great pecuniary diffi'culties, and several of his friends in the North subscribed to purchase an annuity for him. His popularity was great at Sunderland and Whitby, to both which places he had been a generous benefactor.

LORD KENMARE.

Thomas Browne, third Earl of Kenmare, in Ireland, and Baron Kenmare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was born in 1789. He served with the 40th regiment, in the Peninsular war, from 1808 to 1813, earned clasps at most of the great battles fought during its course, and was one of the gallant band who stormed the castle of Badajoz, under Sir Thomas Picton. He afterwards exchanged into the 16th Lancers, and was with the Army of Occupation in France, after the battle of Waterloo. Lord Kenmare died on the 26th of December, and was succeeded by his son Valentine, Viscount Castlerosse.

MR. MARRIOTT.

The Rev. Wharton Booth Marriott, B.D., who died on the 16th inst., at the age of 48, was known as a sound scholar and theologian. He held for some time a mastership at Eton College, and though obliged by ill-health to resign it a few years before his death, he continued to reside at Eton, and laboured zealously to benefit the poor of the neighbourhood. He held an appointment, as Public Lecturer and Select Preacher, in the diocese of Oxford. A treatise of Mr. Marriott's on the "Origin of Ecclesiastical Vestments," adducing the testimony of antiquity against the exaggerated views of the Ritualists, was especially distinguished for ability and research.

SIR EDWARD MORRIS.

Sir Edward Finucane Morris, K.C.B., colonel of the 49th regiment of Foot, who died on the 4th of December, was born in 1792; he entered the army in