January.

DOWAGER COUNTESS BROWNLOW.

THE death is announced, at Belton Lodge, her residence at Torquay, of the Dowager Countess Brownlow. The venerable countess died on Sunday, January 28. She was the eldest daughter of Richard, second Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe, by his wife, Lady Sophia Hobart, third daughter of John, second Earl of Buckinghamshire, and was born July 28, 1791. Her ladyship married, July 17, 1828, John, first Earl Brownlow, she being his third wife, by whom (who died in September, 1853) she leaves surviving issue Lady Caroline Mary, unmarried, and Lady Catherine, widow of Viscount Cranley. The late Lady Brownlow was one of the six ladies of the bed-chamber selected by Queen Adelaide when she became Queen, and continued a member of her Majesty's household until her death in December, 1849, when Lady Brownlow followed her illustrious mistress to the grave, having performed the part of chief mourner at Queen Adelaide's funeral. The late Countess Brownlow about two years ago wrote a pleasant, gossiping book of her "Reminiscences," extending over a period of nearly fifty years.

GENERAL CHESNEY.

Francis Rawdon Chesney, General in the Army, and Colonel-Commandant 14th Brigade Royal Artillery, D.C.L., F.R.S.,

the pioneer of the Overland Route to India, died at his residence, Packolet, in the county of Down, on the 30th inst. He was born at Ballyrea, in Ireland, 1789 (deriving his Christian names from his sponsor, Francis Rawdon, the celebrated Earl of Moira), and obtained his first commission, Royal Artillery, 1805; but he had to reach his fortieth year before an opportunity occurred of obtaining distinction. In 1829 he sailed for Constantinople, with a view to assist in the defence of Turkey; but by the time he reached his destination the preliminaries of peace had been signed. At this time Captain Chesney undertook the solution of the problem of regular steam commu. nication with India, and in 1835-6 he accomplished his famous Euphrates expe dition. Chesney returned to England in 1837, and subsequently, from 1843 to 1847, commanded, as Brigadier-General, the Artillery in China, and from 1848 to 1852 the Artillery in the south of Ireland. In 1850 he published his "Survey of the Tigris and Euphrates," and in 1852 his "Observations on the Past and Present State of Fire-arms." He attained the rank of full General in 1868.

SIR F. CROSSLEY.

Sir Francis Crossley, Bart., M.P., died at his residence, Belle Vue, Halifax on January 5, aged 54. The deceased, who was created a baronet in 1863, represented Halifax (where he had great local influence) in the House of Commons from July, 1852, till August, 1859, when he was elected for the West Riding of Yorkshire in conjunction with

Sir John Ramsden, defeating the Right Hon. James Stuart Wortley by nearly 2000 votes; and since July, 1865, had represented the Northern Division of that Riding. He was son of Mr. John Crossley, the extensive carpet manufacturer of Halifax, and married in October, 1845, Martha Eliza, daughter of Mr. Henry Brinton, of Kidderminster. He was a Liberal in politics, in favour of free trade and vote by ballot, and opposed to all endowments of religious bodies by the State. He is succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Saville Brinton, born in 1857.

MR. GILLOTT.

Mr. Joseph Gillott, the eminent steel pen manufacturer, died of pleurisy on the 5th, at his residence, Westbourne-road, Edgbaston. He was the first to use machinery for making steel pens. Originally a grinder at Sheffield, his first employment was that of steel toy or tool making. His attention, however, was soon directed to steel pens, which were then made by hand in very limited quantities, at a cost of about 3s. 6d. each. The present annual production at Mr. Gillott's factory is estimated at 150,000,000 per annum, and the number of work-people employed 450. Mr. Gillott was a liberal art patron and collector, and leaves behind him one of the finest private galleries in the country, valued at from 80,000l. to 100,000l., containing many works of Etty, Turner, David Cox, Linnell, David Roberts, Leslie, Ward, Wilkie, Muller, William Hunt, Maclise, Collins, and Frith. Mr. Gillott leaves eight children, who are all arrived at manhood, and a large fortune chiefly invested in land and real estate.

MAJOR-GENERAL HALLECK.

Death has removed another conspicuous actor in the late American Civil War. On the 10th the Atlantic cable announced the decease, at the comparatively early age of 55, of Major-General Halleck, who for one-third of the time during which that conflict raged, was General-inChief of all the armies of the United States, and who, by his calm judgment and strategical skill, contributed largely towards the final triumph of the North. He was born in 1816, at the village of Western, near Utica, in the State of New York; and after studying for a brief period at Union College, Schenectady, entered the Military Academy at West Point in 1835, graduated there with dis

tinction in 1839, and immediately afterwards received his commission as a second lieutenant of Engineers. His scientific attainments were so great that he was appointed an Assistant Professor of Engineering at West Point, but he resigned this position in 1840, and during the next five years was employed in engineering operations in New York harbour. In 1845 he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant; he served on the lower Californian coast during the Mexican war; was breveted a captain in 1847; and became a captain of engineers in 1853. In 1854, however, he retired from the army and settled at San Francisco, where he carried on business as a lawyer, commission agent, and manager of mines, until the outbreak of the civil war in 1861, when, on the recommendation of General Scott, he was nominated a majorgeneral of the United States' army. On the resignation of the aged General Scott, who had in the first instance been intrusted with the direction of the movements of the Federal armies, that arduous and responsible task devolved upon MajorGeneral Halleck, to whose combinations must be attributed that series of successes achieved with such rapidity by the North, from the taking of Fort Donelson till the evacuation of Corinth by General Beauregard and the capture of Memphis. In November, 1861, Major-General Halleck succeeded General Fremont in the command of the Military Department of the West. In this capacity he displayed the greatest firmness. He established the most severe discipline in his army, expelled from it the negroes and newspaper correspondents, and gave notice that all rebels and those who lent them aid would be arrested and their property confiscated, and that spies would be shot. He placed under the absolute control of the military authorities the navigation of the Missouri and the Mississippi, threatening all offenders with martial law; and, finally, he required all clergymen, members of Universities, railway directors, and other public functionaries to take the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States. On the 11th of March, 1862, Major-General Halleck was placed at the head of the Department of the Mississippi. After the battle of Pittsburg Landing, fought between the Confederates under General Beauregard and the Federals under General Grant, the victory being claimed by both sides, General Grant was superseded by MajorGeneral Halleck, who assumed the command of the army. Cautiously advancing to Corinth, he compelled the Confederates to evacuate that village, where he fixed

his head-quarters on the 30th of May. The States of Tennessee and Kentucky having been added to his command, he made himself master about the 15th of June of Chattanooga, in Tennessee, on the borders of Alabama and Georgia. Immediately on gaining this important position, which was the centre of a railway system and a mining district, he attempted to re-establish railway communication with the North-west in order to facilitate the transport of troops and munitions of war. A few weeks later he was made General-in-Chief of the armies of the United States, and retired to Washington, whence he issued his orders and directed the movements of the various armies that were in the field. The campaigns he devised and ordered were partially successful; but in some instances failure was caused partly by the jealousy of his subordinates, and partly by the political difficulties he encountered in carrying out his plans. In March, 1864, Lieutenant-General Grant became General-in-Chief, and took the field, MajorGeneral Halleck, who was now appointed Chief of Staff, remaining at the War Department in Washington. At the close of the war he was placed in command of the Military Division of the James, with head-quarters at Richmond, in 1865; was shortly afterwards assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Pacific, with head-quarters at San Francisco; and finally, in March, 1869, was transferred to the command of the Military Department of the South, with head-quarters at Louisville, Kentucky. Major-General Halleck is the author of several works, both original and translated. The most important is his "Elements of Military Art and Science," published in 1846, and republished in 1858 with the addition of "Critical Notes ou the Mexican and Crimean Wars."

GENERAL SIR ALEXANDER LINDSAY.

General Sir Alexander Lindsay, K.C.B., one of the oldest Generals of the Bengal Artillery, died, on the 20th ult., at his residence, Earlybank, Perthshire, in his 90th year. He was son of James Smyth Lindsay, Esq., and received his education at Woolwich. He entered the Bengal Army in 1804, and saw much service in India; he commanded the artillery of the right column of Sir David Ochterlony's army in 1816, and was severely wounded in the action on the heights of Hurryhurpore. He was again, in 825, appointed to command the artillery

in the division under Brigadier-General Morrison in the Burmese war, and took part in the capture of Arracan. He had the medal and clasps for Nepaul and Ava, was made C.B. in 1831, and K.C.B. 1862. He married, 1820, Flora Loudoun, daugh. ter of Captain Mackenzie, of Hartfield, Ross-shire, and became a widower in 1863.

CANON MOSELEY.

The Rev. Henry Moseley, Canon of Bristol Cathedral and Vicar of Olveston, Gloucestershire, died on the 20th. He was born about the year 1802, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took his Bachelor's degree in 1826, coming out a high wrangler. He was ordained in due course, and for some years held the Professorship of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London; and he was one of the first clergymen who were appointed her Majesty's inspectors of schools. In 1853, under Lord Aberdeen's Administration, he was nominated, in reward of his services in the cause of national education, to the canonry now vacant by his decease, and a year or two later was preferred by the Dean and Chapter of Bristol to the living of Olveston. In 1855 he was appointed one of the chaplains to the Queen. The late Canon, according to Crockford's Clerical Directory," was the author of many important works, includ ing a "Treatise on the Mechanical Principles of Engineering and Architecture," which he published shortly after obtain ing the "learned leisure" of his canonry, and which has since been reprinted in Germany and in the United States. He also wrote a "Treatise on Hydrostatics," &c., and contributed more than one article on applied mathematics to the Encyclopædia Metropolitana." Besides these larger and more important works, his active pen found opportunities for contributing a variety of scientific papers to the "Transactions" of the Royal Society, of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, &c., and also several Reports on various subjects connected with educa tion, which are published in the Minutes of the Committee of the Privy Council on Education. Canon Moseley's name, we may add, was well known in learned circles abroad as well as at home; he was for many years one of the Corresponding Members of the Institute of France. He was also an honorary member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, and of the Philosophical Institute of Cornwall, an honorary Fellow

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of King's College, London, a Vice-President of the Society of Naval Architects, a member of the Natural History Society of Brisbane, and formerly of the Council of Military Education.

THE DUKE DE PERSIGNY.

The Duke de Persigny died at Nice, on Friday, January 12, from an affection of the spinal marrow. M. de Persigny early embraced the cause which he served so long and so steadfastly. He was a Bonapartist when the very name appeared an anomaly, and he took an active part in schemes full of difficulty and danger, in the success of which it seemed as though none but an enthusiast could have believed. In time his devotion had its reward. The Second Empire was esta blished to a great extent by his aid, and then power, rank, and wealth came to him in full measure. He was made a count, and afterwards a duke; he was a Minister, a Senator, an Ambassador. It was impossible for services to be more distinctly recognized or more liberally rewarded. Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin was born at St. Germain-Lespinasse, in the Loire, on January 11, 1808. After studying at the College of Limoges, he entered the army when seventeen years of age, and served in a cavalry regiment. He was, however, accused of insubordination by his superiors, and had to leave the service. In 1831 he went to Paris, and wrote for the press, and shortly afterwards adopted the name of Persigny, and the title of viscount, which had belonged to his family for a couple of centuries, though it had fallen into disuse. He was converted to Bonapartism by reading the "Mémorial de St. Hélène;" and strong in his new convictions-he had formerly Royalist views-he published in 1834 a review called the " Occident Français," of which, owing to his want of means, only the first number appeared. It introduced him, however, to the ex-King Joseph and to Louis Napoleon, who then resided at Arenenberg. From that time he attached himself to the fortunes of the Bonaparte family, and laboured for them with extraordinary ardour. He was the principal instigator of the Strasburg plot, and made all the arrangements for carrying it out. He succeeded in escaping when it failed, and sought refuge in England, where, in 1837, he published an account of the circumstances. In the Boulogne plot, four years later, he was also concerned; but this time he did not succeed in escaping, but was tried

and sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment. Owing to illness he enjoyed considerable liberty while in confinement, and employed his leisure in writing a long essay on the "Utility of the Pyramids of Egypt," which he sent to the Institute. On the fall of Louis Philippe, M. de Persigny hastened to Paris, and again devoted himself to the Bonapartist cause. In 1849 he became a member of the Assembly, and in this position rendered good service to the Prince President, crowning the work by playing a prominent part in the coup d'état. The hard work was now over, and he began in earnest to reap the results of it. He was made Minister of the Interior in 1852, and signed the decrees confiscating the Orleans property. In 1854 he resigned office, and sat for a while in the Senate, to which he had been elevated two years previously. In 1855 he came to London as Ambassador, and remained until the commencement of 1858. He filled the same post a second time the next year, replacing Marshal Pelissier. In November, 1860, he returned to fill the post of Minister of the Interior, and resigned in June, 1863. Shortly afterwards he was created a Duke by the Emperor. From that period he ceased to play a prominent part in political affairs, but from time to time he spoke and wrote upon current topics. He was a declared enemy of the parliamentary system, and approved of the restrictions placed upon the French press. M. de Persigny married in 1852 the only daughter of the Prince of Moskowa, and received from the Emperor Napoleon on the occasion a wedding present of 20,000l.

THE REV. W. SCOTT.

The Rev. William Scott, vicar of St. Olave, Jewry, died on January 12. Mr. Scott was for upwards of twenty years, from 1839 to 1863, perpetual curate of Christ Church, Hoxton. He vacated this incumbency on being nominated by Lord Chancellor Campbell to the vicarage of St. Olave, Jewry. He was distinguished not only for zealous discharge of his clerical functions, but for numerous contributions to theological and general periodical literature. For many years he was editor of the Christian Remembrancer, but he was perhaps even better known in recent years for his connexion with the Saturday Review. Mr. Scott's literary style is familiar to a probably much wider circle of readers than his name. It was as an anonymous writer for the press that Mr. Scott displayed a scholarship and

brilliancy sufficiently rare in this generation. He occupied a foremost place in that select company, the vigour and felicity of whose writing established the success of the Saturday Review. Mr. Scott had all the antithetical pungency of Sydney Smith, whom he resembled not a little in the effect with which he handled the special argumentative method, the reductio ad absurdum, of the author of "Peter Plymley's Letters." He belonged to a race of divines which is rapidly becoming extinct, and reminds us of a generation that has well-nigh passed away in the richly assorted combination of his erudition-for erudition it was-wit and force. Seldom has satire been expended with happier effect than in the series of articles in which Mr. Scott, in the pages of the Saturday Review, exposed the contemptible and malicious inanity of the nascent anti-constitutional and anti-religious tendencies of the day. As a clergyman Mr. Scott has left a place which it will not be easy to fill; while in that special vein of contemporary literature in which he so pre-eminently excelled, it is not an easy matter to name his adequate

successor.

MAJOR GENERAL A. R. VON

STUTTERHEIM.

The sudden death is announced, at the age of 63, of Major General A. Richard von Stutterheim, a man of undoubted military talents and personal courage. The gallant baron, so well known in Dover as commander of the German Legion raised to assist in the Crimean war, entered the Prussian service as lieutenant in a regiment of Dragoons. A duel, which unfortunately ended fatally to his opponent, obliged him to retire from the Prussian service and come to England, where he entered the English Legion which was being raised under the command of General Sir George De Lacy Evans for Spain, where he served with great distinction. When the British Government during the Crimean war had decided to raise a Foreign Legion, Stutterheim's plans for organization were so highly approved of that he was sent for and appointed colonel in the British army on October 11, 1855. Scarcely had recruiting commenced at Heligoland than from all parts recruits flocked in. General Stutterheim had the satisfaction up to April 1, 1856, of raising ten regiments 800 strong each, besides two splendid cavalry regiments, part of which Legion was sent to the Crimea; the other part

was to follow, but unfortunately too late to take part in the action, peace being concluded. After the peace the Indian Government were anxious to take four regiments, which, however, Stutterheim declined. With the whole Legion as it stood he was willing to go to India. Had the Indian Government accepted the offer, most probably Stutterheim's name would have been highly recorded in the history of that Government, particularly at that critical moment of the Indian mutiny.

February.

GENERAL BEATSON.

on

This distinguished officer died Sunday, February 4, at the Vicarage, New Swindon, aged 67. General William Ferguson Beatson will be best remembered as having successfully organized the Bashi-Bazouks during the Crimean war. He entered the Bengal army in 1820. Being on furlough, he served with the British Legion in Spain in 183536, when he was wounded, for which services he received the Cross of San Fernando. He returned to India in 1837, and was thanked by the Indian Government for the capture of Jignee, in Bundelkund, in 1840, and Chirgong, in 1841. During the Scinde campaign, in 1814, he captured the forts and strongholds of Kachwahagar. In 1845 he served under Sir Charles Napier in the Boogtee hills. In July, 1848, he received the appro bation of the Government of India for taking the fort of Rymow from the Rohillas. In 1850 and 1851 he was on active service, and in 1854 performed the special service of organizing the BashiBazouks. Since then he has held an important command at Umballa, and has only recently returned on leave to England, where, his condition being pronounced precarious, he was recommended to Malta for change of climate. Thence he had but just returned to England to join his only surviving daughter, Mrs. M'Mullan, who has recently lost her husband, Major M Mullan, whilst on active service in India.

COLONEL W. N. BURNS.

William Nicol Burns, the second of the three sons of Robert Burns who alone of his six children survived infancy, and the