Appendix to opinion of BREYER, J. Horse shows, rodeos, or dog and pony shows Persons engaged in buying, selling, or exchanging horses, mules, or donkeys Wholesale ice cream manufacturers Ice factories Innkeepers and hotels Junk dealers Persons renting or supplying laundered towels, aprons, coats, or linens (not including diapers) Persons furnishing diaper service Persons or other entities operating power or steam laundries Self-service laundries Hand-power laundries Exhibitions of feats of sleight of hand Persons who sell or install lightning rods Persons who sell or install lightning rods, though not as a primary business Wholesale dealers of lumber and timber Persons operating lumberyards Persons operating machinery repair shops Manicurists, hairdressers, etc. Persons engaged in manufacturing, cleaning, or upholstering cushions, mattresses, pillows, or rugs Persons engaged in the practice of medicine, chemistry, bacteriology, etc., except chemists employed full time by doctors or nonprofits and doctors who work full time at medical schools Persons engaged in selling mimeographs, duplicating machines, dictaphones, teletypes, etc. Persons engaged in iron ore mining Persons who sell or erect monuments or tombstones (other than fraternal associations) Persons operating transient moving picture shows (in tents or otherwise) Persons operating moving picture shows Appendix to opinion of BREYER, J. Persons operating newsstands Oculists, optometrists, and opticians Osteopaths and chiropractors Cold storage plants, packinghouses, and refrigerated warehouses Pawnbrokers Itinerant vendors and peddlers who sell drugs, ointments, or medicines claimed to treat or cure diseases Itinerant vendors and peddlers who sell spices, toilet articles, and household remedies, etc. Photographers and photograph galleries Transient or traveling photographers with no fixed place of business Persons who sell, rent, or deliver pianos, organs, and small musical instruments General merchants who sell small musical instruments Pig iron storage operators Persons dealing in handguns, knives, and other similar weapons Persons and other entities that sell, store, use, or otherwise consume packages of playing cards Plumbers, steam fitters, tin shop operators, etc. Pool tables in commercial establishments Owners of racetracks, athletic fields, etc., charging more than $0.50 admission Persons who sell radios, etc. Real estate brokers and agents dealing in realty within the State Real estate brokers and agents dealing in realty outside the State Restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, etc. Roadhouses, nightclubs, and dance halls Sandwich shops, barbecue stands, and hamburger or hot dog stands Persons and corporations who operate sawmills, heading mills, or stave mills Appendix to opinion of BREYER, J. Scientists, naturopaths, and chiropodists Persons selling or delivering sewing machines Operators of shooting galleries Persons dealing in shotguns, rifles, and ammunition for such weapons Skating rink operators Soliciting brokers Persons selling eyeglasses, other than nonprescription sunglasses Stock and bond brokers Operators of street fairs or carnivals Owners, conductors, and people in charge of railroad supply cars from which goods are sold Operators of syrup or sugar factories, plants, or refineries Persons engaged in conducting a theater, vaudeville, or variety show or other performance Ticket scalpers Persons operating public tourist camps Dealers in tractors, road machinery, or trailers Persons who issue or sell trading stamps or similar certificates Persons transferring freight Transient dealers Persons operating transient theatrical and vaudeville shows Transient vendors and peddlers, traveling by animal or using a vehicle other than a motor vehicle Persons operating turpentine stills Persons and other entities operating vending machines Persons and other entities engaged in the operation of veneer mills or any other factories where lumber or timber is made into a finished product Veterinary surgeons Persons operating warehouses or storage yards Persons who purchase and receive or collect grease and animal byproducts for rendering or recycling Persons operating public utilities Appendix to opinion of BREYER, J. Persons and other entities operating freight lines or equip ment companies (i. e., by rail) Railroad operators Persons operating "express" shipping companies Per Curiam MARYLAND v. DYSON ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS OF MARYLAND No. 98-1062. Decided June 21, 1999 After receiving a tip from a reliable informant, sheriff's deputies stopped and searched respondent's vehicle and found 23 grams of cocaine in the trunk. The Court of Special Appeals reversed his drug conviction, holding that in order for the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement to apply, there must not only be probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime is contained in the car, but also a separate finding of exigency precluding the police from obtaining a warrant. Held: The automobile exception does not require a separate finding of exigency in addition to a finding of probable cause. This Court's established precedent makes clear that in cases where there was probable cause to search a vehicle, a search is not unreasonable if based on facts that would justify issuing a warrant, even though a warrant has not been actually obtained. E. g., United States v. Ross, 456 U. S. 798, 809. Here, the lower court found "abundant probable cause" that the car contained contraband, which alone satisfies the warrant requirement's automobile exception. Certiorari granted; 122 Md. App. 413, 712 A. 2d 573, reversed. PER CURIAM. In this case, the Maryland Court of Special Appeals held that the Fourth Amendment requires police to obtain a search warrant before searching a vehicle which they have probable cause to believe contains illegal drugs. Because this holding rests upon an incorrect interpretation of the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement, we grant the petition for certiorari and reverse. At 11 a.m. on the morning of July 2, 1996, a St. Mary's County (Maryland) Sheriff's Deputy received a tip from a reliable confidential informant that respondent had gone to New York to buy drugs, and would be returning to Maryland in a rented red Toyota, license number DDY 787, later that day with a large quantity of cocaine. The deputy investi |