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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTERNATIONAL LAW.
I. Its origin and obligation. § 1.
Early treatises.
The term "international law."
Sources of authority.
Nature and force of obligation.
Effect of usage.
Presumption as to assent.
II. Part of the law of the land. § 2.
Judicial declarations.
Opinions of statesmen.
Question of proof.
CHAPTER II.
STATES: THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION.
I. Definitions of the State. § 3.
General definitions.
Particular elements.
Excluded associations.
Principles of inclusion and exclusion.
Protected princes of India.
Colonial possessions.
II. Sovereignty and independence. § 4.
Ideas of sovereignty and independence.
Beginning of sovereign existence.
Internal and external sovereignty.
National obligations.
External influence.
External guaranties.
III. Classification of States.
1. Simple States. § 5.
Their characteristic.
(1) Single States. § 6.
(2) Personal union. § 7.
XXXI
III. Classification of States-Continued.
2. Composite States. § 8.
(1) Real union. §9.
(2) Confederation. § 10.
(3) Federal union. § 11.
United States of America.
German Empire; Switzerland.
3 Neutralized States. $ 12.
Belgium, Ionian Islands, Savoy, Switzerland.
Luxemburg.
Congo.
Samoa.
4. Semi-sovereign States and protectorates.
(1) Semisovereign States. § 13.
Suzerain and subject.
Egypt, Bulgaria, Transvaal, and other examples.
(2) Protected States and protectorates. § 14.
Ionian Islands, Andorra, San Marino, Monaco.
Countries not possessing European civilization.
5. American Indians.
(1) Their dependent relation. § 15.
"Domestic dependent nations.”
Subjection to Federal legislation.
Eminent domain.
Domestic subjects, not citizens.
Local self-government.
Comparison with native States of India.
Commerce with aboriginal tribes.
(2) Inability to transmit title. § 16.
(3) Treaties. § 17.
6. The Holy See. § 18.
IV. The State and its government.
1. Distinction between State and Government.
2. De facto governments.
(1) Different kinds. § 20.
Classification and powers.
Insurrection and revolt.
(2) Military occupation.
§ 21.
$ 19.
Premature recognition.
Conditional and limited recognition.
II. Recognition of new States.
1. Revolution in Spanish-America. § 28.
2. Venezuelan provinces. § 29.
Revolts at Caracas.
Agents to the United States.
President Madison's message, November 5, 1811.
Temporary reascendency of Spain.
Protest as to Amelia Island.
3. United Provinces of South America. § 30.
Assemblies at Buenos Ayres and Tucuman.
Demand for recognition.
Opinion of Mr. Adams.
Refusal to receive a consul.
4. Chile. § 31.
5. Colombia. § 32.
Attempted mediation of the allies.
President Monroe's message, December 7, 1819.
Action of the House, 1820-1821.
President's message, December 3, 1821.
9. Recognition of various Latin-American States. § 36.
Message as to recognition, March 8, 1822.
Appropriation for missions.
Protest of Spanish minister.
Mr. Adams's response.
Republic of Colombia-New Granada, Ecuador, Venezuela.
H. Doc. 551- III
II. Recognition of new States-Continued.
9. Recognition of various Latin-American States. § 36-Continued.
Buenos Ayres; also, Uruguay, Paraguay,
Chile.
Mexico.
Brazil.
President Grant's message, December 7, 1875.
President Cleveland's message, December 7, 1896.
President McKinley's message, April 11, 1898.
Joint resolution of April 20, 1898.
14. Recognition of European States. § 41.
III. Recognition of new governments-Continued.
3. Rome, and the Papal States. § 45.
Roman Republic.
Papal States.
4. Spain. § 46.
Napoleonic government: suspension of decision.
Consular functions.
Ferdinand VII.
Duke of Aosta, 1870.
The Republic and its successor.
5. Portugal. § 47.
Dom Miguel.
6. German Empire. § 48.
7. Colombia. § 49.
Mr. Van Buren's instructions.
Mosquera government and its successor.
Marroquin government, 1890.
8. Central America. § 50.
Nicaragua: Rivas-Walker government.
Costa Rica, 1868.
Salvador, 1890.
Greater Republic of Central America.
9. Mexico. § 51.
Comonfort, Zuloaga, Miramon governments.
Juarez government.
The Empire.
First Diaz government.
10. Venezuela. § 52.
Paez government.
Falcon government.
Revolution of 1879: Guzman Blanco.
Crespo government.
Castro government.
11. Bolivia; Ecuador. § 53.
Bolivia: Melgarejo government.
Revolution of 1899.
Ecuador.
12. Peru. § 54.
Pierola government.
Calderon government.
Iglesias government.
Deposition of Iglesias; interregnum.
Provisional government.
13. Brazil. § 55.
The Republic.
14. Chile. § 56.
Revolution of 1891.
15. Hawaii. § 57.
Deposition of the monarchy.
16. Santo Domingo. § 58.
IV. Recognition of belligerency.
1. Conditions and effects of recognition. $59.
2. The American Revolution. § 60.