Hy-perm-nes'tra, Gr. Trepμvñoтpa; Fr. HYPERMNESTRE, e ́pêrm ́nêstr'] one of the DANAIDES, which ©Hyp'sï-clēš, ['Yyıλñ¢‚] a Greek mathematician of

see.

an uncertain epoch, is supposed to have lived at Alexandria in the second century. He wrote a treatise "On the Right Ascension of the Constellations of the Zodiac," which is extant. He is regarded by some as the author of the fourteenth and fifteenth books of the "Elements" of Euclid. According to Delambre, he lived about 146 B.C.

Hyp-sip'y-le, (Gr. "Tyiróλn,] a queen of Lemnos, who, according to tradition, saved the life of her father when the other women of the island killed their husbands and male relations. She was afterwards sold into slavery by the Lemnian women.

See LEMPRIERE'S "Classical Dictionary."
Hyrcan. See HYRCANUS.

Hyr-ca'nus [Gr. Tpkavós; Fr. HYRCAN, ER KON'] I, (JOHN,) high-priest of the Jews, was the son of Simon Maccabeus, whom he succeeded in 135 B.C. After the death of Antiochus Sidetes, 130 B.C., he conquered the Idumeans and destroyed the city of Samaria. Though educated as a Pharisee, in the latter part of his life he favoured their rivals the Sadducees. He died in the year 103, leaving his office to his son Aristobu'lus.

See JOSEPHUS, "History of the Jews;" Apocryphal Book of Maccabees.

Hyrcanus II, high-priest of the Jews, succeeded his

I-ac'ehus, [Gr. "Taxxos,] a surname or synonym of BACCHUS, which see.

I-am'be, (Gr. 'láμ3n,] a servant-maid of Metanira, Queen of Eleusis, was said to be a daughter of Pan. By her jokes or tricks she amused Ceres when the latter was in distress. Iambic poetry is supposed to have derived its name from her.

Iamblichus. See JAMBLICHUS.

I-ap'e-tus, [Gr. 'laneтós; Fr. JAPET, zhapa,] in classic mythology, a Titan, and a son of Uranus. He was the father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menœtius. He is by some considered to be the same as the Japheth of Scripture. Iapetus was regarded by the ancient

Greeks and Romans as the ancestor of the human race,* and, according to Scripture, the descendants of Japheth inhabited the "isles of the Gentiles," (Genesis x. 5.) which would seem to signify the numerous islands along the coasts of Europe and Asia Minor, and probably also the adjacent portions of the two continents; in other words, all that part of the world with which the early Greeks were acquainted.

I-ã'si-on [Gr. 'laoiwv] or I-a'sI-us, a fabulous son of Jupiter and Electra, (or of Minos and Corythus.) He is said to have been beloved by Ceres, who bore him a Plutus, the god of riches.

son,

Ibarra, e-Bar'ra, (JOAQUIN,) a Spanish printer, born at Saragossa in 1725, carried on business in Madrid. He was distinguished for the perfection of his publications, especially for his editions of "Don Quixote," (1780,) and a Spanish version of Sallust, (1772.) Died in 1785.

I'bas, a Syrian priest of the fifth century, acted a prominent part in the disputes about Nestorianism. He was chosen Bishop of Edessa in 436 A.D. At the Council of Ephesus, in 449, he was deposed on the charge of favouring the Nestorians; but he was reinstated by the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Died in 457.

Ib'bet-son, (Mrs. AGNES,) an English botanist, born in London in 1757. She investigated the structure of plants, and wrote botanical papers which were inserted in Nicholson's "Journal" and the "Philosophical Magazine," (1809-17.) Died in 1823.

Ibbetson, JULIUS CÆSAR,) an English landscape

See Horace, lib. i., Carmen 3, in which the phrases "Gens humana" and "Iapeti genus" are used almost synonymously. ↑ See note on page 35.

IBN-AL-ATSEER

father, Alexander Jannæus, in 76 B.C. His brother Aristobu'lus having usurped the regal power, Hyrcanus, who was a weak prince, appealed to the Roman Pompey, who restored him to the throne and priesthood. PAY tigonus, son of Aristobulus, with the aid of the Parthians, deposed Hyrcanus about 38 B.C., and was soon after supplanted by Herod, who married Mariamne, the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, and put the latter to death, 30 B.C.

Hyrtl, heer't'l, (JOSEPH,) an able anatomist, born at Eisenstadt, Hungary, in 1811. He became professor of anatomy in Vienna in 1845. He published, besides other works, a "Text-Book of Human Anatomy," (2 vols., 1847,) which has been adopted by the German universities as a standard. Died July 17, 1894.

Hys'lop, or His'lọp, (JAMES,) a Scottish poet, born near Sanquhar, July 13, 1798. He became a schoolmaster in the navy, and died near the Cape Verde Islands, December 4, 1827. He is still remembered for his sweet and graceful verses.

Hystaspe. See HYSTASPES.

Hys-tas'pēš, Gr. Yorúonns; Fr. HYSTASPE, ès ́tåsp'; Persian, GUSHTASP,] a satrap of Persia, and the father of Darius I., lived about 550 B.C. He is said to have been the first who introduced into Persia the learning of the Indian Brahmans. According to one account, he was the chief of the Magians, which accords with the Persian tradition that Gushtâsp patronized the religion of Zoroaster. (See GUSHTÂSP.)

Hywell See HOWELL THE GOOD.

painter, born at Scarborough, copied and imitated with success the works of Berghem. He wrote an "Accidence or Gamut of Oil-Painting for Beginners." Died in 1817.

Ib'bot, (BENJAMIN,) an English divine, born near Swaffham, in Norfolk, in 1680. He became chaplain to George I. in 1716, and prebendary of Westminster in 1724. He delivered the Boyle lectures in 1713-14 Died in 1725. Two volumes of his sermons were pub lished in 1726.

See DR. S. CLARKE, "Life of Benjamin Ibbot."

Iberville, d', de ́bêr'vèl', (LEMOINE or LEMOYNE,) a Canadian navigator, born at Montreal in 1642, distinguished himself in many actions against the English. He commanded a vessel sent by the French government to explore the mouth of the Mississippi, which he discovered in March, 1699. He ascended the river, and built a fort on its border. Died at Havana in 1706.

Ibi, ee'bee, (SINIBALDO,) an Italian painter, a pupil of Perugino, was born at Perugia, and flourished between 1505 and 1528.

IBN, ib'n, an Arabic word signifying "son," and forming a part of many names; as, IBN-HANBAL, the "son of Hanbal," etc. It is often written Ben; as, ALIBEN-ABI-TALIB, for ALEE-IBN-ABEE (-ABÎ) -TÂLIR. Ibn-Abeet(-Abî)-Yakoob,(or-Y'akûb,) Ib'n å'bee ya/koob' (Abool-Faraj, 'bool faraj,) otherwise called An-Nadeem (-Nadim)-Mohammed-Ibn-Ishak, annå-deem' mo-ham'med fb'n is-håk', an Arabian writer, chiefly known as the author of a valuable catalogue of books in the Arabic language, with brief and excellent notices of their authors. Nothing is known of his life, except that he wrote in the latter part of the tenth century.

Ibn-Al-Atseer, (-Atsyr,) Ib'n ål åt-seer', (AboolHassan-Alee, or Aboul (-Abfil)-Hassan-Alî, 'bool has'san a'lee,) surnamed Az-ed-Deen, (AzzEDDYN,) (¿.e. the "Splendour of Religion,") an Arabian historian, born in Mesopotamia about 1160, became a citizen of Mosul. He excelled in the science of prophetic traditions, and had great knowledge of history, as appears by his Complete Chronicle from the origin of the world to his own time. Died in 1233.

See HAJI-KHALFAH, "Lexicon Bibliographicum;" VON HAMMERPURGSTALL, "Literaturgeschichte der Araber."

Ibn-Al-Atseer (or -Al-Atsyr)-Nasr-Allah, b'n ålåt-seer' nås'r ål'låh, written also Alatyr and Alatîr, an Arabian writer, a brother of the preceding, was born at