ARCHBISHOP BOULTER. THE tomb of Hugh Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh, is in the west aisle of the north transept, and consists of a sarcophagus of white marble profusely embellished with types and symbols of his office, such as the mitre, crosier, &c., many of which, however, are greatly defaced. Upon this sarcophagus is placed a characteristic bust of the bishop. The whole was designed and executed by H. Cheere. Inscription: To the memory of Dr. HUGH BOULTER, Late Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of all A Prelate so eminent For the Accomplishments of his Mind, Or even erect a Monument to his Fame. in all probability, that as he stood well with the king, he should obtain what would have been more agreeable to his tastes and habits-as high and as profitable an appointment in England. But the minister was determined not to change his arrangements, and the prelate was fain to yield. Upon entering this new office, Boulter evinced a more than common and highly laudable desire to improve the state of the Established Church in Ireland. He invited the bishops and clergy to join him in raising a voluntary fund for the purpose of rendering the Board of First Fruits effective for its original purposes, those namely of repairing and rebuilding dilapidated churches, providing glebes, &c. To this fund he proposed that the archbishops, bishops, and clergy, should pay an annual per centage on their incomes, deductis oneribus; but the project proved a failure, the bishops and priests showing as little relish for voluntary taxation as other people. Boulter was distinguished by a love for improvements, and an active charity, which was expensive and uncommon. As a proof of his merits in these respects, it will be enough to mention here, that in 1741 there was a severe famine in Ireland, during which he fed the casual poor of a large workhouse in Dublin twice a day, from January to August. It was estimated that 2,500 persons received food in this way, and the most of them at the primate's charge. The Irish House of Commons passed him a vote of thanks for his munificence on this occasion. He erected and endowed with an estate some houses for the reception of clergymen's widows at Drogheda ; built a market-house at Armagh; was a liberal benefactor to Steven's Hospital in Dublin, and is particularly distinguishable for the zeal with which he supported and carried into effect Bishop Maude's plan of the Protestant Charter Schools-a well-meant but mistaken scheme for proselytising the children of poor Catholics, which in the course of time became a complete failure. He was one of the chief promoters of the Newry navigation and canal, a public work of considerable usefulness and imThe place of Archbishop Boulter's birth was London, and that of his education Merchant Tai-portance, which he aided with his characteristic lors' School first, and then Christ Church College, Oxford. He was a Fellow of Magdalen College, and remained at the University until the year 1700, when, becoming Chaplain successively to Sir C. Hedges, Secretary of State, and to Archbishop Tenison, he appeared frequently at court, and soon obtained the parsonage of St. Olave, South-taking fell into arrear. wark, together with the archdeaconry of Surrey. After serving as chaplain to George I., upon the Whosoever has any sense of Merit, Any Reverence for Piety, Will assist in preserving it fair and spotless; May still have the benefit of his illustrious He was born January the 4th, 1671: He was consecrated Bishop of Bristol, 1718: He was translated to the Archbishopric of Armagh, 1723, and from thence to Heaven, September the 27th, 1742 *. royal visit to Hanover in 1715, Boulter was employed to teach Prince Frederick English. It was while he was abroad that the bishopric of Bristol and deanery of Christ Church, Oxford, fell vacant, and the king gave him both. When, some time after, the archbishopric of Armagh was offered him, he at first refused the preferment, conceiving, • According to the Biographia Britannica, the dates of his consecration and translation should be 1719 and 1724. tion, and not only generously buying up the fee of spirit, giving wood from his estate for its construca colliery lease which a tenant of his held, who advancing funds without interest when the paywas exorbitant in his charges to the public, but ment of the company's subscriptions to the underA man so good and genewhen possessed of eminent political power, could rous would naturally be supposed to be one who, hardly fail to prove an extensive benefactor to a country standing so much in need as Ireland then did, and still does, of a liberal and judicious imIrish administrations of which Archbishop Boulter prover. Truth, however, compels us to state, that the formed a leading member, were far from beneficial of individuals than of the system they were made to that country. This however was less the fault parts of. There were, moreover, peculiar circumstances at the period of Boulter's first connexion L are plain compositions, telling nothing either of persons or events that is striking, and are mainly noticeable for the frequent, or rather the incessant, advice they give the government in London to fill up every place as it fell vacant in Ireland with natives of England; thus governing the sister country not for and through her own people, but an English oligarchy, whose interests were always peculiarly their own, and necessarily opposed to every other in the country. Of that mistaken and extravagant system, ever fertile in wrongs, Archbishop Boulter was throughout an earnest, and an able, but also an unsuccessful supporter, for he left Ireland as all others before and after him did who upheld the same injurious policy, discontented, distracted, impoverished, and ignorant. How little the Irish viceroy of that period attended to the duties of his station may be inferred from the fact, that Archbishop Boulter filled the office of Lord Justice, which was only created during the absence of the Lord Lieutenant from the country, no less than thirteen times. He died during a temporary visit to London, and it was computed that his con with Irish politics, which rendered the task of administering them more than usually difficult. Dean Swift, who though a Tory, should ever be dear to his fellow-countrymen on account of the views, no less sound than spirited, which he promulgated for raising the people from their abject misery, encouraging trade, and developing the various resources of the country-Dean Swift was already at the height of his well-merited popularity, compelling the government to abandon the obnoxious patent held by Wood, the Birmingham manufacturer for coining copper coin in Ireland. The archbishop reached Ireland when the ferment was at its height, and upon taking his seat at the Privy Council he had the good sense to advise the English minister not to add to the popular indignation and sense of injury by upholding the patent. From this period until his death he took constantly a prominent part in Irish politics, and they who are curious to learn what his leanings and recommendations were, will find a key to them in his letters written between the years 1724 and 1738 to several ministers of state in England. These were collected by his secretary, Ambrose Philips, and pub-tributions in the way of charity to the Irish Church lished at the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in two volumes, 8vo, 1759. The originals are deposited in the Library of Christ's Church College. They had amounted during his lifetime to 30,000l. He also left by his will handsome legacies to the colleges with which he was connected in England. JOHN, DUKE OF ARGYLE, K.T. THE monument erected to this nobleman in the Britons, behold, if patriot worth be dear, Nor less, O Campbell, thine the power to please, Such are the lines upon the pyramid under which History subscribes the titles of the deceased. The statement upon the base below is this : In memory of an Honest Man, And a Constant Friend, The Great Duke of Argyle and Greenwich, Exceeded by none in the age he lived. Two noblemen, bearing the title of Argyle, and sprung from the same ancient family, have ranked with distinction in the military history of Great Britain during the course of the last two centuries. Of these, the first and least successful in his career, was Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyle, who, in conjunction with the Duke of Monmouth, headed the first rebellion against the obstinate and unfortunate James II. The attempt miscarried. Argyle was captured, tried, and executed as a traitor, under circumstances of marked serenity and fortitude, at Edinburgh, in 1686; and his co-partner, after as vain a diversion in the South of England, was also taken prisoner, and, bating some unsoldierlike humility while his fate remained undecided, suffered death with resignation before the Tower of London. Of Earl Archibald much has been recorded that is interesting, but does not properly fall under the title of this work. Some verses, however, written by him on the night before his execution, are too touching and too good to be suppressed wherever his name is mentioned. They are these: "Thou passenger, who shalt have so much time As view my grave, and ask what was my crime; Born October 10, 1678, John Campbell, grandson of this Archibald, had the good fortune of finding the honours of his family restored, before he could be well sensible of their forfeiture. This act, whether of grace or consistency, was one of the first accorded by king William upon his accession to the British crown. The subject of this sketch received a domestic education, and such was his proficiency in his studies, that at the early age of sixteen he was thought qualified to enter life. Professing a partiality for the army, he received a commission, was present at the battle of the Boyne, and soon after, upon a private introduction to the king, was made a colonel. During this reign he does not appear to have enjoyed any decided opportunities for distinction; but in the long and glorious wars by which, under the reign of Queen Anne, the crown of Austria was preserved, and the independence of Europe secured from the disastrous ambition of Louis XIV., Argyle accompanied the celebrated Marlborough to the continent, and there proved himself, in active ser. vice, a skilful general, and a brave soldier. At the battle of Oudenarde, he served as Brigadier-gene- | ral, with Prince Eugene, and the young Prince of Hanover, afterwards George I., and particularly distinguished himself. The contending troops had been manoeuvring and skirmishing until evening had set in, and the French, who, under the Duke de Vendome, had not only the advantage of numbers, but of situation also, had been vainly challenged to a general engagement, when, at about five in the evening, Argyle led his battalions across the Scheldt, directly in face of the strongest fire the enemy could discharge; and, in a short time, forced them into a reluctant battle. Pursuing the advantages of this victory, he was ordered to the siege of Ghent; and upon the probable reduction of that city, was charged with the honours of its investment. In the last brilliant affair over which the fortune and talents of Marlborough prevailed, Argyle also performed a conspicuous part, though strongly opposed to the policy of a battle in which the loss of lives was immense, and the consequent advantages neither proportionately desirable, nor easily to be attained. While Marlborough was triumphantly employed in forcing the French lines, and reducing Bouchaine, Argyle, now powerfully supported by the ministry, on account of his disagreement with the Captain General, was recalled, and invested with the command of the queen's forces in Spain. Here he was opposed to the celebrated Vendome; but, unfortunately, although the highest hopes were entertained of the success of the campaign, nothing was effected during it which reflected particular honour on him as general, or rendered material benefit to his country. For this the ministers were blamed. 1,500,000l. had been voted by the commons for that particular service; but notwithstanding that, Argyle, upon landing at Barcelona, in the month of May, found his troops destitute of victuals. In this wretched condition he waited for some time, vainly expecting the promised remittances, and at last borrowed money on his personal credit, and took the field. An action immediately took place, at the pass of Prato del Rey, where the enemy were repulsed; but all further advantages were, in a great degree, impeded by the ill health of Argyle, who was conveyed back to Barcelona in a state of high fever. Still he pressed the ministers, and complained of the way in which he was abandoned; but his remonstrances were ineffectual; and, although Vendome was again repulsed from the investment of Cordova, Argyle, unable to follow him, was obliged to return disappointed to England. The allusion already made to the differences between Argyle and Marlborough is to be further illustrated by the fact, that although associated together in the field of battle abroad, and in the cabinet at home, still they were far from according in strategic opinions, or concurring in political measures. Whether this personal opposition took its rise from jealousy in Argyle, or whether it was dictated by a sense of the impropriety of that secret influence generally ascribed to Marlborough, or whether again it proceeded from a perception of the colour which some of the peculatory charges against the commander-in-chief assumed, it were now difficult to determine precisely. It is probable that each of these causes had an influence, and it is certain that he was not only among the first to speak against Marlborough, but that he also caused the rejection of the last vote proposed, as an acknowledgment of the lustre which the achievements of the former had, for so many years, shed over the history of England. Thus, after having acquired a high reputation, titles and places, for the effective gallantry and military talents he had displayed in assisting to gain Marlborough's battles, Argyle became the impugner of the great general, and siding in parliament with his political opponents, was removed by ministers from all his offices. Those ministers however being displaced in their turn, Argyle not only resumed his former employments, but obtained other and higher appointments. Before his parliamentary votes led to his disgrace at court he had been a member of the privy council, captain of the Scotch Horse Guards, an extraordinary lord of the Scotch sessions, and, upon the revival of the order, a knight of the thistle. He was also commander-in-chief in Scotland, and high commissioner of the Scotch parliament, in which capacity he was entrusted with the principal management of the celebrated union of the legislatures of the two countries. The prudence, talent, and success with which he carried this difficult measure into effect, were rewarded upon his return to London with the English titles of Baron Chatham, and Earl of Greenwich. Such were his services and distinctions, during the reign of Queen Anne. On the accession of George I. he enjoyed his full share of the patronage and promotions bestowed upon the Whigs by the house of Hanover. Fresh opportu nities for serving that family now presented themselves, and added to his celebrity. When the rebellion of 1715 broke out under the Earl of Mar, Argyle was again made commander-in-chief in Scotland, and was expected to defeat the rebels and pacify the country with vigour and dispatch. But the measure of his success was far from keeping pace with the desires of the government in London: his military skill was criticised; even his loyalty was aspersed; and when Lieutenant-colonel Cadogan, late in the struggle, arrived with reinforcements, he found the instructions of the latter so comprehensive, as in his judgment to imply censure upon his conduct. Offended at the slight thus put upon him, he hastened up to London to remonstrate. What little remained to be executed in the way of war was, in the mean time, easily conIcluded by Cadogan, who after pursuing Mar to Aberdeen, (where the rebels dispersed as soon as the flight of the Pretender and the lords in his confidence to France took place) at length reduced the stubborn clans, and established the authority of government throughout the country. Ere this end had been gained, Argyle reached London, and in spite of remonstrances and reclamations boldly and indignantly put forward, was, with his brother, the Earl of Ilay, dismissed from all employment. About the year 1719 the connexion which he had hitherto preserved with Lord Townshend and his political adherents, facilitated his return to power, and he as well as the Earl of Ilay again engrossed various posts of honour and profit. The theatre of his greatest employment was in his native land, where the principal direction of affairs was entrusted to his care anew; and though the apprehension of some disturbances in consequence of the Pretender's influence, was made a reason for subjecting the people to the maintenance of a large military force, still many acts were completed highly serviceable to their interests. Laudable efforts were made to conciliate the disaffected; the improvement of the Highlands was sensibly attended to, and much benefit was derived from various roads, which were now for the first time constructed to develop the commercial resources of the country. In 1718 he was created Duke of Greenwich, as a token of the approbation with which h's exertions were esti. mated, and after serving as steward of the household, and master-general of the ordnance, he was created field-marshal. In 1739 he resigned his offices, and went into opposition against Sir R. Walpole's ministry. When that statesman resigned a few years afterwards, Argyle was once more employed, but being seized with paralysis, died as stated in his epitaph, in 1743. By his personal friends, and some Scotch writers, this nobleman's public conduct has been commended in very flattering terms. By them he is described as a man inflexibly attached to whatever course he deemed right, never compromised as to principle, by party bonds, or swayed as to actions by desire of place; an able statesman, eloquent speaker, and honest man. Others have painted his grace in very different colours, as one so variable as to have neither fixed principles nor steady character; keen, selfish, self-opinionated and pompous, and neither patriotic as a statesman, nor faithful as a party man. He was twice married: his first wife was the exquisite beauty, daughter of Lord Ballenden, who was so amorously pursued by George II., and distinguished herself by the spirit with which she resisted his uncouth addresses. He had five daughters, but no son. His English titles consequently became extinct; but those of Scotch origin were inherited by his brother, the Earl of Ilay. Two other generals, contemporaries of the Duke of Argyle, are commemorated in the Abbey: short notices, therefore, may be not inappropriately added here of their monuments. Field-Marshal Wade has been honoured over the door leading into the cloisters with a stately column or trophy of arms, raised upon a sarcophagus, which Time appears advancing to destroy, while Fame repels the aggressor. These figures evince spirit and grace; but much of the effect they are calculated to produce is lost by the height at which, contrary to the earnest remonstrances of the artist, Roubiliac, they are placed. The inscription seems to have been furnished by some book-keeper in the War-Office. To the memory of GEORGE WADE, Field-Marshal of his Majesty's Forces, Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance, Colonel of his Majesty's Third Regiment of Foot Guards, Governor of Fort William, Fort Augustus, and Fort George, and one of His Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council. He | died 14 Mar. 1748, aged 75. To Field-Marshal John, Earl Ligonier, the companion and successor in arms of the great Marlborough, a monument has been erected in the area near the North Cross aisle. The Muse of History leaning upon an urn with one arm, unfolds in the other a scroll inscribed with the names of the principal engagements in which the deceased distinguished himself-Schellenberg, Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Taniere, Malplaquet, Dettingen, Fontenoy, Roucoux, and Laffeldt. Under the urn a good medallion of the Earl is placed, in a round band, adorned with military emblems. On a pyramid behind the principal figure, History, Britannia is seen in relief, sitting on a bale of cotton, emblematical of commerce, while around, connected by a cordon, are medallions of the sovereigns under whom the general served; namely, Queen Anne, and George I., II. and III. The design, not a very meritorious one, and the execution, which is not much better, are by J. F. Moore. The inscription is as common-place and clerk-like as that of FieldMarshal Wade. |