and the Philippine Islands, and whose active curiosity was directed to every thing interesting to the manufacturing industry and commerce of the Europeans, was so good as to examine my result. After an examination of his notes, he found that the sums poured into India by different commercial nations, and converted into roupees, amount to eight or nine millions of piastres, of which at an average we may reckon

5,200,000 resulting from the English commerce,

2,000,000 - - - - - - - - - Anglo-American, 600,000 - - - - - - - - - Spanish, 400,000 - - - - - - . - - Danish. 8,200,000 The Europeans imported into China, Piastres. In 1804, - - - - - 6,117,600 1805, - - - - - 5,293,000 1806, - - - - - 8,384,998

M. de Sainte Croix believes that in the present state of the commerce of China, Europe loses

Piastres. By the way of Canton and Macao, 2,500,000 By - - Emoui, - - 800,000

By - - Cochin-china, - 500,000

3,800,000 Adding to this sum the eight or nine millions

of piastres converted into roupees in India, and the silver absorbed in the commerce of the Europeans and Anglo-Americans with Japan, the great Archipelago of Asia, Persia, Bassora, Mascat, Moka, Mozambique, and Madagascar, we find a loss of specie, which undoubtedly amounts to sixteen or seventeen millions of piastres. The average price" of the green tea (Hyson, Singlo, and Congo) was in 1807 at Canton 2 fr. 15 c. the Spanish pound, 128 of which make a pikle ; and the mean price of black tea (Souchong, Campoy, and Bohea) was at the same period 1 franc 68 centimes. Speaking of the importation of Asiatic sugar into Europe and Americat, I forgot to mention what the Anglo-Americans drew from the Dutch colonies of India. The quantity

WàS Kilogrammes.

. In 1800 - - - 1,417,130 1801 - - - 1,505,9230 1802 - - - 1,187,694

Mr. Buchanan, in the account of his interesting Travels in India f, has thrown much light on the cultivation of the sugar cane in Asia. Four varieties are distinguished there,

* See vol. iii. p. 444. note. t See vol. iii. p. 15.

# Journey from Madras through Mysore, vol. i. p. 95. z S

known by the names of restali, puttaputti, maracabo, and chittuwasum, some of which would well deserve to be introduced into the new continent. See also respecting the sugar of the provinces of Benares, Bahar, Rengpur, and Mednipur, Remarks on the Husbandry of Bengal, p. 127–186.

On the Quantity of Gold and Silver used by Goldsmiths.

We have entered in the eleventh chapter (vol. iii. p. 451.) upon the important question; What is the quantity of gold and silver extracted from the mines of the two continents, and annually consumed by goldsmiths in dif. ferent works? As old plate is frequently melted down, and the greatest part of the new plate is merely a change of form, we can only form a very vague idea of the quantity of precious metals which is every year added to that which for centuries constitutes the mass of wrought gold and silver. M. Necker thought that this augmentation was, for France alone, about the year 1770, nearly ten millions per annum". M. Peuchet affirms that at the period of the revolution the gold wrought into plate, lace, and trinkets annually,

amounted to twenty millions. The following are the most recent data:

In 1809 there was wrought in France,

Gold Plate. Silver Plate. In the departments, 1,608 kil. 21,326 kil. At Paris - 1,026 40,541 2,634 61,867,

In 1810 there was wrought at Paris alone, 1,218 kilogrammes of gold, and 47,408 kilogrammes of silver. These numbers merely indicate the materials on which the duty was levied by the government; but we may safely conclude, that notwithstanding the activity and vigilance of the officers, there was always a third or fourth at least more used than the quantity registered at the mint. It appears then, that there is annually wrought in France by the goldsmiths, although the maritime war is an obstacle in the way of exportation,

Francs.

In Gold, 3,300 kilogrammes, or 11,365,000 In Silver, 80,000 - or 17,760,000

Total value - 29,125,000

It would be interesting to procure similar information respecting England, Germany, Russia, and Italy. For want of this informa

tion we suppose that the produce of gold and silver used by goldsmiths in France, is to that of all Europe, in the proportion of one to four, and we find that the value of the total fabrication of Europe must amount to 120 millions of francs per annum. I shall not discuss what part of these metals is derived from the melting of old plate; but I believe we may conclude from the data we have laid down, that the quantity of gold and silver extracted from the mines of Europe and Siberia (vol. iii. p. 451.) is very far from replacing the mass of the precious metals annually employed in Europe in plate,

lace and gilding, or dissipated by an extreme division, or actually lost.

On the Data which served for Foundation to the Geographical Maps and Physical Sections of this Work.

In the Map of Mexico and the conterminous frontiers", the following points are founded on artronomical observations made by me in the navigation from Cumana to the Havannah, in crossing the Bank of La Vibora, and in the passage from Batabano to Carthagena.