they enjoyed on that occasion, excited them to re-embark with willingness in an enterprise so congenial to their national habits. All their efforts, however, and all the exertions of the court might have proved abortive, had not an English army landed on the coasts of Calabria, and began its military operations by the important and splendid victory of Maida.

About the middle of April, sir Sidney Smith had arrived at Palermo, in the Pompee of 84 guns, and taken the command of the English squadron destined for the defence of Sicily, consisting of five ships of the line, besides frigates, transports, and gun-boats. With this force under his command, sir Sidney sailed to the coast of Italy, and began his operations by introducing into Gaeta supplies of stores and ammunition. After alarming the coast, and distributing arms, money, and ammunition among the Calabrians, he found that unless an English army should make its appearance in the country, there was little hope of exciting a successful insurrection against the French. Sir John Stuart, who succeeded to sir James Craig in the command of the English troops in Sicily, in compliance, therefore, with the urgent request of the exiled court, but in opposition to his own opinion, consented, at length, to land with part of the army on the continent, and arrived on the 1st of July, in a bay in the gulph of St. Eufemia, near the northern frontier of Lower Calabria. A proclamation was immediately issued, inviting the Calabrians to join the standard of their lawful sovereign, and offering them arms and ammunition for their defence. Few or none obeyed the summons. Disappointed in his expectations from the inhabitants, sir John Stuart determined to re-embark, when he received intelligence that general Regnier was encamped at MAIDA, about ten miles distant, with an army nearly equal to his own. Aware,

at the same time, that the French general would be immediately joined by numerous reinforcements, he determined to advance and attack him before they arrived. The two armies were separated by a plain from four to six miles in breadth, extending

from sea to sea, and bounded on the north and south by chains of mountains. The French occupied a strong position on the sloping side of a woody hill, below the village of Maida, having the river. Lamato in front, and their flanks strengthened by a thick impervious underwood. In -numbers they were greatly superior to the English, having received the expected reinforcements before the battle. Their force is supposed to have been about 7000 men, while that of the English did not amount to 4800. Had Regnier remained upon the heights, the English must have attacked him under circumstances of great disadvantage: but, fortunately blinded by an excessive confidence, and an unbounded contempt of the enemy, he quitted his strong position, and drew up his army on the plain. The English, surprised at the number of his troops, but undismayed by their appearance, resolutely advanced to the attack. After some firing, both sides prepared to charge with the bayonet, and advanced with apparently equal resolution; but the French, astonished at thefirmness and intrepidity of the English, and struck with a sudden panic, gave way, after the bayonets of the two armies had begun to cross, and endeavored to save themselves by flight. They were overtaken with immense slaughter, and the left wing of their army was totally routed and dispersed. An effort was then made with the right to retrieve the honor of the day; but they were resisted with great. steadiness by the English left, and their cavalry was thrown into disorder, in attempting to turn the English flank. An unexpected fire from the 20th regiment, which landed during the action, and came up at this critical juncture, induced them to abandon the field of battle with precipi tation, and to leave an undisputed victory to their opponents. About 700 French were buried on the ground, and 1000prisoners taken, among whom were general Compere and several other officers of rank. Their total loss was estimated, (with little probability,) at 4000 men, while that of the English amounted only to 45 men killed, and 282 wounded...

The glorious victory of the 6th of July was the sigual of general insurrection in both the Calabrias; in Lower Calabria, after committing every description of oppression and inhumanity, only 3000 men out of 9000 were able to escape the vengeance of the natives, and in Upper Calabria their losses were avowedly considerable. Sir John Stuart, however, reflecting on the smallness of his forces, disgusted by the imprudence of the court, who cherished the insurrection by the agency of galley-slaves, assassins, renegado priests, and the lovers of murder and rapine, returned to Messina, where he was succeeded in the chief command by general Fox, who immediately despatched him on a second expedition to Calabria, but when sir John Moore, his senior officer, joined the army with reinforcements from England, sir John preferred returning to his native country to remaining third-in-command in Italy.

Sir John Moore was born at Glasgow in the year 1760: he entered the army at a very early period of life, and from the connection which his father Dr. Moore, had formed with the families Hamilton and Árgyle, he rapidly rose in the service. In 1790 he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 51st regiment of foot, and shortly after was actively employed in the Mediterranean.

The force under lord Hood having been obliged to evacuate Toulon in the latter part of the year 1793, and a place of arms. being absolutely necessary for our troops and navy, general Pascal Paoli had determined to contend once more for the sovereignty of his native isle, and entered into correspondence with Great Britain, to which he made an offer of the sovereignty of Corsica.

Lieutenant-colonel Moore, and major Kohler, were selected as the most proper officers, to inquire into the probability of success that would attend operations in that quarter. They landed secretly, obtained an interview of Paoli, and made a flattering report of his power and authority. This intelligence determined lord Hood to anticipate the French who had embarked a body of troops at Nice, for the subjugation of the island. Having anchor

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ed in a bay to the westward of Martella tower, a body of troops, amounting to about 14,000 men, was landed under lieutenantgeneral Dundas, and it was determined that this important post should be immediately seized, without which precaution the anchorage could not be deemed secure. A regular siege, however, was rendered necessary, and the garrison surrendered in two days. Lieutenant-colonel Moore was not present, he had been detached with two regiments, a howitzer, and a six-pounder, for the purpose of seizing on Fornelli, by sudden and unexpected movement. Having advanced for several miles through a mountainous country, on reconnoitring the place, it was found that it could not be taken by a coup-de-main. Sir John Moore however reported that if artillery were brought up, the attack would be attended with success. Accordingly, after four days of incessant fatigue, a sufficient quantity of ordnance was advanced to an eminence elevated no less than 700 feet above the level of the sea. From this commanding height, a single eighteen-pounder so annoyed two French frigates in the adjacent bay of St. Fiorenza, that they were forced to retire, while one battery, consisting of three pieces of artillery, enfiladed the redoubt of the convention, and a second took it in reverse. A body of Corsicans amounting to 1200 men, now advanced to the support of the British troops, and the French commander having refused to capitulate, preparations were made for an assault, which commenced on the evening of the 17th of February. A column under lieutenant-colonel Moore advanced against the nearest part of the redoubt, while lieutenant-colonel Wanchope and captain Steward extended in the centre, and on the left, and having thus divided the attention of the enemy, drove them down a steep hill in the rear. The English now became masters of the town, as well as of the heights of St Fiorenza.

The possession of Calvi was the next object of the British general, and on the 9th of June, 1795, the troops having received considerable reinforcements under lieute-, nant-general Stewart, they encamped at Serra del Cappucine, distant three miles

from the object of their attack. But before the body of the place could be assaulted, it became necessary to carry two detached forts, the latter of which lieutenant-colonel Moore was directed to take. Day-break was judged most proper for making the attempt, while to arrive there at the appointed moment it became necessary to post the troops among bushes, while false attacks were made in other quarters. Colonel Moore and major Brereton rapidly advanced to surprise the enemy, but were observed from the ramparts, and a volley of grapeshot was fired which did little execution.. The storming party now scrambled up amongst the rubbish, regardless of the fire of small arms, and the bursting of shells. A variety of impediments occurred from the nature of the ground and the desperate resistance of the enemy. Lieutenant-colonel Moore received a contusion in the head by the bursting of a shell, yet, notwithstanding the effusion of blood, entered the place along with the grenadiers. On general Stewart quitting Corsica he recommended lieutenant-colonel Moore, now invested with the rank of adjutant-general, as a proper person to succeed him. On his return from this station he was appointed to serve in the expedition to the West Indies, in 1795, under sir Ralph Abercrombie. In 1799, he accompanied the duke of York to Holland, and afterwards shared in the dan

ger and the glory of the expedition to Egypt. In the battle of Aboukir majorgeneral Moore was wounded in the leg, but refused to quit the field, and notwithstanding his misfortune, the further progress of the army through a long and critical march was committed to his direction. After the campaign in Egypt he was placed for some time on the staff of the southern military district, from which he was called to join the army in Calabria.

He soon discovered however that the great object for which a British armament was stationed in the Mediterranean, could not be sacrificed to the caprices of the queen, and to the uncertain prospect of recovering Naples. Kingdom after king dom had been subdued, throne after throne had been subverted without teaching the Neapolitan government that' there is no solid security to any government but the affection of the people, and that the price of affection is to deserve and return it. While the queen and the duke of Calabria projected the recovery of Naples by force of arms, the Sicilians, their only hope, were neglected and despised; their grievances remained unredressed; and to the disgrace of England, her power instead of being extended to their relief, served only to support the arrogance and maintain the authority of their tyrants and oppressors.

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THE violation of the Prussian territory of Anspach, in the preceding year, by the French troops under Bernadotte, had awakened Prussia from the apathy that for so many years had characterized her policy, and at a moment, when the evident danger of Austria might have been expected to confirm her prepossessions in favor of a rigid neutrality, an angry note was delivered by baron Hardenburg to the French mission at Berlin, which concluded with an intimation that the king of Prussia found himself compelled to order his armies to occupy such positions as might be necessary for the protection of his states. Had this intimation been followed up by a prompt and vigorous commencement of hostilities, Austria might have been saved, and Prussia preserved from future humiliation and discomfiture. But to temporize was the favourite policy of the court of Berlin, and a protracted negotiation at the headquarters of Buonaparte, conducted by the weak, the ignorant, and the dilatory count Haugwitz, was artfully prolonged till the till the battle of Austerlitz had been fought, the armistice concluded, and the coalition dissolved. Alarmed and confounded, the

Prussian court despatched general Von Pfuhl, who was empowered to accept the very conditions which had been formerly rejected, but previously to the arrival of Von Pfahl, Haugwitz had signed a definitive treaty at Vienna, by which Prussia from being the friend and ally of the combined powers, and almost the open and declared enemy of France, became the ally of the latter, and her associate in the spoils of the vanquished and baffled coalition. On the one side was stipulated a mutual guarantee of possessions, the ratification of whatever arrangements should be concluded at Presburg, and the inviolability of the Turkish territory; and on the other (at a time when the Prussian court professed the most anxious and sincere participation in the views of Britain,) the annexation of Hanover to Prussia in return for the cession of three provinces. As some palliation of this latter act of injustice, articles were proposed by Prussia, which stipulated that the French should not return to Hanover, that the completion of the treaty respecting that electorate should be deferred till a general peace, and that the consent of his majesty, the king of Great