A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime MoversC. Griffin, 1866 - 575 էջ |
Բովանդակություն
| 97 | |
| 103 | |
| 104 | |
| 109 | |
| 117 | |
| 125 | |
| 140 | |
| 150 | |
| 156 | |
| 177 | |
| 180 | |
| 187 | |
| 200 | |
| 211 | |
| 219 | |
| 225 | |
| 238 | |
| 267 | |
| 279 | |
| 387 | |
| 395 | |
| 403 | |
| 412 | |
| 431 | |
| 442 | |
| 445 | |
| 449 | |
| 456 | |
| 468 | |
| 469 | |
| 475 | |
| 484 | |
| 502 | |
| 547 | |
| 553 | |
| 569 | |
| 570 | |
| 573 | |
Common terms and phrases
absolute temperature æther approximate Article axis back pressure blast pipe boiler British thermal units bucket carbon co-efficient coal compression computed condensation constant cubic feet cubic foot curve cylinder denote density diagram diameter discharge double acting efficiency energy exerted equal equation experiments expressed Fahrenheit feet per second flow flues fluid foot-lbs foot-pounds formula friction fuel furnace given guide blades H₁ H₂ heat engine heat expended heat of combustion horse-power hyp log latent heat liquid machine mean effective pressure motion nearly orifice P₁ perfect gas piston rod plate plunger pound produced proportion pump quantity of heat R₁ ratio of expansion represent resistance shaft slide valve specific heat square foot square inch steam engine stroke substance supply pipe T₁ tail race thermodynamic total heat tubes turbine v₁ vane vapour velocity vertical volume water pressure engine water wheel weight wheel
Սիրված հատվածներ
Էջ 31 - The i:ni. u u. . of a machine is a fraction expressing the ratio of the useful work to the whole work performed, which is equal to the energy expended. The limit to the efficiency of a machine is unity, denoting the efficiency of a perfect machine in which no work is lost. The object of improvements in machines is to bring their efficiency as near to unity as possible.
Էջ xxii - My method of lessening the consumption of steam, and consequently fuel, in fire engines, consists of the tollowing principles : — "First, That vessel in which the powers of steam are to be employed to work the engine, which is called the cylinder...
Էջ xxii - I intend in many cases to employ the expansive force of steam to press on the pistons, or whatever may be used instead of them, in the same manner as the pressure of the atmosphere is now employed in common fire-engines. In cases where cold water cannot be had in plenty, the engines may be wrought by this force of steam only by discharging the steam into the open air, after it has done its office.
Էջ 266 - The proportion of ash in peat charcoal is very variable, and is estimated on an average at about 0-18. II. Coke is the solid material left after evaporating the volatile ingredients of coal, either by means of partial combustion in furnaces called coke ovens, or by distillation in the retorts of gasworks. Coke made in ovens is preferred to gas coke as fuel. It is of a dark grey colour, with slightly metallic lustre, porous, brittle, and hard. The proportion of coke yielded by a given weight of coal...
Էջ 67 - ... and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation, F times d in figure 2.5.
Էջ xxii - ... in common fire-engines, and which I call the steam-vessel, must, during the whole time the engine is at work, be kept as hot as the steam that enters it — first, by enclosing it in a case of wood or any other materials that transmit heat slowly ; secondly, by surrounding it with steam or other heated bodies...
Էջ 6 - For example, the useful work of a marine steam engine in a given time is the product of the resistance opposed by the water to the motion of the ship, into the distance through which she moves : the lost work is that performed in overcoming the resistance of the water to the motion of the propeller through it, the friction of the mechanism, and the other resistances of the engine, and in raising the temperature of the condensation water, of the gases which escape by the chimney, and of adjoining...
Էջ 253 - ... temperature between the fluid particles in contact with one side of the solid plate and those at considerable distances from it. When heat is to be transferred by convection from one fluid to another, through...
Էջ xix - In the history of mechanical art two modes of progress may be distinguished — the empirical and the scientific. Not the practical and the theoretic, for that distinction is fallacious : all real progress in mechanical art, whether theoretical or not, must be practical. The true distinction is this : that the empirical mode of progress is purely and simply practical ; the scientific mode of progress ia at once practical and theoretic.
Էջ 283 - ... of combustion of all the constituents of one pound of the coal. When the firing is conducted with care, but the supply of air insufficient, the waste may be estimated by treating the hydrogen as ineffective; that is, by taking the proportion in which the heat due to the whole of the carbon in the coal is less than the heat due to the carbon and to the hydrogen in excess of that required to form water with the oxygen in the coal. This method of calculation proceeds on the supposition, that the...