(2) Meteorological reports shall be transmitted during flight to the appropriate air traffic control center in the standard report form. The reports of the hourly observations shall be transmitted as requested by the currently responsible flight watch. The reports of the observations made at intermediate times shall be transmitted as soon as possible, if, in the opinion of the person in charge of the aircraft, the condition observed is such as would affect the safety of other aircraft.

(3) These reports shall be disseminated as provided for in Section III of this Annex.

32. Post-Flight Procedure

(a) Action at Destination Airport. The meteorological office at the destination airport shall obtain from the person in command of the aircraft, as soon as possible after arrival, the flight forecast folder, the completed aircraft meteorological report form, and any other pertinent meteorological information.

(b) Action at Intermediate Airports. If a flight is delayed at an intermediate airport, the meteorological office at that airport shall obtain from the person in command of the aircraft the aircraft meteorological report form and any other pertinent meteorological information.

(c) Dissemination of Reports. These reports shall be disseminated as provided for in Section III of this Annex.

33. Simplification of Procedures. For short flights or for flights on routes possessing special ground facilities the meteorological services concerned may dispense with such parts of these procedures as may be mutually agreed upon, subject to the approval of the international organization for air navigation.

SECTION VI

Climatological Information

34. Pressure, Temperature, Wind, Weather. The basic information concerning pressure, temperature, wind, and weather shall be furnished by the monthly and annual summaries published by the different meteorological services in the forms recommended by the International Meteorological Organization.

35. Tables of Frequencies and Means. Owing to their great importance to aeronautics, the summaries listed below shall be prepared for each month of the year by each contracting State, using observations made at certain selected meteorological stations. These summaries shall indicate:

(a) The frequency of occurrence at each station of different degrees of horizontal visibility, for the four principal synoptic hours, or at least three times daily, as near as possible to 0600, 1200, and 1800 hours standard time of the station;

(b) The frequency of occurrence, at each station, of the different heights of base of clouds, for the same times as those chosen for the visibility;

(c) The frequency of occurrence, at each station, of the different directions and speeds of winds at the surface, for the same times as those chosen for the visibility;

(d) The frequency of occurrence, at selected stations, of the different directions and speeds of winds at upper levels, at standard times;

(e) Tables of means for a period of at least five years of pressure, temperature, wind, weather, visibility, heights of base of clouds, surface and upper level wind directions and speeds, shall be provided when possible.

These summaries shall be prepared in the forms and for the heights and limits specified by the International Meteorological Organization.

36. Exchange of Climatological Information. Climatological information shall be exchanged between the official meteorological services of the contracting States. Agencies desiring this information shall make application for it to an official meteorological service of its State.

ANNEX J

AERONAUTICAL MAPS AND CHARTS

DEFINITIONS

(a) Air Information Plate. Upon this plate all aids and hazards to air navigation, as outlined on the approved specification sheet of symbols, shall be shown.

(b) Aeronautical Chart. A representation of the earth, its culture and relief, specifically designed to meet the requirements of air navigation, and upon which have been overprinted in magenta the various aids and hazards (excepting relief) to air navigation.

(c) Airway. A path through airspace, identified by an area on the surface of the earth, designated by a competent authority.

(d) Culture. Culture applies to all facilities constructed on the surface of the earth by man such as cities, railways, canals, et cetera. (e) Isogonic Line or Isogonal. An imaginary line on the surface of the earth at all points on which the magnetic variation is the same.

(f) Relief. The inequalities in elevation of the surface of the earth; represented on the aeronautical charts by contours, gradient tints, shading or spot elevations. Elevations are generally expressed in feet above mean sea level, the one exception on aeronautical charts being that the shore line is the line of high water.

INTRODUCTION

Aeronautical charts to be produced for international use shall conform to the general principles outlined herein.

The detailed specifications are to be used in the production of a series of aeronautical charts of the world. They are applicable particularly to the basic charts, scale 1:1,000,000, but apply also to charts of the other series, except as noted.

No rules are prescribed for national aeronautical charts which will, it is assumed, be produced by the respective countries in accordance with their individual and peculiar needs. Aeronautical symbols shall, however, conform to the symbols specified in this Annex.

Acceptance of the chart series listed herein shall not preclude any nation from producing any type or series of charts which it may require for its own domestic purposes.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Standardization of the aeronautical charts listed below shall represent a minimum international requirement.

(a) A basic aeronautical chart for general operation, contact flight, and related aeronautical purposes on a scale of 1:1,000,000.

(b) Air navigation charts for use in long flights.

(c) Air route charts covering the major airways.

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(d) Local charts of terminal areas and important traffic centers suitable for special operational purposes and special landing facilities. (e) Skeleton charts for special purposes.

DESCRIPTION

The general scope and purpose of aeronautical charts shall be as follows:

(a) The basic aeronautical chart shall comprise the sheets of the 1:1,000,000 scale charts of the world aeronautical chart index produced by the United States of America for military aviation, with such subsequent alterations as experience may require, and as may be agreed upon in the future.

(b) Air navigation charts for use in long flights shall be constructed on a scale not smaller than 1:5,000,000 on either Mercator or Lambert conformal conic projections.

(c) Air route charts shall comprise charts in strip or book form to a scale not smaller than 1:2,000,000 and on that scale covering in general a width of not less than 100 miles on each side of the center line of the airway, currently revised and printed to accommodate the changes in airway facilities.

(d) Local charts shall comprise large scale base charts of terminal areas of suitable size and scale to insure safety in operation and traffic control procedures under the most exacting forms of instrument approach and let-down procedures permissible in the area.

(e) Skeleton charts for special purposes may be produced from the black and drainage plates of the basic aeronautical chart scale 1:1,000,000 or other series, in such form as subsequent developments of air navigation devices may require.

SPECIFICATIONS

Aeronautical charts shall be produced in accordance with the following detailed specifications:

(a) Projection. All charts except the Mercator long range navigation series and very small scale planning charts, and except as noted below, shall be based on the Lambert conformal conic projection. The Mercator long range navigation series shall be constructed with middle latitude to the scale of 1:5,000,000.

(1) Basic charts and charts of larger scale, between 0° and 4° latitude shall be on the Mercator projection. Charts between 4° and 72° latitude shall be on the Lambert conformal conic projection, in the three bands of the international aeronautical chart series. Charts between 72° latitude and the poles shall be on the stereographic projection. The various projection bands are designed to provide practically identical scale along the parallels of junction.

(2) The distance between parallels and meridians for basic charts shall be 30 minutes of latitude, and 30 minutes of longitude to latitude 72°. Above latitude 72°, the longitude interval shall be 1°.

(3) From 0° to latitude 52°, the meridians for each full degree of longitude shall be graduated into 1' intervals.

(4) From 52° to latitude 72°, the meridians for every other degree (even numbers) shall be graduated into 1' intervals; from 72° to latitude 84°, the meridians for every fourth degree (those divisible by 4) shall be graduated into l' intervals.

(5) The parallels for each full degree of latitude shall be graduated into 1' intervals from 0° to latitude 72°, and 5′ intervals from 72° to latitude 84°.

(6) For charts at other scales, meridians and parallels shall be selected for graduation so as to provide a graduated network at about the same spacing on the chart.

(7) All meridians and parallels shall be numbered in the borders of the charts. In addition, each parallel shall be numbered within the body of the chart, once near the center of each fold planned for the chart (except the end folds, for which the marginal lettering will suffice).

(b) Title and Notes. Each chart shall contain the title and notes in the language of the issuing country. Additional notes and other pertinent data shall be printed on the backs of the charts. (c) Compilation, Drafting, and Reproduction

(1) Aeronautical charts are special-purpose charts, specially designed for the use of airmen. Emphasis shall be given to cultural and topographic details of aeronautical importance, even at the expense of features normally of greater importance on an ordinary topographic map.

(2) Shore line and drainage shall normally be shown in dark full-tone blue. Open-water areas and lakes shall be outlined with a solid blue line and covered by a water tint of approximately 133line screen, of % tone value.

(3) For intermittent lakes, the shore line shall be a broken blue line, and the blue screen shall be replaced by a blue cross-rule.

(4) Salt lakes, whether intermittent or perennial, shall be so labeled, parenthetically, below the names.

(5) Double-line streams shall be those for which the actual width can be shown at chart reproduction scale, without exaggeration.

(6) Intermittent double-line streams shall be shown by a fine blue stipple delimited by intermittent stream symbols.

(7) Glaciers and ice caps, regardless of size or area, shall be shown in full and denoted by a dashed outline with light form lines or flow lines on the blue plate. Approximate contour lines shown in brown shall continue across the surface of the glaciers and ice caps. Spot elevations when known shall be shown on the black plate. Areas covered by the glacier symbol should not carry the land tint or gradient tint.

(8) Snow-capped peaks may be indicated as such by a descriptive note below the peak name, in type prescribed for descriptive notes.

(9) Reefs and shoals including rocky ledges, sand, gravel, stone, and all similar areas that are exposed at low tide but covered at high tide, shall be delimited by the danger curve as indicated on the Standard Style Sheet. A fine stipple may be used within the delimited area to indicate sand or gravel.

(10) The danger curve (generally the two-fathom line) shall be shown on all charts for which the information is available, when the scale of the chart is such that it can be shown without undue exaggeration.

(11) A charted isolated rock shall be shown as one symbol, located in its true position; groups of charted rocks shall be shown by a few representative rock symbols within the area.