and medical attention must be furnished. Moderate chastisement, as may be necessary and proper, may be inflicted upon the apprentice by the master. It is unlawful for a master to take an apprentice out of the county without the order of the county judge.

Source: Revised Civil Statutes of 1895, articles 23 to 46.

UTAH.

A minor may be bound out by a parent or guardian, and if the minor is over 12 years of age the indentures must also be signed by him. The probate court or selectmen may bind out an idle, vicious, or vagrant minor child without its consent and without the consent of its parents or guardian, if said parents or guardian neglect, refuse, or otherwise fail in properly controlling the actions and education of such child, and do not train it up in some useful avocation; also a child whose parents, from habitual drunkenness and vicious and brutal conduct, etc., are not deemed suitable persons to retain the guardianship or control the education of it. The board of trustees of the State. Industrial School may bind out children as apprentices with their consent or the consent of their parents or guardians.

Apprentices may be bound until the attainment of the age of legal majority, which is 21 years in the case of males and 18 years in the case of females.

The master is required to send the apprentice to school while between the ages of 8 and 14 years, at least twenty weeks in each year, and to clothe him in a comfortable and becoming manner.

The removal of the master from the State discharges 'the apprenticeship. Source: Revised Statutes of 1898, sections 74 to 83.

VERMONT.

A minor may be bound out by the father, or, if he is dead or incompetent, by the mother or legal guardian; or, if there is no parent competent to act and no guardian, he may bind himself, with the approbation of the selectmen of the town where he resides. If illegitimate, he may be bound by his mother, but the power of a mother to bind out her children, whether legitimate or illegitimate, shall cease upon her subsequent marriage. The overseers of the poor may bind out the minor children of a poor person who has become chargeable to a town, or who is supported in whole or in part at the charge of such town, and minor children who are themselves chargeable to the town. The trustees of the reform school may bind out children committed to said school. Children under 14 years of age may be bound out until that age. A minor over 14 years of age, whose consent is expressed in writing in the indenture, may be bound during minority, or if a girl, until married before becoming of age. The age of majority is 21 years for males and 18 years for females. Inmates of reform schools may be bound only for the terms for which they were committed.

Considerations of money or other things paid or allowed by the master upon a contract of apprenticeship must be paid or secured to the sole use of the apprentice. Parents, guardians, selectmen, and overseers are required to inquire into the treatment of apprentices bound by them respectively, and defend them from cruelty, neglect, and breach of contract on the part of the master.

No indenture of apprenticeship is binding upon the minor after the death of the master.

Source: Statutes of 1894, sections 2829 to 2854, 3187 to 3189, 5189.

VIRGINIA.

A minor may be bound out by the guardian, or, if there is no guardian, by the father, or, if there is neither guardian nor father, by the mother. The consent, entered of record, of the court of the county or corporation in which the minor resides is necessary unless the minor, being 14 years of age, gives his consent in writing. An incorporated association, asylum, or school instituted for the support and education of destitute children, may bind out such children as have been placed in its charge. Overseers of the poor of a county or corporation may, if allowed by order of a court thereof, bind out any minor found begging in such county or corporation, or who is likely to become chargeable thereto.

The term of apprenticeship must continue until the apprentice attains the age of 21 years if a boy and 18 years if a girl. In the case of a minor placed in an asylum, school, etc., he can only be bound for the period for which he was placed in such institution.

An apprentice must be taught, in addition to his trade, reading, writing, and common arithmetic, including the rule of three. The money which the master is to pay for any year except the last, must at the end of the year for which it is payable, be paid to the father or mother, or part to each as the court may direct, or it may be reserved to be paid to the apprentice at the end of the term with interest. The money which the master is to pay for the last year must be paid at the end thereof to the apprentice.

It is unlawful for any person to entice, take, or carry away an apprentice, or knowingly to employ, conceal, or harbor an apprentice who has deserted the service of his master. No apprentice may be taken out of the county by the master without the leave of the county court. If a master takes an apprentice out of the county and remains more than one month, the apprentice ceases to be bound by the indenture.

Source: Code of 1888, sections 2581 to 2596.

WASHINGTON.

The county commissioners may bind out a minor likely to become chargeable to the county, either because of its being an orphan or because its parents or other relatives are unable or refuse to support it.

Source: Codes and Statutes of 1897, section 379.

WEST VIRGINIA.

A minor may be bound out by the father; if there be no father, by the guardian, or, if there is neither father nor guardian, by the mother. The consent, entered of record, of the county court of the county where the minor resides is necessary, unless the minor, being 14 years of age, gives his consent in writing. The clerk of a county may bind out any minor who is found begging therein or who is likely to become chargeable thereto. Male inmates of the reform school may be bound out by the directors of said school.

The term of apprenticeship must be until 21 years of age in the case of a boy and 18 years in the case of a girl.

Besides teaching the apprentice a trade the master is required to instruct him in reading, writing, and common arithmetic. The money which a master is to pay for any year except the last must, at the end of the year for which it is payable, be paid to the father, the mother, or part to each as the court may direct, or it may be reserved to be paid to the apprentice at the end of his term with interest. The money for the last year must be paid to the apprentice.

It is unlawful to conceal or harbor an apprentice who has deserted his master. The master is not permitted to take the apprentice out of the county without the leave of the county court, and if he does so without leave and keeps the apprentice out of the county for more than one month, the continuance of the apprenticeship is optional with the apprentice.

Source: Code of 1899, chapter 81, sections 1 to 14.

WISCONSIN.

A minor may bind himself out of his own free will with the consent of the father, or, if he is dead or not in legal capacity to give consent or shall have abandoned and neglected to provide for his family and such fact be certified by a justice of the peace of the town and indorsed on the indentures, then of the mother; if she is dead or not in a legal capacity to give consent, then of the guardian; if there are no parents living or none in legal capacity to give consent and no guardian, then of the supervisors or any two justices of the peace of the town where the minor resides. If a minor is illegitimate the consent of the mother is necessary whether its putative father is living or not. Minors who have become or are likely to become chargeable to any town may be bound out as apprentices by the supervisors. The managers of the industrial school for boys may bind out those committed to their care with the consent of their parents or guardians, if they have any.

An apprentice may be bound, if a male, until the age of 21 years, and if a female, until the age of 18 years, or until her marriage within that time, or for any shorter period.

The master must obligate himself, in the indenture, to provide for instructing the apprentice in some trade or profession, for teaching him to read and write, for instructing him in the general rules of arithmetic, and for such other instruction, benefit, and allowance as may be agreed upon. At the end of the term he must give the apprentice a new Bible. All considerations of money or other things paid or allowed by the master upon any indenture of apprenticeship must be paid or secured to the sole use of the minor.

It is unlawful to accept from an apprentice any contract or agreement, or to cause him to be bound by oath or otherwise that, after his term of service has expired, he shall not set up his trade, profession, or employment in any particular place, or to exact from an apprentice, after his term of service has expired, any money or other thing for using and exercising his trade, profession, or employment in any place. No indenture is binding upon the minor after the death of the master.

Source: Annotated Statutes of 1898, sections 1511, 2377 to 2394, 4961, 4964.

UNITED STATES.

A Federal act passed January 12, 1895, authorizes the Public Printer to employ such number of apprentices, not to exceed 25 at any one time, as in his judgment is consistent with the economical service of the office.

INDEX.