3. The credit of the State shall not be directly or indirectly loaned in any case.

4. The Legislature shall not, in any manner, create any debt or debts, liability or liabilities, of the State, which shall singly, or in the aggregate with any previous debts or liabilities, at any time exceed one hundred thousand dollars, except for purposes of war, or to repel invasion, or to suppress insurrection, unless the same shall be authorized by a law for some single object or work, to be distinctly specified therein; which law shall provide the ways and means, exclusive of loans, to pay the interest of such debt or liability as it falls due, and also, to pay and discharge the principal of such debt or liability within thirty-five years from the time of the contracting thereof, and shall be irrepealable until such debt or liability, and the interest thereon, are fully paid and discharged; and no such law shall take effect until it shall, at a general election, have been submitted to the people, and have received the sanction of a majority of all the votes cast for and against it at such election; and all money to be raised by the authority of such law shall be applied only to the specific object stated therein, and to the payment of the debt thereby created. This section shall not be construed to refer to any money that has been, or may be deposited with this State by the government of the United States.

SEC. VII-1. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature.

2. No lottery shall be authorized by this State; and no tickets in any lottery not authorized by a law of this State, shall be bought or sold within the State.

3. The Legislature shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or depriving a party of any remedy for enforcing a contract, which existed when the contract was made.

4. To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act, such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in the title.

5. The laws of this State shall begin in the following style: "Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey."

6. The fund for the support of free schools, and all money, stock, and other property, which may hereafter be appropriated for that purpose, or received into the treasury under the provision of any law heretofore passed to augment the said fund, shall be securely invested, and remain a perpetual fund; and the income thereof, except so much as it may be judged expedient to apply to an increase of the capital, shall be annually appropriated to the support of public schools, for the equal benefit of all the people of the State; and it shall not be competent for the Legislature to borrow, appro

priate, or use the said fund, or any part thereof, for any other purpose, under any pretence whatever.

7. No private or special law shall be passed, authorizing the sale of any lands belonging in whole or in part to a minor or minors, or other persons who may at the time be under any legal disability to act for themselves.

8. The assent of three-fifths of the members elected to each house shall be requisite to the passage of every law for granting, continuing, altering, amending, or renewing charters for banks, or money corporations; and all such charters shall be limited to a term not exceeding twenty years.

9. Individuals, or private corporations, shall not be authorized to take private property for public use, without just compensation first made to the owners.

10. The Legislature may vest in the circuit courts, or courts of common pleas, within the several counties of this State, chancery powers, so far as relates to the foreclosure of mortgages, and sale of mortgaged premises.

SEC. VIII-1. Members of the Legislature shall, before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation:

"I do solemnly swear, (or affirm, as the case may be,) that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of New Jersey, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of senator (or member of the General Assembly, as the case may be,) according to the best of my ability."

And members elect of the Senate or General Assembly, are hereby empowered to administer to each other the said oath or affirmation.

ARTICLE V.-Executive.

SEC. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor.

2. The Governor shall be elected by the legal voters of the State. The person having the highest number of votes shall be the Governor; but if two or more shall be equal, and highest in votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor by the votes of the majority of the members of both houses in joint meeting. Contested elections for the office of Governor shall be determined in such manner as the Legislature shall direct by law. When a Governor is to be elected by the people, such election shall be held at the time when, and at the places where the people shall respectively vote for members of the Legislature.

3. The Governor shall hold his office for three years, to commence on the third Tuesday of January next ensuing the election for Governor by the people, and to end on the Monday preceding the third Tuesday of January, three years thereafter; and he shall be incapable of holding that office for three years next after his term of service shall have expired; and no appointment or nomination to

office shall be made by the Governor during the last week of his said term.

4. The Governor shall not be less than thirty years of age, and shall have been, for twenty years, at least, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of this State seven years next before his clection, unless he shall have been absent during that time, on the public business of the United States, or of this State.

5. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall be neither increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected.

6. He shall be the commander-in-chief of all the military and naval forces of the State; he shall have power to convene the Legislature, whenever, in his opinion, public necessity requires it; he shall communicate, by message, to the Legislature at the opening of each session, and at such other times as he may deem necessary, the condition of the State, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and grant, under the great seal of the State. commissions to all such officers as shall be required to be commissioned.

7. Every bill which shall have passed both houses, shall be presented to the Governor: if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have orignated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to re-consider it; if, after such re-consideration, a majority of the whole number of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by whom it shall likewise be re-considered, and if approved of by a majority of the whole number of that house, it shall become a law; but in neither house shall the vote be taken on the same day on which the bill shall be returned to it and in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor, within five days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

8. No member of Congress, or person holding an office under the United States, or this State, shall exercise the office of Governor; and in case the Governor, or person administering the government, shall accept any office under the United States, or this State, his office of Governor shall thereupon be vacant.

9. The Governor, or person administering the government, shall have power to suspend the collection of fines and forfeitures, and to grant reprieves, to extend until the expiration of a time not exceeding ninety days after conviction; but this power shall not extend to cases of impeachment.

10. The Governor, or person administering the government, the

Chancellor, and the six judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, or a major part of them, of whom the Governor, or the person administering the government shall be one, may remit fines and forfeitures, and grant pardons after conviction, in all cases except impeachment.

11. The Governor, and all other civil officers under this State, shall be liable to impeachment for misdemeanor in office, during their continuance in office, and for two years thereafter.

12. In case of the death, resignation, or removal from office of the Governor, the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate; and in case of his death, resignation, or removal, then upon the Speaker of the House of Assembly, for the time being, until another Governor shall be elected and qualified; but in such case, another Governor shall be chosen at the next election for members of the Legislature, unless death, resignation, or removal shall occur within thirty days immediately preceding such next election, in which case a Governor shall be chosen at the second succeeding election for members of the Legislature. When a vacancy happens, during the recess of the Legislature, in any office which is to be filled by the Governor and Senate, or by the Legisla ture in joint meeting, the Governor shall fill such vacancy, and the commission shall expire at the end of the next session of the Legislature, unless a successor shall be sooner appointed: when a vacancy happens in the office of clerk or surrogate of any county, the Governor shall fill such vacancy, and the commission shall expire when a successor is elected and qualified.

13. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his absence from the State, or inability to discharge the duties of his office, the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate; and in case of his death, resignation, or removal, then upon the Speaker of the House of Assembly for the time being, until the Governor, absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted, or until the disqualification or inability shall cease, or until a new Governor be elected and qualified.

14. In case of a vacancy in the office of Governor, from any other cause than herein enumerated, or in case of the death of the Governor elect, before he is qualified into office, the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office shall devolve upon the President of the Senate, or Speaker of the House of Assembly, as above provided for, until a new Governor be elected and qualified.

ARTICLE VI.-Judiciary.

SEC. I-1. The judicial power shall be vested in a Court of Errors and Appeals, in the last resort in all causes, as heretofore; a Court for the trial of Impeachments; a Court of Chancery; a Prerogative Court; a Supreme Court; circuit courts, and such inferior courts as now exist, and as may be hereafter ordained and estab

lished by law; which inferior courts the Legislature may alter or abolish, as the public good shall require.

SEC. II-1. The Court of Errors and Appeals shall consist of the Chancellor, the justice of the Supreme Court, and six judges, or a major part of them; which judges are to be appointed for six years.

2. Immediately after the court shall first assemble, the six judges shall arrange themselves in such manner that the seat of one of them shall be vacated every year, in order that thereafter one judge may be annually appointed.

3. Such of the six judges as shall attend the court shall receive, respectively, a per diem compensation, to be provided by law.

4. The Secretary of State shall be clerk of this court.

5. When an appeal from an order or decree shall be heard, the Chancellor shall inform the court, in writing, of the reasons for his order or decree; but he shall not sit as a member, or have a voice in the hearing or final sentence.

6. When a writ of error shall be brought, no justice who has given a judicial opinion in the cause, in favor of or against any error complained of, shall sit as a member, or have a voice on the hearing, or for its affirmance or reversal; but the reasons for such opinion shall be assigned to the court in writing.

SEC. III-1. The House of Assembly shall have the sole power of impeaching, by a vote of a majority of all the members; and all impeachments shall be tried by the Senate: the members, when sitting for that purpose, to be on oath or affirmation "truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question according to evidence" and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members of the Senate.

2. Any judicial officer impeached shall be suspended from exercising his office until his acquittal.

3. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend farther than to removal from office and to disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, profit, or trust under this State; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, and punishment, according to law.

4. The Secretary of State shall be the clerk of this court.

SEC. IV-1. The Court of Chancery shall consist of a Chancellor. 2. The Chancellor shall be the ordinary, or surrogate general, and judge of the Prerogative Court.

3. All persons aggrieved by any order, sentence, or decree of the Orphans' Court, may appeal from the same, or from any part thereof, to the Prerogative Court; but such order, sentence, or decree shall not be removed into the Supreme Court, or Circuit Court, if the subject matter thereof be within the jurisdiction of the Orphans' Court. 4. The Secretary of State shall be the register of the Prerogative