In the very south-east corner of Thomaston, we see more of this quartz rock, dipping 55° N. 40° W., and in the south part of the city limits of Rockland the dip is 60° N. 70° W., and 40° S. 70° E. The latter example is the furthest south. Much mica is associated with the quartz here, and all along through Rockland. The city is situated upon this rock, and we find indications of an anticlinal axis there from our notes-one observation of the dip being 60° N. 60° W., and the other 60° southeasterly. It is exhibited in Fig. 38. The quartz rock beyond Rockland passes beneath the bay till it rises again at Jameson's point. It is supposed to occupy the whole of this projection of land, and to be cut off again at Clam cove in Camden. Figs. 39 and 40 show its relation to the schists. North of Clam cove the quartz layers dip 70° N. W. Where this rock appears still further north, to its utmost limit, it is a hyaline or glassy variety, precisely like the typical "granular quartz" of Emmons. A great boss of it a mile south of Rockport dips apparently 30° S. E. It may be traced along the whole shore to the inmost corner of Rockport harbor, and would make at almost any portion of its course, an excellent material for the manufacture of glass..

Explanation of the
Figure.

The scale of this map is the same as that of the Map of Waldo County. The space covered by crosses represents gneiss; the perpendicular or N. & S. lines represent quartz rock; the horizontal lines represent Eolian limestone; the checked surface represents silicious slates and slaty quartz; the lines inclining to the right represent a micaceous quartzite or schist; the lines inclining to the left are Taconic schists. The oval space in the centre represents Lily pond.

About Rockport the details of its distribution are more interesting. In general the shape of the formation may be seen in Fig. 36. Just south of the village its width quadruples; and in less than two miles to the west it has thinned out entirely. It is an important fact, as learned from this map, that the formation makes a bend of a right angle, running westerly instead of northerly. Another interesting fact is illustrated by a small patch of quartz rock on the east side of the harbor. It is triangular in shape, and not more than half a dozen rods wide, but it has been elevated so as to stand side by side with a newer rock-a mass of strata that has been elevated vertically. Consequently there is what is called a fault between the two rocks, and we can see here the smoothed vertical surfaces of both rocks where they rubbed against each other during this vertical motion. Another fault is also shown upon both sides of the harbor in connection with the quartz, where the argillo-micaceous schist is displaced. Here too it is the quartz that appears to have been elevated.

In the first case the course of the fault is N. 10° E.; the quartz rock dips 30° S. E., while the adjacent wrinkled slaty rock dips 20° N. 80° E. In the second example the dip of the two rocks is equally variable, the former dipping 60° S. 70° E., and the latter 50° N. 20° W. It is probable that the cause of these dislocations is to be found in the bending of the course of the formation westwardly. Perhaps its original course was more to the northward.

The characters of this rock show finely south of Goose river, on the road to Rockland. Adjacent to the river the quartz is very thin bedded, and dips northerly about 12°. A few rods south the massive hyaline quartz dips 40° northerly. This rock appears in numerous bosses among the houses and gardens in this part of the village. The position a mile west of Rockport is similar to that just noticed.

The more slaty portion of the quartz is above the rest; and upon the north side of the harbor, it is more largely developed, often a real silicious slate. Upon Fig. 36 it is distinguished from the rest of the formation, and is somewhat disturbed by faults, as already indicated. Many of the layers are calcareous, and exceedingly contorted. In order from south-east to north-west are the following dips: 40° N. 80° E., 55° S. E., 20° N. 10° E., 40° N. 70° W., and 78° easterly. As the distance passed over is less than half a mile, these various dips indicate disturbances. Be

tween Lily pond and a small church this rock occurs, and has interstratified with it a few layers of conglomerate, some of whose constituent pebbles have been flattened and elongated in the direction of the strike. They dip 45° N. 70° E. That part of this rock which is situated nearest the river, in the central portions of the village, merges into a greenish schist, having a small easterly dip; while the more northern portions, as on the road to Camden, are dark silicious slates and black slaty quartz rock, dipping 45° N. 40° E. West of the bridge in Rockport the dip of this slaty quartz is northerly.

Two islands off Beauchamp's point are represented upon our map in Fig. 36, the lowest one, Lowell's rock, being entirely. composed of quartz rock; and the other, Indian island, having a micaceous schist with the quartz.

Concerning the belt of quartz rock in Rockland which lies between two belts of limestone but little need be said. A reference to the map will show its situation, and Fig. 39 will show its stratigraphical relations. It appears to constitute an anticlinal axis, underlying both bands of limestone. This rock constitutes the foundation of the highest hill north-west from Rockland, or where the Fourth Regiment M. V. M. was encamped last summer.

Mount Battie is an immense pile of consolidated distorted pebbles, and belongs to this formation, since the rock is pure silica, and seems to be of the same age. Last year we said something about this mountain under the erroneous name of Megunticook mountain. The latter name belongs to the granitic pile behind Battie, of still grander proportions. Mount Battie is exceedingly precipitous-it being impossible to ascend it on the east and south sides. The strata are very obscure, although at almost every step the pebbles composing them are obvious. Upon the south and east sides of the mountain the strata appear to dip southerly and easterly at a small angle, and they are thus represented in the section, Fig. 41, Professor Emmons estimates the dip at 25° S. E.

Those who are interested in the exhibition of distorted pebbles in conglomerate may find examples upon Mount Battie. would not represent this case as a typical one; i. e., one where the phenomena are in the greatest perfection. Still the proximity of this locality to frequented routes of travel makes it a good one to visit. The finest examples of these distortions occur in the less frequented parts of the State, as in Rangely. These pebbles on

Mt. Battie are all small, and are not always elongated or flattened. But the localities of the altered ones are so common that we think no one could fail to discover them. Good examples were seen on the top of the mountain, both at the south and northern ends. Two sets of joints cross the strata-one running N. 75° W., and the other N. 10° E.-which sometimes cut the pebbles in two. Our last year's estimate of the thickness of the strata of this mountain at 500 feet we will not change. The height of the mountain is about 1,000 feet above the bay at its base. One can hardly resist the conviction that Mounts Battie and Megunticook have been elevated to their present height by a "convulsion of nature," rather than the quiet and gradual way in which ranges of mountains are normally elevated. The section in Fig. 41 confirms this view; for what is more likely than that the quartz rock in Rockport, bb, forms a great synclinal axis with 7, the conglomerate of Mt. Battie? The fault then must be found, if anywhere, between k and l.

In Fig. 38 a narrow band of quartz rock is exhibited west of the Meadow's quarries in Thomaston. Whether this is to be considered a part of the formation we have been describing, or as a member of the Taconic, schists, we know not. We had not time to trace it through its whole extent, still we think it quite limited. It dips 50° N. 50° W., or away from the limestone. Still it may be repeated by an anticlinal, which we suppose to exist, although the rocks cannot be seen, before the limestone is reached, and thus underlie it in the normal way. Some of these quartz layers are calcareous, and resemble dark siliceous slate. Others are bright colored; and some show the constituent grains of silica distinctly. The mica schist to the west has a still higher dip in the same direction. The belt is a dozen rods wide.

5. Eolian Limestone.

The name suggested by Professor Emmons for the principal belt of Taconic Limestone, was Stockbridge Limestone, from the town of Stockbridge, in western Massachusetts, where are large quarries of marble. For geological reasons my father suggested* a change

*See Final Report upon the Geology of Vermont, Vol. 1,

page 395.

in the name of the group to Eolian Limestone, and we adopt it

here. The name is derived from Mount Eolus in Dorset, Vt. Emmons applied the name Stockbridge Limestone to the limestones in Thomaston and Camden twenty years ago. There are three large belts of Eolian limestone in this region of country to be described--and, indeed, we know of no others in the whole State. The largest extends from the State's Prison in Thomaston nearly to Chickawakie pond in Camden. Another is in Rockland. A third is in Camden. Besides these, in Thomaston and South Thomaston are several large and

small beds of limestone

FIG. 38.

с

Section through Meadows Quarries to Owl's Head Bay.

bbb. Taconic argillo mica schist. Taconic limestone. aaa. Quartz rock.

Meadows quarries.

S. W. point of Owl's Head bay. fff. Small faults in the limestone.

9

22

cc.

the limestone belts and beds in Thomaston and Rockland. They will give the relations of the different rocks to one another much better than detailed descriptions.

These sections are very important, as they show the relations of all the beds of limestone, in Rockland, Thomaston and South Thomaston, to all the rocks in the vicinity. They are all drawn parallel to one another,

Section from Oyster River in Warren to Ash Point in South Thomaston.

Saw mill on Oyster river. Beechwoods quarries. South Thomaston.

m. Ash Point.