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SUPPLEMENT TO ESSAY IV.

On tranflating the Greek Language, used by the Writers of the New Teftament.

HE author hath judged it neceffary to make the following additions to Effay iv, for establishing more fully the translations which he hath given of the Greek particles, &c. as used by the writers of the New Testament, because, as he hath more than once remarked already, by rightly tranflating the Greek particles, most important alterations have been made in the fenfe of many paffages of the apoftolical epiftles, whereby the meaning of these paffages hath been placed in a more clear, unambiguous, and beautiful light, than formerly. Wherefore, if the reader is of opinion, that the meaning of any Greek word mentioned in Eff. iv, is not fufficiently established by the examples there produced, he is defired to confult this supple

ment.

N. B. The paragraphs of Eff. 4. being all numbered, the figures prefixed to the following additions, point out the paragraphs of that Efay to which they belong.

No. 1. Active verbs express the agent's attempt or intention, &c. John i. 9. That was the true light which lighteth, which is defigned to light, every man that cometh into the world.—Rom. ii. 4. Not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth, is defigned to lead, thee to repentance. 1 John i. 10. If we fay we have not finned, we make, we attempt to make, him a liar.-Rev. xii. 9. Called the Devil and Satan, who deceiveth, who endeavours to deceive, the whole world.

4. Active verbs exprefs, not the doing but the permission of a thing. 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. The anger of the Lord was moved against

Ifrael,

Ifrael, and he moved David, that is, permitted David to be moved by Satan against Ifrael: as is plain from 1 Chron. xxi. 1. And Satan flood up against Ifrael, and provoked David to number Ifrael.

9.-1. The fubjive mode put for the indicative. 2 Cor. xiii. 9. We are glad (όταν κει; ανθεωμεν, ύμείς δε δύνατοι ητε) when we are weak, and ye are frong.

2. The infinitive with the artichrefixed, is put for the fubjundlive. Philip. iii. 10. T8 yvwval, That I may know him, and the power of his refurrection.*

3. Alfo for the correfponding fubftantive noun. Philip. iii. 21. Κατά την ενέργειαν τε δύνασθαι αυτόν. According to that strong working whereby he is able even to fubdue all things.

10.-1. Buxtorff, in his Thefaur. p. 91. obferves, that among the Hebrews, "Frequentiffima eft temporum commutatio et "enallage, ut preteriti pro futuro, et futuri pro preterito: et in "continuata fententia fequens tempus trahitur plerumque in "naturam precedentis."

2. The preterite used for the future. Col. ii. 13. You being dead through the fins and the uncircumcifion of your flesh, (Juve (woTono) he hath, he will make alive together with him; with Chrift. -Jude ver. 11. Kaтwhovтo,) And have perished) fball perif in the rebellion of Korah.

12.-1. The prefent tenfe put for the preterite. 1 John iii. 8. The devil finneth (hath finned) from the beginning.

2. Alfo for the future. 1 Cor. xi. 24. This is my body (TO TEL (το υπερ Spy xpsvov) which is broken, (which fhall be broken; or, which is about to be brok n) for you.

15.-1. The Greek participles have fometimes an adverfative fenfe. Heb. xi. 13. All thefe died in faith (un nabortes) though they did not receive the things promifed. For, feeing them afar off, &c.-Jude ver. 5. I will therefore put you in remembrance, (edores) though we once knew this, &c. *

2. The participle is put for the prefent '0 Who is God over all. *

ων,

of the indicative. Rom. Rev. i. 8. I am Alpha

ix. 5.
and Omega, ( wv) which is, and which was.

*

3. Beza, in his note on 2 John ver. 7. faith, the participle of the imperfect of the indicative, is ufed in innumerable places for the aorist. See 2 John ver. 7. note 1.

18.-1. When

18.-1. When one fubftantive governs another, the latter muft be tranflated as an explication of the former Iliad A. line 350. Ποιον σε επος φευγεν εςκος οδόντων, What kind of fpeech hath efcaped the guard of your teeth? That is, your teeth which are a guard, namely to your tongue.

For

19.-1. Two fubftantives joined by a copulative particle, muft be translated in regimen. Philip. i. 25. Eis Thy jμor agona) Ha χαραν της πίσεως. For your furtherance and joy of faith. * the advancement of the joy of your faith." 21.-1. Genders of nouns. The neuter is fometimes put for the mafculine. Gal. iii. 22. But the fcripture hath but up together (τa пavτα, all things) all men under fin. Ephef. i. 10. To gather together (τa navτα) all men, Jews and Gentiles, under Chrift-2 Theff. ii. 6. And ye know (To natεov) what now (το κατεχον) reftraineth; ye know the person who now reftraineth.

I

22.-1. The facred writers, to render their difcourfe of greater extent, fometimes put the relative in the plural number, notwithstanding its antecedent is in the fingular number. John v. 16. If any one fee bis brother finning a fin not unto death, let him afk God, and he will grant to him life for thefe, &c.

Επαγ

24.-2. Genitive cafe denoting poffeffion. Rom. xv. 8. EnαуVemas Haτegwv, Promifes belonging to the fathers. Ephef. iii. 1. Paul Copios T8 Xgry) a prifoner belonging to Christ Jesus.

3. Denoting the end for which a thing is done, or fuffered. Philemon ver. 13. He might minifler to me (ev tas dioμais T8 EUXYYEÀIX) in these bonds for the gospel.

27.—1. Comparison in the third degree, by a repetition of the word. Eph. ii. 4. Through his great love with which he loved us : that is, through his exceeding great love.-James v. 17. Ka пçо ̄εVXṆ пçaσNVÉαro. And (he prayed with prayer, that is,) he prayed earnestly. See alfo Ephef. vi. 18.

31.-1. All, fignifies fometimes a confiderable part only. John iv. 29. Come fee Come fee a man who told me all things that ever I did.—Acts i. 1. All that Jefus began both to do and teach.-1 Cor. ii. 15. The fpiritual man examineth indeed all things.-1 Cor. ix. 22. To all I have become all things.-Wherefore Pet. iv. 7. The end of all things hath approached; fignifies the end of the Jewish church and state only.

41.-1. Elect,

41.-1. Elect, elected, in the following paffages may fignify approved. Rom. xvi. 13. Rufus (enλentov ev Kugiw) the approved by the Lord.-Col. iii. 12. Put on therefore (ws enλENTOI TY OE8) as perfons approved of God, holy, and beloved, bowels of mer

cies.

59.-1. Walk. In fcripture, one's moral conduct is denoted by the metaphor of walking, because as walking in a road ends in one's arrival at a place, fo his moral conduct will at length end, either in happiness or in mifery to him.

60.-1. Word, (λoyos) sometimes denotes eloquence. 2 Cor. viii. 7. Therefore as ye abound in faith (xas roy) and in eloquence. -Ephef. vi. 19. That (20yos) eloquence may be given me in the opening of my mouth.

2. Aoyos, a promife. Tit. i. 3. Hath manifefted (ToV XOYOV AUTY) bis promife, by preaching with which I am entrusted. See note 1. on this verse.

3. Λογος, a prayer. 1 Kings xvii. 1. Elijah faid to Ahab, As the Lord God of Ifrael liveth, before whom I ftand, there fhall not be dew nor rain these three years, but according to my word; my prayer. See James v. 17. note 2.

4. Aoyos, a doctrine. Tit. i. 9. Holding faft (T8 158 λoys) the true doctrine.

*

5. Aoyos, an history, a narration, a difcourfe. a narration, a difcourfe. Acts i. 1. The former (oyov) treatife or narration.-2 Pet. ii. 3. Will make merchandife of you (πλaorois λoyois) by fictitious tales.

6. Aoyos, an appearance or fbew of a thing. things have indeed (λoyov) a fhew of wisdom.*

Col. ii. 23. Which

63.-1. The relative pronouns refer to the remote antecedent. Luke xxiii. 14. I have found no fault in this man.-15. No nor yet Herod; for I sent you to him, and lo nothing worthy of death is done by him. Not Herod, who is last mentioned, but Jesus, who is mentioned ver. 14.-1 Cor. xv. 25. For he must reign till (auros) he (God, who is mentioned in the preceding verfe) hath put all the enemies under his feet.

one another.

65.-1. The pronoun ixvros, is often used in the fenfe of aranaos, 1 Cor. vi. 7. Ye go to law (uɛd' auTwv) one with See alfo Ephef. iv. 19. 32. v. 19.-Col. iii. 16.1 Theff. v. 13.Jude ver. 20.-John vii. 35.

another. *

66.-1. The

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