ed by the Swifs guards, a moft bloody conflict took place, which terminated in the total defeat and deftruction of the guards, and the complete triumph of the Parifians. The king at the commencement of the engagement had—not certainly in the fpirit of Henry IV.-made his retreat across the gardens of the Tuilleries, with the queen, to the hall of the affembly, who continued their fitting in the midst of this unexampled scene of terror and confusion, and the inceffant noife of mufquetry and cannon. All freedom of deliberation was now at an end. A decree paffed without debate, declaring the executive power fufpended, and fummoning a national convention to meet on the 20th of September. The king and queen meanwhile were committed clofe prifoners to the temple. A most fpirited juftificatory declaration of the measure of fufpenfion was published by the affembly, concluding with these words: "We have difcharged our duty in feizing with courage on the only means of preferving liberty that occurred to our confideration; we fhall be fpared remorfe at least, nor fhall we have to reproach ourselves with having feen a means of faving our country and not having em braced it." On the following day a new provifional executive council was appointed, confifting of the popular ministers Roland, Servan, and Claviere, difmiffed by the king; to whom was added M. Le Brun, as minifter of foreign affairs. M. Luckner, M. Dumourier now acting in the capacity of general in the army, and the other commanders, fubmitted with readinefs to the authority of the affembly. M. Fayette alone attempted resistance; but finding himself wholly unfupported by his troops, he was obliged to make a precipitate efcape. Being intercepted in his flight, and delivered up to the Pruffians, he was committed close prifoner to the fortrefs of Spandau, where he has been treated with a feverity not to be wholly afcribed to the part taken taken by him in the late revolution. The combined armies of Auftria and Pruffia in the mean time made a rapid and alarming progrefs. The town of Longwy furren dered on the 21st of Auguft, and in a few days afterwards that of Verdun; yet even in these circumstances the nati onai affembly had the magnanimity to declare war against the king of Sardinia, who had given repeated and flagrant proofs of his hostile disposition towards France. Since the depofition of the king the prifons had been filled with perfons accufed or fufpected of difaffection to the exifting government; and a fort of phrenfy feizing the populace on the expected approach of the duke, the pri-, fons were forced open on the night of the 2d of September, and a moft horrid and indifcriminate maffacre of the prifoners took place. It is faid that, application being made on this occafion to M. Danton, minifter of JUSTICE, to interpofe his authority in order to put a stop to these deteftable enormities, he replied, "When the people have done their part I will perform mine." On the 20th of September the national convention met at Paris, and a decree immediately paffed by acclamation. for the eternal abelition of royalty in France. Such had been the infidious negligence of the court, that the country was wholly unprepared for its defence; and M. Dumourier, to whom the deftiny of France was now entrusted, could fcarcely oppofe thirty thoufand men to the army of the duke of Brunfwic, confifting of eighty thoufand, With this fmall force he determined to make his ftand at the foreft of Argonne, the paffes of which after repeated attempts the duke found himself unable to force. The French army receiving continual reinforcements, and the Pruffians fuffering under the united evils of sickness and famine, he was compelled to the humiliating neceffity of commencing his retreat on the ift of October, and by the 48th the Auftrian and Pruffian armies had completely eva cuated cuated France*. By this time the French arms were triumphant in every quarter. General Montefquiou entering Savoy on the 20th of September, was received with joyful acclamation at Chamberri the capital, and the whole country fubmitted almost without refiftance. On the other fide, the fortress of Montalban and the entire county of Nice were conquered by general Anfelm. On the banks of the Rhine general Custine distinguished himself by the most brilliant fucceffes-reducing fucceffively the cities of Worms, Spire, Mentz, and Frankfort. Early in November general Dumourier entered the Auftrian Netherlands; and on the 5th of November, a day facred to liberty, attacking the Austrian entrenchments at Jemappe near Mons, he gained a moft complete and fignal victory, the confequences of which were decifive as to the fate of the Netherlands. Mons inftantly furrendered. Tournay, Oftend, Ghent, and Antwerp foon followed; and on the 14th the French general made his triumphal entry into Bruffels. And before the end of the year, the whole of the Auftrian low countries, Luxembourg only excepted, together with the city and territory of Leige, were fubjected by the victorious arms of France. Such were * The noble ODE of Buchanan on the retreat of the emperor Charles V. from Metz, addreffed to Henry II. king of France, is admirably ap plicable to the retreat of Brunfwic, and the triumph of Dumourier. "Tu bellicofæ dux bone Galliæ Indomito laqueos furori. Quis vultus illi? qui dolor intimis Sic unda rupes fævit in obvias; Dente fuas furit in catenas." were the astonishing effects of that glorious enthusiasm, which can only be inspired by the love of FREEDOM*! " In the midst of the exultation occafioned by this unexampled series of triumphs, a decree was paffed by acclamation in the affembly November 19, 1792, in the following terms:- "The national convention declare, in the name of the French nation, that they will grant fraternity and affistance to all thofe people who wish to procure liberty. And they charge the executive power to fend orders to the generals to give affiftance to fuch people; and to defend citizens who have fuffered and are now fuffering in the caufe of liberty." This famous decree, which deferved to be considered in no other light than as a magnificent and empty vaunt, was productive of very strange and ferious confequences. Two other decrees of the affembly alfo demand a fpecific notice the one erecting the Duchy of Savoy into an 84th department of the French republic, contrary to a fundamental article of the conftitution, by which the renounced all foreign conquefts: the other, on the capture of Antwerp, declaratory of the freedom of navigation on the river Scheldt. Before *Long had the giant-form on Gallia's plains Round his large limbs were wound a thousand strings, Ploughfhares his fwords, and pruning-hooks his fpears; And gathers in its fhade the living WORLD. DARWIN'S BOTANIC GARDEN. Before we revert to the affairs of Great Britain, it may be proper tranfiently to notice the fituation of the different powers of Europe not actually engaged in the crufade against France. Great pains had been taken by the courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg to engage the republic of Poland in the laft war again ft Turkey; and the king of Poland had been perfonally prefent at the memorable interview of Cherfon. But the fervile dependency on Ruffia, in which the republic had been held fince the æra of the acceffion of Stanislaus, was odious to the Poles; and a new intereft-that of PRUSSIA-had lately gained the afcendency in the diet, under the favorable aufpices of which Poland feemed for a time to recover fome fhare of importance in the European scale of power. The propofition of war was rejected; and a treaty of amity and defenfive alliance concluded with Pruffia February 1790. In the diet held at Warfaw May 1791, a new constitutional code was announced and promulgated, to the great joy of the nation, deeply fenfible of the evils refulting from her former inefficient and defective form of government. By the new formula the crown of Poland was declared to be hereditary, and the executive power vested folely in the monarch. The privileges of the aristocracy were circumfcribed within narrower limits, and the bleffings of liberty in fome degree extended to the mafs of the people. The king of Pruffia, by his ambaffador at Warsaw, formally congratulated the king and the republic of Poland on this happy event. But foon the fcene totally changed. The emprefs of Ruffia declared her entire disapprobation of the late revolution, and, as the guarantee of the former conftitution, ordered an army of one hundred thousand men to enter the territories of the republic. Finding no force fufficient to ftop, or fcarcely to impede their progrefs, the Ruffian generals proceeded to Warfaw; and the whole country being now in their hands, the new |