Government, or to such Russian officers or subjects as they may apply for." ARTICLE III.—(Rights of inhabitants.)-" The inhabitants of the ceded territory, according to their choice, reserving their natural allegiance, may return to Russia within three years; but, if they should prefer to remain in the ceded territory, they, with the exception of uncivilized native tribes, shall be admitted to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, and immunities of citizens of the United States, and shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion. The uncivilized tribes will be subject to such laws and regulations as the United States may from time to time adopt in regard to aboriginal tribes of that country." ARTICLES IV. and V.-Delivery of territory and military posts. ARTICLE VI. (Payment-Territory to be unincumbered.)— Amount to be paid, 66 seven million two hundred thousand dollars in gold." And the territory to be "unincumbered by any reservations, privileges, franchises, grants, or possessions, etc." ARTICLE VII.-Ratifications.1 Signed by WILLIAM H. SEWARD. OTHER EUROPEAN STATES. [The end aimed at in this collection of treaties and conventions is to select those which have a historical interest for the student of American diplomacy as well as those which are or have been representative of the commercial and foreign policy of the United States. For this object, it is not deemed necessary to insert a great number of treaties which are simply repetitions of one another, and this is true more especially of commercial treaties. Of the treaties with European countries 1 Other treaties with Russia are a treaty of commerce and navigation, in 1832, and a treaty of extradition, 1893. See Extradition Treaties. not given above in this group, the following brief statement is, therefore, believed to be sufficient.] AUSTRIA-HUNGARY-.(1) The first treaty with Austria was one of Commerce and Navigation, concluded August 27, 1829, extended by the convention of May 8, 1848, to the subject of the disposal of property by the citizens of one nation in the territory of the other. (2) A treaty of Extradition, July 3, 1856. (See Extradition Treaties.) (3) A consular convention, July 11, 1870. (See Consular Conventions). (4) A convention concerning Naturalization, September 20, 1870. (See Naturalization Treaties). (5) A Convention relative to trade-marks, November 25, 1871. BELGIUM. (1) Treaties of Commerce and Navigation, November 10, 1845; July 17, 1858, and March 8, 1875. (2) A convention relative to import duties and capitalization of the Scheldt Dues. By the 14th article of this convention, "The United States, in view of the proposition of Belgium to regulate, by a common accord, the capitalization of the Scheldt dues consents to contribute to this capitalization under the following conditions: "a. The capital sum shall not exceed thirty-six millions of francs. "b. Belgium shall assume for its part one-third of that amount. "c. The remainder shall be apportioned among the other States, pro rata to their navigation in the Scheldt. "d. The proportion of the United States, to be determined in accordance with this rule, shall not exceed the sum of two millions seven hundred and seventy-nine thousand francs, etc." (3) Treaty for the Extinguishment of the Scheldt dues, July 20, 1863. By this treaty Belgium, and the Netherlands renounce forever the dues established upon navigation, in the Scheldt and its mouths, and the king of the Belgians engages to pay the sum of 17,141,640 florins. The proportion of the United States is regulated by the treaty of May 20, 1863. (4) Naturalization Convention, November 16, 1868. (See Naturalization Treaties.) (5) Consular Convention, December 5, 1868. (See Consular Conventions.) (6) Extradition Treaties, March 19, 1874, and June 13, 1882. (See Extradition Treaties.) (7) Convention concerning trade-marks, 1884. GERMAN EMPIRE.-Convention respecting consuls and trademarks, negotiated by George Bancroft and B. König, December 11, 1871. (See Consular Conventions.) GERMAN STATES.-Treaties with the minor German States concerning the subjects of (1) the Abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine, (2) Consuls, (3) Extradition, and (4) Naturalization, will be found mentioned under the special groups of treaties relating to those subjects. With Hanover, treaties of Commerce and Navigation were concluded, May 20, 1840, and June 10, 1816. With the Hanseatic Republics (Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg), a treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, December 20, 1827, and an additional article, June 4, 1828. These States now form a part of the German Empire. GREECE. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, December 10-22, 1837. NETHERLANDS.—(1) Treaty of Amity and Commerce, negotiated by John Adams, October 8, 1782. This treaty followed closely the Plan of Treaties and is practically the same as the Treaty of Commerce with France, of 1778. It is interesting historically in that it was negotiated and concluded during the period of the war of independence, and from the fact that the Netherlands was the second State with which the United States entered into treaty relations. (2) Convention concerning vessels recaptured. It is agreed by this treaty that vessels of either nation recaptured by privateers of the other shall be restored to the first proprietor, if such vessels have not been twenty-four hours in the hands of the enemy, on the payment of one-third of the value of ship and cargo to the captor as salvage; if more than twenty-four hours in the hands of the enemy, they shall belong entirely to the captor. In case the vessel recapturing is a ship of war, the captured vessel shall be restored to the owner, he paying one-thirtieth part if recaptured within twenty-four hours, and one tenth part, if after twenty-four hours possession by the enemy. (3) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, January 19, 1839, and August 26, 1852, which are still in force. (4) Consular Treaties, January 22, 1855, and May 23, 1878. (See Consular Conventions.) (5) Extradition of Criminals. (See Extradition Treaties.) PORTUGAL.—(1) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, August 26, 1840. (2) Treaty providing for the payment of claims and the settlement of the dispute with reference to the General Armstrong, February 26, 1851. The sum of $91,727 was to be paid by Portugal in settlement of claims; and the case of the General Armstrong was to be referred to a friendly power. By a subsequent agreement the Emperor Napoleon III. was chosen, and the decision was in favor of Portugal. (See Snow's Cases and Opinions on International Law, § 38.) ROUMANIA.-Convention concerning the Rights and Duties of Consuls, June 17, 1881. SARDINIA. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, November 26, 1838. Articles XV., XVI., and XVII. refer to the rights and duties of consuls; Article XVIII. to the disposal of personal property and real estate. SERVIA. (1) Convention for facilitating and developing commercial relations, October 14, 1881. (2) Consular Convention, October 14, 1881. SWEDEN. Treaty of Amity and Commerce, April 3, 1783. This treaty is similar to the previous commercial treaties with France and the Netherlands. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.-(1) Treaty of Amity and Commerce, September 4, 1816. The Senate rejected the 3d, 4th, and 6th articles relating to reciprocal trade. (2) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, July 4, 1827 (still in force). (3) Extradition, March 21, 1860. (4) Naturalization, May 26, 1869. SWISS CONFEDERATION.-(1) Convention for the mutual abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine and taxes on Emigration, May 18, 1847. (See Droit d'Aubaine.) (2) Friendship, Commerce, and Extradition. Two SICILIES. (1) Convention for the settlement of claims growing out of the depredations inflicted upon American commerce by Murat during the years 1809, 1810, 1811, and 1812 October 14, 1832, and December 26, 1835. (2) Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, December 1, 1845. (3) Convention relative to the Rights of Neutrals at sea, January 13, 1855. Article I." The two high contracting parties recognize as permanent and immutable the following principles, to wit: 1st. That free ships make free goods; ... with the exception of contraband of war. 2d. That the property of neutrals on board an enemy's vessel is not subject to confiscation unless the same be con |