or grant any special privilege or rights of use therein, to any other power, state or government, nor make any treaty by which any other nation shall obtain the same privileges, relative to the admission of any articles free of duty, hereby secured to the United States."

ARTICLE V.-(Duration of convention.)-" The present convention shall take effect as soon as it shall have been approved and proclaimed by His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, and shall have been ratified and duly proclaimed on the part of the Government of the United States, but not until a law to carry it into operation shall have been passed by the Congress of the United States of America. Such assent having been given and the ratifications of the convention having been exchanged as provided in article VI. the convention shall remain in force for seven years, from the date at which it may come into operation; and further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the high contracting parties shall give notice to the other of its wish to terminate the same; each of the high contracting parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the end of the said term of seven years, or at any time thereafter."

ARTICLE VI.-(Ratifications.)-"The present convention shall be duly ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Washington city, within eighteen months from the date hereof, or earlier if possible.

"In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries of the high contracting parties have signed this present convention, and have affixed thereto their respective seals.

"Done in duplicate, at Washington, the thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.

"HAMILTON FISH.

"ELISHA II. ALLEN.

"HENRY A. P. CARTER."

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, 1884.

CONVENTION EXTENDING THE DURATION OF THE TREATY OF 1875; AND GRANTING A COALING STATION TO THE UNITED STATES.

Concluded December 6, 1884.

November 9, 1887.

Ratifications exchanged at Washington,
Proclaimed November 9, 1887.

ARTICLE I.—(Duration of the convention of January 30, 1875, extended.)" The High Contracting Powers agree, that the time fixed for the duration of the said convention, shall be definitely extended for a term of seven years from the date of the exchange of ratifications hereof, and further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Powers shall give notice to the other of its wish to terminate the same, each of the High Contracting Powers being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the end of the said term of seven years or at any time thereafter."

ARTICLE II.-(Right to establish a coaling station.)-" His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands grants to the Government of the United States the exclusive right to enter the harbor of Pearl River in the Island of Oahu, and to establish and maintain there a coaling and repair station for the use of vessels of the United States, and to that end the United States may improve the entrance to said harbor and do all other things needful to the purpose aforesaid.

66 'Signed by

"FRED'K T. FRELINGHUYSEN. "HENRY A. P. CARTER." 1

1 The first treaty with the Hawaiian Islands was concluded December 20, 1849. This was a treaty of friendship, commerce, navigation, and for the extradition of criminals, and contained the usual stipulations on these subjects.

JAPAN.

TREATY OF PEACE, AMITY AND COMMERCE, MARCH 31, 1854.

By this treaty the ports of Simoda and Hakodade "are granted by the Japanese as ports for the reception of American ships, where they can be supplied with wood, water, provisions and coal, and other articles their necessities may require, as far as the Japanese have them." (Article IV.) But "wood, water, provisions, coal, and goods required, shall only be procured through the agency of Japanese officers appointed for that purpose, and in no other manner." (Article VIII.)

Ships of the United States resorting to the ports open to them shall be permitted to exchange gold and silver coin and articles of goods for other articles of goods, under such regulations as shall be temporarily established by the Japanese government for that purpose."

...

A treaty of 1857 was superseded and abrogated by a treaty of the following year.

1858.

TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE.

Concluded July 29, 1858. Ratifications exchanged at Washington, May 22, 1860. Proclaimed May 23, 1890.

ARTICLE I.-A diplomatic agent of the United States may reside at Yedo, and consuls may reside at all the ports of Japan open to American commerce, etc.

ARTICLE II.-The President of the United States, at the request of the Japanese government, will act as a friendly mediator between the government of Japan and any European power.

ARTICLE III. In addition to the ports of Simoda and Hakodade, the following ports shall be opened: Kanagawa, Nagasaki, Nee-e-gata, and Hiogo. Simoda shall be closed six months after the opening of Kanagawa. In all the foregoing ports and towns American citizens may permanently reside. Americans

shall be allowed to reside at Yedo and Osaca for the purposes of trade only.

No rice or wheat shall be exported from Japan as cargo.

ARTICLE IV.-Duties to be paid on imports into Japan. The importation of opium is prohibited.

ARTICLE VI.-Americans to be under the jurisdiction of their consul.

ARTICLE VII.-In the opened harbors of Japan, Americans may go where they please, within certain limits, generally 10 ri, the ri being equal to 4275 yards, American measure.1

1864.

CONVENTION For Payment of $3,000,000 to THE GOVERNMENTS of the UniteD STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND THE NETHERLANDS, AS INDEMNITIES AND EXPENSES.

Concluded October 22, 1864. Proclaimed April 9, 1866.

This indemnity was the payment by Japan of the expenses incurred by the four powers mentioned above in quelling the insurrection of a local ruler of Japan, Prince Choshu, and for damages that he had inflicted upon their commerce. The United States received an amount equal to that of the other States, but the actual expense and estimated damages on their part were only $151,348. The several instalments received from Japan amounted to $785,000. By Act of Congress, February 22, 1883, the President was authorized to pay this sum to the government of Japan. At this time the fund with accumulated interest amounted to $1,837,823.78.

1 The treaty contains fourteen articles; then follow regulations under which American trade is to be conducted in Japan.

A convention was concluded for the reduction of duties in Japan.

"Given the 14th day of the moon Zilcaade, and in the year of the Hegira 1245, corresponding with the 7th day of May, of the year of 1830 of the Christian æra.

"MOHAMMED HAMED." 1

OTHER ASIATIC AND AFRICAN STATES.

CONGO. (1) Declaration as to the intention of the International Association of the Congo, and the recognition of its flag by the United States, April 22, 1884. The flag is blue with a golden star in the center. (2) Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, January 24, 1891.

COREA.-Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, May 22, 1882.

LEW CHEW.-Compact of Friendship and Commerce, July 11, 1854.

1 In 1868 the Turkish authorities claimed jurisdiction over two Americans charged with offences against the Ottoman government. This laim was resisted by the American Minister, E. Joy Morris, on the ground of the stipulations of article IV. of the treaty of 1830. The Minister for Foreign Affairs replied that the words in brackets of that article were not in the original Turkish text of the treaty; and the Ottoman government has since adhered to that view. On the other hand, the government of the United States has procured a number of translations of that text, in no one of which some form does not appear of distinct admission of the intervention of the minister or consuls to inflict, administer or apply punishment in the case of American citizens. (See Davis' Notes.)

A treaty of Commerce and Navigation was concluded with the Ottoman Porte, February 25, 1862, to continue for twenty-eight years, either party having the right, however, to give notice of revision or discontinuance at the end of fourteen years and again at the end of twenty-one years. By the 22d article, a tariff was stipulated for the Ottoman Empire, subject to revision at the end of every period of seven years.

In 1874, the Ottoman government gave notice to terminate the treaty, and again in 1883; but the United States insisted that these notices were irregular, not being given at the times provided for by the treaty. Turkey has, however, considered the treaty abrogated.

Other treaties with the Porte are a treaty of extradition, 1874; and a protocol respecting the right of foreigners to hold real estate in the Ottoman Empire, 1874.