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leather or rubber that serve to communicate movement, but only when imported at the same time with the machinery to which they are adapted.

"Metals, precious, in bullion or in powder; money, legal of silver or gold, of the United States; moulds and patterns for the arts; naphtha; oats in grain or straw; oars for small vessels: plows and plowshares; paper, tarred for roofs; plants and seeds of any kind, not growing in the country, for cultivation; pens of any metal not silver or gold; petroleum, crude; petroleum or coal oil and its products for illuminating purposes; powder, common, for mines; quicksilver; rags or cloth for the manufacture of paper; roof tiles of clay or other material; sulphur; stoves of iron for cooking and other purposes; staves and headings for barrels ; soda, hyposulphite of; steam engines; sewing machines; slates for roofs and pavements; sausages, large or small; teasels of wire, mounted on bands for machinery, or vegetable teasels; tools and instruments of steel, iron, brass, or wood, or composed of these materials, for artisans; types, coats of arms, spaces, rules, vignettes, and accessories for printing of all kinds; vegetables, fresh; wire, telegraph, the destination of which will be proven at the respective custom-houses by the parties interested; wire of iron or steel for carding, from No. 26 and upwards; wire, barbed, for fences, and the hooks and nails to fasten the same; water pipes of all classes, materials and dimensions; not considering as comprehended among them tubes of copper or other metal that do not come closed or soldered with seam or with riveting in all their length; window blinds, painted or not painted."1 [See p. 204.]

1 A treaty of Limits was concluded with Mexico, January 12, 1828, by which the boundary set forth in the 3d and 4th articles of the treaty of 1819, with Spain, were to be carried into effect. Articles were added, April 5, 1831, and January 12, 1835.

A treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation was concluded, April 5, 1831, not differing essentially from that with Colombia, in 1824.

By a convention of April 11, 1839, claims against Mexico were to be referred to four commissioners, two being appointed by each State. In the event of a difference in the commission, the King of Prussia was to be asked to appoint an umpire. See agreement at the end of the treaty of 1848.

An Extradition treaty was entered into December 11, 1861 (see Extradition Treaties.)

NICARAGUA.

TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded June 21, 1867. Ratifications exchanged at Granada, June 20, 1868. Proclaimed August 14, 1868.

ARTICLE XIV.-(Right of transit between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.)-" The Republic of Nicaragua hereby grants to the United States, and to their citizens and property, the right of transit between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the territory of that republic, on any route of communication, natural or artificial, whether by land or by water, which may now or hereafter exist or be constructed under the authority of Nicaragua, to be used and enjoyed in the same manner and upon equal terms by both Republics and their respective citizens; the Republic of Nicaragua, however, reserving its rights of sovereignty over the same."

ARTICLE XV. (Neutrality of the routes to be guaranteedFree port-Conveyance of troops-Tolls.)-" The United States hereby agree to extend their protection to all such routes of communication as aforesaid, and to guarantee the neutrality and innocent use of the same. They also agree to employ their influence with other nations to induce them to guarantee such neutrality and protection.

"And the Republic of Nicaragua, on its part, undertakes to establish one free port at each extremity of one of the aforesaid routes of communication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. At these ports no tonnage or other duties shall be imposed or levied by the Government of Nicaragua on the vessels of the United States, or on any effects or merchandise belonging to citizens or subjects of the United States, or upon the vessels or effects of any other country intended, bona fide,

July 1, 1868, Claims Convention, extended in 1871, 1872, 1874, 1876, July 10, 1868, Convention regulating Citizenship and Emigrants. July 29, 1882, Convention for an International Boundary Survey West of the Rio Grande; and in 1884 touching the boundary line of the Red and Colorado Rivers.

for transit across the said routes of communication, and not for consumption within the Republic of Nicaragua. The United States shall also be at liberty, on giving notice to the Government or authorities of Nicaragua, to carry troops and munitions of war in their own vessels, or otherwise, to either of said free ports, and shall be entitled to their conveyance between them without obstruction by said Government or authorities, and without any charges or tolls whatever for their transportation on either of said routes; provided said troops and munitions of war are not intended to be employed against Central American nations friendly to Nicaragua. And no higher or other charges or tolls shall be imposed on the conveyance or transit of persons and property of citizens or subjects of the United States, or of any other country, across the said routes of communication, than are or may be imposed on the persons and property of citizens of Nicaragua.

"And the Republic of Nicaragua concedes the right of the Postmaster-General of the United States to enter into contracts with any individuals or companies to transport the mails of the United States along the said routes of communication, or along any other routes across the Isthmus, in its discretion, in closed bags, the contents of which may not be intended for distribution within the said Republic, free from the imposition of all taxes or duties by the Government of Nicaragua; but this liberty is not to be construed so as to permit such individuals or companies, by virtue of this right, to transport the mails, to carry also passengers or freight."

ARTICLE XVI.—(Protection of persons and property on transit routes.)-"The Republic of Nicaragua agrees that, should it become necessary at any time to employ military forces for the security and protection of persons and property passing over any of the routes aforesaid, it will employ the requisite force for that purpose; but upon failure to do this from any cause whatever, the Government of the United States may, with the consent, or at the request of the Government of Nicaragua, or of the Minister thereof at Washington, or of the competent legally appointed local authorities, civil or military, employ such force for this and for no other purpose; and when, in the opinion of the Government of Nicaragua, the necessity ceases, such force shall be immediately withdrawn.

"In the exceptional case, however, of unforeseen or imminent danger to the lives or property of citizens of the United States, the forces of said Republic are authorized to act for their protection without such consent having been previously obtained.

"But no duty or power imposed upon or conceded to the United States by the provisions of this article shall be performed or exercised except by authority and in pursuance of laws of Congress hereafter enacted. It being understood that such laws shall not affect the protection and guarantee of the neutrality of the routes of transit, nor the obligation to withdraw the troops which may be disembarked in Nicaragua directly that, in the judgment of the Government of this Republic, they should no longer be necessary, nor in any manner bring about new obligations on Nicaragua, nor alter her rights in virtue of the present treaty."

ARTICLE XVII. (Protection by the United States may be withdrawn.) "It is understood, however, that the United States, in according protection to such routes of communication, and guaranteeing their neutrality and security, always intend that the protection and guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be withdrawn if the United States should deem that the persons or company undertaking or managing the same adopt or establish such regulations concerning the traffic thereupon as are contrary to the spirit and intention of this treaty, either by making unfair discriminations in favor of the commerce of any country or countries over the commerce of any other country or countries or by imposing oppressive exactions or unreasonable tolls upon mails, passengers, vessels, goods, wares, merchandise, or other articles. The aforesaid protection and guarantee shall not, however, be withdrawn by the United States without first giving six months' notice to the Republic of Nicaragua."

ARTICLE XVIII.-(Rights of citizens.)-"And it is further agreed and understood that in any grants or contracts which may hereafter be made or entered into by the Government of Nicaragua, having reference to the interoceanic routes above referred to, or either of them, the rights and privileges granted. by this treaty to the Government and citizens of the United States shall be fully protected and reserved. And if any such grants or contracts now exist, of a valid character, it is further

understood that the guarantee and protection of the United States, stipulated in Article XV. of this treaty, shall be held inoperative and void until the holders of such grants and contracts shall recognize the concessions made in this treaty to the Government and citizens of the United States with respect to such interoceanic routes, or either of them, and shall agree to observe and be governed by these concessions as fully as if they had been embraced in their original grants or contracts; after which recognition and agreement said guarantee and protection shall be in full force; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed either to affirm or to deny the validity of the said contracts."

ARTICLE XIX.-(Dividends.)-"After ten years from the completion of a railroad, or any other route of communication through the territory of Nicaragua, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, no company which may have constructed or be in possession of the same shall ever divide, directly or indirectly, by the issue of new stock, the payment of dividends or otherwise, more than fifteen per cent. per annum, or at that rate, to its stockholders from tolls collected thereupon; but whenever the tolls shall be found to yield a larger profit than this, they shall be reduced to the standard of fifteen per cent. per annum."

ARTICLE XX.-(Duration of Treaty.)-"The two high contracting parties, desiring to make this treaty as durable as possible, agree that this treaty shall remain in force for the term of fifteen years from the day of the exchange of the ratifications; and either party shall have the right to notify the other of its intention to terminate, alter, or reform this treaty, at least twelve months before the expiration of the fifteen years; if no such notice be given, then this treaty shall continue binding beyond the said time, and until twelve months shall have elapsed from the day on which one of the parties shall notify the other of its intention to alter, reform, or abrogate this treaty."1

1 An Extradition Treaty was concluded with Nicaragua, June 25, 1887. (See Extradition Treaties.)

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