five hundred dollars, according to the proportions which shall be determined by the French Government to be paid at either place; the principal of the said stock to be re-imbursed at the Treasury of the United States, in annual payments of not less than three millions of dollars each, of which the first payment shall commence fifteen years after the date of the exchange of ratifications: this stock shall be transferred to the Government of France, or to such person or persons as shall be authorized to receive it, in three months at most after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, and after Louisiana shall be taken possession of in the name of the Government of the United States.

"It is further agreed, that if the French Government should be desirous of disposing of the said stock to receive the capital in Europe, at shorter terms, that its measures for that purpose shall be taken so as to favor, in the greatest degree possible, the credit of the United States, and to raise to the highest price the said stock."

FRANCE, 1803.

CONVENTION FOR PAYMENT OF SUMS DUE BY FRANCE TO CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.

ARTICLE I. "The debts due by France to citizens of the United States, contracted before the 8th of Vendémiaire, ninth year of the French Republic (30th September, 1800), shall be paid according to the following regulations, with interest at six per cent., to commence from the period when the accounts and vouchers were presented to the French Government."

ARTICLE II.-"The debts provided for by the preceding article are those whose result is comprised in the conjectural note annexed to the present Convention, and which, with the interest, cannot exceed the sum of twenty millions of francs. The claims comprised in the said note which fall within the exceptions of the following articles, shall not be admitted to the benefit of this provision."

ARTICLE III. "The principal and interests of the said debts shall be discharged by the United States, by orders drawn by

their Minister Plenipotentiary on their treasury; these orders shall be payable sixty days after the exchange of ratifications of the treaty and the conventions signed this day, and after possession shall be given of Louisiana by the commissaries of France to those of the United States."

ARTICLE IV. "It is expressly agreed that the preceding articles shall comprehend no debts but such as are due to citizens of the United States, who have been and are yet creditors of France, for supplies, for embargoes, and prizes made at sea, in which the appeal has been properly lodged within the time mentioned in the said convention, 8th Vendémiaire, ninth year (30th September, 1800). "

ARTICLE V." The preceding articles shall apply only, 1st, to captures of which the council of prizes shall have ordered restitution, it being well understood that the claimant cannot have recourse to the United States, otherwise than he might have had to the Government of the French Republic, and only in case of insufficiency of the captors; 2d, the debts mentioned in the said fifth article of the convention contracted before the 8th Vendémiaire, an 9th, (30th September, 1800), the payment of which has been heretofore claimed of the actual Government of France, and for which the creditors have a right to the protection of the United States; the said fifth article does not comprehend prizes whose condemnation has been or shall be confirmed it is the express intention of the contracting parties not to extend the benefit of the present convention to reclamations of American citizens, who shall have established houses of commerce in France, England or other countries than the United States, in partnership with foreigners, and who by that reason and the nature of their commerce ought to be regarded as domiciliated in the places where such houses exist. All agreements and bargains concerning merchandise, which shall not be the property of American citizens, are equally excepted from the benefit of the said Convention, saving, however, to such persons their claims in like manner as if this Treaty had not been made."

4

FRANCE, 1822.

CONVENTION OF NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE.

Concluded June 24, 1822. Ratification exchanged at Washington, February 12, 1823. Proclaimed February 12, 1823.

ARTICLE I.—" Articles of the growth, produce or manufacture, of the United States, imported into France in vessels of the United States, shall pay an additional duty, not exceeding twenty francs per ton of merchandise, over and above the duties paid on the like articles, also of the growth, produce or manufacture, of the United States, when imported in French vessels."

ARTICLE II." Articles of the growth, produce or manufacture, of France, imported into the United States in French vessels, shall pay an additional duty, not exceeding three dollars and seventy-five cents per ton of merchandise, over and above the duties collected upon the like articles, also of the growth, produce or manufacture of France, when imported in vessels of the United States."

ARTICLE III.-"No discriminating duty shall be levied upon the productions of the soil or industry of France, imported in French bottoms into the ports of the United States for transit or re-exportation: nor shall any such duties be levied upon the productions of the soil or industry of the United States imported in vessels of the United States into the ports of France for transit or re-exportation."

ARTICLE V. "The duties of tonnage, light-money, pilotage, port charges, brokerage and all other duties upon foreign shipping, over and above those paid by the national shipping in the two countries respectively, other than those specified in articles I and II of the present convention, shall not exceed in France, for vessels of the United States, five francs per ton of the vessels American register: nor for vessels of France in the United States, ninety-four cents per ton of the vessels' French passport."

By ARTICLE VII. the treaty was to be in force for two years,

and thereafter until a six-months notice of discontinuance by either party.

And if not discontinued, the extra duties were to be diminished by one-fourth each year, "so long as neither party shall have declared the intention of renouncing it as above stated."

FRANCE, 1831.

CONVENTION CONCERNING CLAIMS AND DUTIES ON WINES AND COTTONS.

Concluded July 4, 1831. Ratifications exchanged at Washington February 2, 1832. Proclaimed July 13, 1832.

ARTICLE I.—“ The French Government, in order to liberate itself completely from all the reclamations preferred against it by citizens of the United States, for unlawful seizures, captures, sequestrations, confiscations or destructions of their vessels, cargoes or other property, engages to pay a sum of twenty-five millions of francs to the Government of the United States, who shall distribute it among those entitled, in the manner and according to the rules which it shall determine."

ARTICLE II.—"This sum is to be paid in six annual instalments."

ARTICLE III and IV. "The United States agree to pay to France on account of the claims for unlawful seizures, etc., the sum of one million five hundred thousand francs, in six annual instalments."

ARTICLE V.-"Claims not provided for by the present convention may be prosecuted in accordance with the laws of the respective countries."

ARTICLE VII.-" French wines imported into the United States for consumption shall be subject to a duty not exceeding six cents per gallon for red wine in cask; ten cents for white wine in casks; and twenty-two cents for wines of all sorts in bottles.

"In consideration of this stipulation, which shall be binding on the United States for ten years, the French Government abandons the reclamations which it had formed in relation to

the 8th article of the treaty of session of Louisiana. France agrees, moreover, to levy the same duty on long staple cottons of the United States as on short staple cottons."

GREAT BRITAIN.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TREATY OF PEACE, August 14, 1783. (Secret Journals of Congress, II., 225.)

"SIR:

"You will herewith receive a commission, giving you full power to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain, in

'The first installment of the French indemnity under this treaty fell due February 2, 1833, but no prevision was made for its payment; and on April 18, 1834, the French Chamber of Deputies refused to make the appropriations necessary to carry the treaty into effect. This action of the Chamber of Deputies was followed by a complete rupture of diplomatic relations between the two states; in February, 1835, President Jackson instructed Livingston, the United States minister, to leave Paris, and in consequence the French minister was withdrawn from Washington. A year later, however, the French government announced that it was ready to execute the treaty, and diplomatic relations were accordingly resumed.

In respect of the 8th article of the treaty of cession of Louisiana, France had accused the United States of a breach of faith in granting privileges to English vessels not accorded to those of France. The United States replied that English vessels enjoyed these additional favors by virtue of a reciprocal agreement. The dispute was settled by the 7th article of the present treaty (Bancroft Davis' Notes on France.) The subsequent treaties with France are as follows:

1. A convention for the extradition of criminals, concluded November 9, 1843, being the first separate extradition convention entered into by the United States. Additional articles were added in 1845, and 1858. (See Extradition Treaties.)

2. A consular convention concluded February 23, 1853. (See Consular Conventions).

3. A convention concerning trade-marks, concluded April 16, 1869. (See Trade-marks).

4. A convention for the settlement of claims concluded January 15, 1880. The claims against France were those arising during the French occupation of Mexico, and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. The claims against the United States were those arising during the civil war, 1861-1866.

(On the subject of treaties with France generally, see Davis' Notes).