observe, was no exception to the general rule of the whole western country, with oaths and ofttimes blows from the more reckless of the garrison. When, after their troublesome and intrusive fashion, they were lounging everywhere about the fort, or lazily reclining in the shadow of the walls, they were met with muttered ejaculations of impatience, or abrupt orders to be gone, enforced, perhaps, by a touch from the butt of a sentinel's musket. These marks of contempt were unspeakably galling to their haughty spirit."

But what most contributed to the growing discontent of the tribes was the intrusion of settlers upon their lands, which was at all times a fruitful source of Indian hostility. Its effects, it is true, could only be felt by those whose country bordered upon the English settlements; but among these were the most powerful and influential of the tribes. The discontent of the Indians gave great satisfaction to the French, who saw in it an assurance of safe and bloody vengeance on their conquerors. Canada, it is true, was gone beyond the hope of recovery; but they still might hope to revenge its loss. Interest, moreover, as well as passion, prompted them to inflame the resentment of the Indians; for most of the inhabitants of the French settlements upon the lakes and the Mississippi were engaged in the fur trade, and, fearing the English as formidable rivals, they would gladly have seen them driver from the country. Traders and all classes of this singular population accordingly dispersed themselves among the villages of the Indians, or held councils with them in the secret places of the woods, urging them to take up arms against the English. They, exhibited the conduct of the latter in its worst light, and spared neither misrepresentation nor falsehood.

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It is difficult to determine which tribe was the first to raise the of war. There were many who might have done so, for all the savages in the backwoods were ripe for an outbreak, and the movement seemed almost simultaneous. The Delawares and Senecas were the most incensed, and Kiashuta, chief of the latter, was, perhaps, foremost. It, however, required a greater chief than he to give method and order to what would else have been a wild burst of fury. But for Pontiac, the whole might have ended in a

few troublesome inroads upon the frontier, and a little whooping and yelling under the walls of Fort Pitt.

There has been some dispute as to the nationality of Pontiac. Some hold that he was a member of the tribe of the Sacs or Loä

FRANK G. RUSSELL, the present city attorney of Detroit, was born in Green Oak, Livingston county, Michigan, in April, 1837. His father was a farmer, and Mr. Russell spent his youth at home, assisting in agricultural pursuits. He had all the advantages of a common school, and was at an early age sent to the State Normal School, at which institution he graduated in the spring of 1858. He was principal of the Lansing Union School from the autumn of 1858 to the spring of 1861, when he resigned the position to accept a situation in the Interior Department at Washing

kies, but by far the greater number have placed him among the Ottawas. His home was about eight miles above Detroit, on Pechee Island, which looks out upon the waters of Lake St. Clair. His form was cast in the finest mould of savage grace and strength, and his eye seemed capable of penetrating, at a glance, the secret motives that actuated the savage tribes around him. His rare personal qualities, his courage, resolution, wisdom, address and eloquence, together with the hereditary claim to authority which, according to Indian custom, he possessed, secured for him the esteem of both the French and the English, and gave him an influence among the lake tribes greater than that of any other individual. Early in life he distinguished himself as a chieftain of no ordinary ability. In 1746 he commanded a powerful body of Indians, mostly Ottawas, who gallantly defended the people of Detroit against the formidable attack of several combined northern tribes, and it is supposed that he was present at the disastrous defeat of Braddock, in which several hundred of his warriors were engaged. He had always, at least up to the time when Major Rogers came into the country, been a firm friend of the French, and received many marks of esteem from the French officer, Marquis de Montcalm.

How could he, then, the bravest chief of the great West, do

ton, D. C. He was engaged in the last mentioned capacity, principally as examiner of pension claims, from the spring of 1801 to the summer of 1864, when he resigned and came to Detroit. He was successfully engaged at the latter place for two years in the prosecution of war claims, and in 1866 returned to his home in Green Oak, and assumed charge of his father's farm, remaining there until the autumn of 1867, when he returned to Detroit, and commenced the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court in October, 1868, and commenced the practice of law in the following spring.

In the practice of law, Mr. Russell has met with substantial success. Being favorably known in the whole State, both for ability and integrity, he immediately came into public favor, and has found unceasing demand for his professional labors. In the spring of 1869 he was appointed pri vate secretary to Governor H. P. Baldwin, holding this position till the inauguration of Governor Bagley, January 1, 1873. He was elected city attorney of Detroit in 1871,

otherwise than dispute the English claim to his country? How could he endure the sight of this people driving the game from his hunting grounds, and his friends and allies from the lands they had so long possessed? When he heard that Rogers was advancing along the lakes to take possession of his country, his indignation knew no bounds, and he at once sent deputies, requesting him to halt until such time as he could see him. Flattering words and fair promises induced him, at length, to extend the hand of friendship to Rogers. He was inclined to live peaceably with the English, and to encourage their settling in the country, as long as they treated him as he deserved; but if they treated him with neglect, he would shut up the way and exclude them from it. He did not consider himself a conquered prince, but he expected to be treated with the respect and honor due to a king.

While a system of good management might have allayed every suspicion, and engendered peace and good-will, a want of cordiality increased the discontent, and Pontiac soon saw that the fair promises which had been made him were but idle words. The Indians were becoming more and more dissatisfied, and he began seriously to apprehend danger from the new government and people. He saw in the English a boundless ambition to possess themselves of every military position on the northern waters, an ambition which plainly indicated to his far-reaching sagacity that soon, nothing less than undisputed possession of all his vast domain would satisfy them. He saw in them a people superior in arms, but utterly destitute of that ostensible cordiality, personally, to which his people had been accustomed during the golden age of French dominion, and which they were apt to regard as necessary indications of good faith. There seemed no disposition for national courtesy, individual intercourse, or beneficial commerce of any kind. All those circumstances which made the neighborhood of the French agreeable, and which might have made their own at least tolerable, they neglected. Their conduct never gave rest to suspicion, while that of the French never gave rise to it. Hence, the Indians felt that they had "no father among the white men but the King of France," and Pontiac resolved, as he had threatened, to "shut up the way." His plan was to make a con