additions to his former learning in his four years exile and travel: which is a great improvement to ingenious spirits. But this disputation was broken off by the popish party, who would not stand to the order appointed; so that Mr. Jewel in all probability had no occasion to shew either his zeal or learning.

The Parliament ended the eighth of May 1559. and by virtue of an Act passed in this Parliament, soon after Midsummer the Queen made a visitation of all the diocesses in England, by Commissioners for rectifying all such things as they found amiss, and could not be redressed by any ordinary episcopal power, without spending of more time than the exigencies of the church could then admit of. And this was done by a book of articles printed for that purpose; and the inquiry was made upon oath by the Commissioners. Here Mr. Jewel was taken in again, and made one of these Commissioners for the west. When he visited his own native country, which till then perhaps he had not seen since his return from exile; when also he preached to and disputed with his country-men, and indeavoured more to win them to imbrace the Reformation by good usage, civility, and reason, than to terrifie or -awe them by that great authority the Queen had armed him and his fellow Commissioners with.

Returning back to London, and giving the Queen a good and satisfactory account of their visitation, the 21st of January following, Mr. Jewel who was then only Batchelor of Divinity, was consecrated Bishop of Sarisbury, which he at first modestly declined, but at last accepted, in obedience to the Queens command. This see had been void by the death of John Capon his immediate predecessor, who died in the year 1557. now near three years. And here the Divine Providence again gave him

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the advantage in point of seniority over his tutor Mr. John Parkhurst, who was not consecrated Bishop of Norwich till the fourteenth of July after; but then his tutor had the advantage of him in point of revenue, for Mr. Jewel's bishoprick had been miserably impoverished by his predecessor; so that he complained afterwards, that there was never a good living left him that would maintain a learned man; for (said he) the Capon has devoured all: because he hath either given away or sold all the ecclesiastical dignities and livings. So that the good Bishop was forced all his life-time after to take extraordinary pains in travelling and preaching in all parts of his diocess, which brought him to his grave the sooner: whereas his tutor had a much richer bishoprick, and consequently, more ease, and out lived his pupil Jewel three years.

The Sunday before Easter of this year, Bishop Jewel preached at Paul's Cross, his famous Sermon upon the 1 Cor. 11. v. 23. For I have received of the Lord that which I also delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread, &c. This sermon gave a fatal blow to the popish religion here in England, which was become very odious to all men, by reason of the barbarous cruelty used by those of that perswasion in the reign of Queen Mary; but the challenge which he then made, and afterwards several times and in several places repeated, was the most stinging part of this sermon, and therefore tho I am concerned to be as short as I can, I will yet insert this famous piece at large.

" If any learned man of our adversaries, (said he) or all the learned men that be alive, be able to bring any one sufficient sentence out of any old catholick doctor, or father, or general Council, or holy scripture, or any one example in the primi

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tive church, whereby it may clearly and plaiuly be proved during the first six hundred years. 1. That there was at any time any private masses in the world. 2. Or that there was then any communion ministred unto the people under one kind. 3. Or that the people had their common-prayer in a strange tongue that the people understood not. 4. Or that the Bishop of Rome was then called an universal Bishop, or the Head of the universal Church, 5. Or that the people were then taught to believe that Christ's body is really, substantially, corporally, carnally or naturally in the Sacrament. 6. Or that his body is or may be in a thousand places or more at one time. 7. Or that the priest did then hold up the sacrament over his head. 8. Or that the people did then fall down and worship it with godly honour. 9. Or that the sacrament was then, of now ought to be, hanged up under a canopy. Or that in the sacrament after the words of consecration, there remained only the accidents and shews without the substance of bread and wine. 11. Or, that then the priests divided the sacrament into three parts, and afterwards received himself alone. 12. Or that whosoever had said the sacrament is a figure, a pledge, a token, or a remembrance of Christ's body, had therefore been adjudged for an heretick, 13. Or that it was lawful then to have thirty, twenty, fifteen, ten, or five masses said in the same church in one day. 14. Or that images were then set up in the churches, to the intent the people might worship them. 15. Or that the laypeople were then forbidden to read the word of God in their own tongue. 16. Or that it was then lawful for the priest to pronounce the words of consecration closely, or in private to himself. 17. Or that the priest had then authority to offer up Christ unto his Father. 18. Or to communicate and receive

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the sacrament for another, as they do. 19. Or to apply the vertue of Christs death and passion to any man by the means of the mass. 20. Or that it was then thought a sound doctrine to teach the people that mass, ex opere operato (that is, even for that it is said and done) is able to remove any part of our sin. 21. Or that any Christian man called the sacrament of the Lord, his God. 22. Or that the people were then taught to believe, that the body of Christ remaineth in the sacrament, as long as the accidents of bread and wine remain there without corruption. 23. Or that a mouse or any other worm or beast, may eat the body of Christ, (for so some of our adversaries have said and taught.) 24. Or that when Christ said, Hoc est corpus meum, the word hoc pointed not to the bread, but to an individuum vagum, as some of them say. 25. Or that the accidents, or forms, or shews of -bread and wine be the sacraments of Christs body and blood, and not rather the very bread and wine itself. 26. Or that the sacrament is a sign or token of the body of Christ, that lieth hidden underneath it. 27. Or that ignorance is the mother and cause of true devotion: The conclusion is, that I shall then be content to yield and subscribe 8."

"This

8 Yield and subscribe.] With this famous challenge the reader may compare the following, given, about the year 1624, by another very learned and eminent divine, Dr. Richard Mountague, afterwards Bishop of Chichester, &c.

1. If any Papist living, or all the Papists living, can prove unto me, that the present Roman church, is eyther the Catholique church or a sound member of the Catholique church, I will subscribe.

2. "If any Papist living, or all the Papistsliving, can prove unto me, that the present church of England is not a true member of the Catholique church, I will subscribe.

3. "If

"This challenge" (saith the learned Dr. Hey-. lyn, Eccles. Restaurat. p. 301.) "being thus published in so great an auditory, startled the English Papists both at home and abroad, but none more than such of our fugitives as had retired to Lovain, Doway, or St. Omers, in the low-country provinces belonging to the King of Spain. The busi ness was first agitated by the exchange of friendly. letters betwixt the said reverend prelate and Dr. Henry Cole the late Dean of St. Pauls; more violently followed in a book of Rastal's', who first appeared in the lists against the challenger; followed herein by Dorman and Marshall, who severally took up the cudgels to as little purpose; the first being well beaten by Nowel, and the last by Calfhill, in their discourses writ against them: but they were only velitations, or preparatory skirmishes in reference to the main encounter, which was reserved for the reverend challenger himself, and Dr. John Harding, one of the divines of Lovain, and the most learned of the College. The combatants were born in the same county, bred up in the same Grammar School, and studied in the same Univer. sity also:-Both zealous Protestants' in the time of King Edward, and both relapsed to Popery in

3. "If any Papist, &c. can prove unto mee, that all those, points, or any of those points which the church of Rome maintaineth against the church of England, were, or was, the perpetual doctrine of the Catholique Church: the concluded Doctrine of the representative Church in any general council, or nationall, approved by a generall: or the dogmatical resolation of any one Father, for 500 years after Christ, I will, subscribe." Gagg for the New Gospel. Address to the

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• Of Rastal's.] (Rastal was a Common Lawyer, and published his book in 1563.] * Zealous Protestants.) See Jewel's Answer to Master Harding's Conclusion; Works. signat. (Rr) 5.

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