U. S. Supt. of Documents

PREFATORY NOTE

The papers published in this volume relate to field missions sent by the American Commission to Negotiate Peace to report on conditions in various countries. In general the records of American participation in interallied missions are not printed here. The records of the American sections of two interallied missions, the Interallied Military Mission to Hungary and the International Commission on Mandates in Turkey, are published in this volume. General H. H. Bandholtz was sent to Hungary as the American member of the Interallied Military Mission. However, as his reports sent directly to the American Commission to Negotiate Peace are so voluminous and so informative regarding conditions in Hungary over a period of several months, these reports are included here with those of the distinctly American observation missions. H. C. King and Charles R. Crane were technically the American representatives on the International Commission on Mandates in Turkey, but only the American section was duly constituted and sent to the Near East. It became, therefore, in fact purely an American mission.

Omitted from this volume are documents concerning American field missions the reports of which have already been published in other volumes of Foreign Relations. The reports of the first Dresel Mission to Germany are printed in volume II of this series, pages 130 ff., and those of the Coolidge Mission up to January 16, 1919, are printed ibid., pages 218 ff. For information regarding the mission of William C. Bullitt to Russia, see Foreign Relations, 1919, Russia, pages 74 ff., and for the reports of American observers in South Russia, see ibid., pages 750 ff. For papers relating to the mission headed by Henry Morgenthau to report on relations between Jews and non-Jews in Poland, see Foreign Relations, 1919, volume II, pages 772 ff. For papers regarding the American Military Mission to Armenia headed by General James G. Harbord, see ibid., pages 824 ff.

PREFATORY NOTE.

LIST OF PAPERS.

CONTENTS

FIELD MISSIONS OF THE AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE:

The Gherardi Mission to Germany

Page

III

VII

1

The Second Dresel Mission to Germany

Military Intelligence Reports on Political Conditions in Germany.

The Greene Mission to the Baltic Provinces .

82

124

136

Visit of Mr. Hugh Gibson to Countries of the Former Austro-Hungarian

Boundary in Carinthia between German Austria and Jugoslavia

Termination of the Coolidge Mission.

498

524

The American Section of the International Commission on Mandates

in Turkey (The King-Crane Commission).

745

1919 Jan. 30 (501)

Feb. 2

(2)

Feb. 4 (6)

Feb. 4

Feb. 6 (2)

Feb. 8 (3)

Feb. 11 (4)

Feb. 12

(H. H. F. No. 4)

Feb. 15 (5)

The Commission to Negotiate Peace to the Acting Secretary of
State (tel.)

Organization and personnel of the Gherardi Mission to Ger-
many, sent for the purpose of investigating general situation.
Captain W. R. Gherardi to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
(tel.)

Report that political situation is critical; active_resistance
by Spartacists to government troops in Bremen, Düsseldorf,
and Eisenach.

The Commission to Negotiate Peace to Colonel Williams, G-2,
Third Army, A. E. F., Coblenz (tel.)

For Gherardi: Expression of appreciation for information
conveyed in telegram No. 2 of February 2; suggested topics
for investigation.

Captain W. R. Gherardi to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
Analysis of present provisional government and instability
of political situation; rumor that anti-government uprisings
will occur on February 6.

Captain W. R. Gherardi to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
Report on Spartacist uprisings; agreement of volunteer
troops to support government.

Captain W. R. Gherardi to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
Information that political situation remains unsettled;
Ebert's opening speech at the National Assembly (text printed)
protesting severity of armistice conditions and advocating a
strong socialist government.

Captain W. R. Gherardi to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
Report on change in political atmosphere; expectation that
the government will assert, in dealing with the Peace Con-
ference, that refusal of its claims will result in the Bolshevism
of Germany.

Dr. H. H. Field to the Commission to Negotiate Peace

Report of arrival in Munich and first impressions; animos-
ity of general public toward Eisner, Social-Democratic Premier
of Bavaria.

Major Arnold Whitridge to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
Opinion of the French Mission under General Dupont that
the present government is growing more reactionary; indica-
tion that press considers Brockdorff-Rantzau's speech on
German foreign policy (infra) to be very broad-minded.

1

2

2

3

5

7

12

13

14

VII