J.C.1544, fand Hungarian ducats as an annual tribute, and 1545, 1546, & 1547. that each fhould retain what he poffeffed in the Heg. 951, kingdom at the time of the ceffation of hoftilities. 952, 953, & 954. Death of The treaty is worded in pompous terms, on which Ferdinand's envoy would not difpute, knowing how much his mafter was in want of peace. As to Charles V. he referred it all to his brother, whofe affairs feemed always to intereft him but In the written treaty, Ferdinand stipulates for the emperor of the West. little. Solyman, juft at this time, met with a lofs, less grievous to his heart than that of his fon, but much greater for the fafety of his dominions and the glory of his reign. Barbaroffa died of a fit of fickness in 1547, after having filled all the feas and coasts of Europe, Africa and Afia,`with the terror of his name. These misfortunes feemed for fome time to difguft the fultan with war and conquefts. For three fucceffive years he appeared occupied only in raising the edifices confumed by the late fire, and in having those laws which he had dictated himself put into execution. Roxalana knew how to make a good use of this Roxalana. Opportunity. The lofs of the young prince that Solyman had had by her, rendered this flave ftill more dear, by the lamentations which fhe made in presence of the emperor. But the grief, real or affected, of Roxalana, did not make her forget her own intereft. As fhe faw the emperor take pleasure in raising edifices, the refolved, after his example, The empe ror marries 1545, & 1547• 952, 953, & 954. example, to build a mofque with the immenfe J.C.15442 VOL, II. D2 The F J.C.1544, The emperor was at firft irritated at the cheat; 1545, 1546, but after having to no purpose made ufe of ca & 1547• 952, 953, Heg. 951, reffes, menaces, and even ill treatment, the violence of his paffion overcame the Ottoman pride. Solyman chofe rather to marry Roxalana, than to part with her. & 954. From that time Muftapha, the emperor's eldest fon, who was not a fon of Roxalana, perceived he should have a dangerous enemy in this ambitious fultanefs; and that fhe, who, against all laws and customs, had been able to make herself emprefs, would one day find means to convey the fceptre to her children, to the prejudice of their elder brother. This artful step-mother, in order to caufes war accuftom her husband to domeftic quarrels, en Roxalana to be de. clared a lafts only one cam paign, gainst Per- gaged him in a war which the king of Persia's fia, which brother wanted to ftir up against his brother. Though all the expeditions against this power had thus far been unfortunate, and, fome years before, Roxalana herfelf had ruined the grand vizier Ibrahim, under pretext of his having endangered the Ottoman glory, by expofing their armies to perish in the deferts of Perfia, yet the fucceeded. This younger brother of Tachmas was called Alkazik Mirza. Their father had given this laft the province of Shirvan, as a portion, to command there under the authority of his brother, and to receive the revenues of it. Alkazik foon aimed at being fovereign of it. Tachmas pretended on the contrary, that all 1545, & 1547• 952, & 954. Perfia was but one monarchy; and that he, who J.C. 1544 had the presumption to call himself fovereign of 1546, Shirvan, was in fact only a rebel. He drove him Heg. 951, from his pretended kingdom; and this prince, 953, stripped of his fovereignty, fought an afylum at Conftantinople. The cause of a younger brother, revolted against his elder, and against his fovereign, appeared favorable to the empress Roxalana. She prevailed on Solyman to march his janiffaries and spahis against the king of Perfia For a long time the Ottoman troops had been languishing in repofe, and they began to complain of it; but all the old foldiers who remembered the Perfian wars, would much rather have carried their arms into a more fruitful country. The fultan entered Afia with a fine army, which increased every day as it approached the frontiers of Perfia. Prince Mustapha, governor of Amafia, joined his father on the march, and intreated permiffion to fhare with him the fatigues and glory that attended him. But Roxalana had foreseen this. There was no occafion to fhew the janiffaries a young prince all burning with ardour, whofe figure and affability enchanted every one that approached him, and who, already the "idol of the province intrufted to him, would foon have become the idol of the army. The campaign against the Perfians was as unfortunate as it could be. The prince, for whom it had been undertaken, being furprised at the J.C.1544, the head of a few soldiers which formed the ad 1545, 1546, vanced guard, loft his head for his rebellion. As Heg. 951, for the reft, Tachmas made war againft Solyman, & 1547. 952, & 954. 953, juft as his father and he had already done, leaving the Turks to get into an arid, defolated country, where they combated hunger and the elements. much more than the Perfians, who fkirmished and conftantly avoided battle. Fatigue and disease having preyed upon the fultan's army for fix months, he went at length into the Diarbekar, to seek necessary refreshments for his remaining troops, & 1549. J.C.1548, On the arrival of the spring, Solyman, far from Heg. 955, endeavouring to repair by fome fuccefs the mis& 956. fortunes of the preceding campaign, re-took the road to Conftantinople. On his return to his European dominions, he found the affairs of Hungary greatly changed. Ferdinand, king of Hungary the Romans, partly by the terror of his arms, and raife the partly by negociation, had prevailed on queen Temefwar. Ifabella to cede Tranfylvania to him with the Affairs of The Turks fiege of crown of Saint Stephen, fo revered by the people. She received, as a full recompenfe for this fovereignty, lands in upper Hungary to the annual value of twelve thousand five hundred pounds fterling, and the promife of marrying on a future day the prince her fon to king Ferdinand's daughter. The archbishop of Waradin was the perfon who prevailed on Ifabella to make this ceffion; and a fhort time after, the king, whom he |