3. Principal Lines of Railroad in Process of Construction in New England

and New York, on the 1st of September, 1850. Name. Atlantic and St. Lawrence, From Portland to the Canada line, which it strikes at the town

of Canaan, Vt., where it connects with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad, which is open from Montreal to St. Hya. cinthe, 30 miles. Whole length, 156 miles. Open to South Paris, 47 miles. Branch from Mechanics' Falls to Buckfield; length, 13 miles. The whole of the road to the State line

is under contract. Kennebec, Bath, & Portland, From Portland to Augusta. Length, 60 miles. There is a

branch to Bath, from Brunswick, 9 miles long, now open.

The road is open from Portland to Brunswick, 25 miles. York and Cumberland, From Somersworth, N. H., to Portland. Length, about 50 miles.

Graded from Portland to Gorbam, 12 miles. Portsmouth and Concord, From Portsmouth to Concord, N. H. Length, 40 miles. Open

from Portsinouth to Raymond, 23 miles. Concord and Montreal, From Concord, N. H., via Haverhill, to a point of intersection

with some one of the Montreal roads. Length, 69 miles.

Open to Plymouth, 51 miles. Concord and Claremont, . From Concord, N. H., to Claremont, where it intersects the

Sullivan road. Length, 50 miles. Open to Bradford, 25 miles. Ashuelot, .

From Keene, N. H., to Vernon, Vt., 20 miles. Will be open in

October, 1850 (probably). Contoocook Valley, Open from Contoocookville, on the Concord and Claremont

road, to Hillsboro' Bridge, 14 miles. New Hampshire Central, . From Manchester to its junction with the Concord and Clare

mont road in Bradford. Open to Weare Oil-mills, 104 miles. Cocheco,

From Dover, N. H., to Haverhill. Open to Farmington, 17

miles. Great Falls and Conway, . From Somersworth, N. H., via Rochester, to Conway. Open

to Rochester, 12 miles. Peterboro' and Shirley, From Groton, Mass., where it leaves the Fitchburg road, to Pe

terboro', N. H. Length, 30 miles. Open to the State line,

15 miles. Connecticut and Passumpsic River, From the mouth of White River, at Hartford, Vt., up

the west bank of the Connecticut to the State line at Canaan, where it will connect with the St. Lawrence and Atlantic road. Length, 114 miles. Open to Wells River (Newbury, Vt.), 40 miles. Will be opened to St. Johnsbury, Vt., by Ist Novem

ber. Length, 60 miles. Vermont and Canada, From the Vermont Central Railroad, at Stanton's in Essex, Vt.,

to the Ogdensburg road, at Rouse's Point. Length, 40 miles.

Will be open in October, 1850. Whitehall and Rutland, From the Rutland road at Rutland, to Whitehall, N. Y., 24

miles. Will be open in October, 1850. Troy and Rutland, From the Whitehall and Rutland road at Castleton, Vt., to

Troy, N. Y. Length, 80 miles. The whole road is under

contract. Connecticut Valley, . From Bellows Falls to Brattleboro', Vt. Length, 20 miles.

This is the connecting link between the Rutland and upper

roads, and the Connecticut River and lower roads. Fitchburg and Worcester, Length, 12 miles.

Grand Junction and Union, From deep water at East Boston to the Worcester Railroad in

Brighton. Length, 6.18 miles. Wilton,

From Nashville, N H., on the Nashua and Lowell road, to Wil

ton. Open to Danforth's Corner, Amherst, N. H., 9 miles. Canal,

From New Haven to Springfield. Open to Tariffville, 45 miles. Naugatuck,

Open from Bridgeport, Conn., to Winsted, 62 miles. Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill, Open from Plainville, Conn., 10 Willimantic, 43 miles, Ogdensburg,

From Ogdensburg, N. Y., to Rouse's Point on Lake Cham

plain. Length, 118 miles. Will be opened the whole length

in October, 1850. Hudson River, .

From New York City to Albany. Length, 160 miles. Open

to Poughkeepsie, 75 miles from New York. New York and Erie, From New York to Lake Erie. Open to Corning, 301 miles

from New York, of which 24, from New York to the Pier, at Piermont, is now by steamboat. 'The remainder of the road is under contract, and is expected to be completed by April, 1851.

.

Albany and Schenectady,
Albany and West Stockbridge,
Attica and Buffalo,
Auburn and Rochester,
Auburn and Syracuse,
Buffalo and Black Rock,
Buffalo and Niagara Falls,
Cayuga and Susquehannah,.
Chemung,
Hudson and Berkshire,
Hudson River,
Lewiston, .
Lockport and Niagara Falls,
Long Island,
New York and Erie,
New York and Harlem,
Oswego and Syracuse,
Rensselaer and Saratoga,
Saratoga and Schenectady,.
Saratoga and Washington,
Schenectady and Troy,
Skaneateles and Jordan,
Syracuse and Utica,
Tioga Coal, Iron, &c.,
Tonawanda,
Troy and Greenbush, .
Utica and Schenectady,
Watertown and Rome,

Total, .

Miles.
17.00
38.25
31.50
78.00
26.00

3.00
22.00
28.00
17.50
31.50
75.00

3.33 23.00 98.00 294.00 80.17 35.00 25.00 22.00 39.5 20.50

5.20 53.00 15.00 43.50

6.00 78.00

1,698,284 82,006 115,717' 68,312 100,739 70,000 1,930,895 189,096 Leased to Western Railroad.

870,648 99,875 144,518 33,830 95,410 53,585 2,968,837 322,301 418,423 121,435201,842 188,536 1,197,427 91,962 150,163 42,594 145,325 45,000

394,287 25,696 47,766 4,713 16,430 7,997 186,011 19,7601 4,823 7,8181

1,800 445,000 Leased to N.Y.& Erie Railroad 36,000

819,631 57,1407 13,111| 24,715) 28,125 none. 5,003,675 22,345 31,036 46,301

30,052 7,792 7,924 1,013 6,070 3.75per 210,000

[share 2,091,341 193,018|103,823 52,491 176,433 none. 16,430,868 642,943 363,209 146,934 399,547 3,579,567

548,353 59,900 48,877 8,652 45,947| none. 674,798 52,981 81,790 34,000 70,000 30,000

386,304 23,704 24 361 12,200 28,000 none. 1,102.505 53,920 75,592 13,857 44,476 672,910 70,839 26,693 20,951 53,663 28,361 15,730 1.805 2,424

3,229 1,000 2,363,043 263,52 (326,525 138,276|267,000 9 pr ct.

Leased to Tioga Navigation Company, 974,865 153,388)189,281|161,247| 89,911 11,400 275,425 58,590 30,990 26,219 46,000 3 pr ct 4,006,428 300,470533,953 291.318/103,497 333,015 221,961 No part of road in operation.

1208.95

}

9

6

106

5. Other Railroads in the United States.

Miles

Gross ExpenState. Name.

in

Cost. Receipts ses Length.

in 1849. in 1819. N. J. Burlington and Mt. Holly Branch,

6 Camden and Amboy,

61 Trenton Branch,

967?

3,200,000 999 024 635,312 New Brunswick Branch,

29
Camden and Woodbury,
New Jersey Central,

36 680,000
Morris and Essex (Newark to Dover), 36

400,000 Paterson (to Jersey City),

16 500,000 Ramapo & Paterson (conn.at R. with Erie R.) 17

New Jersey (Jersey City to N. Brunswick), 30 2,000,000 Penn. Philadelphia and Trenton,

30

500,000
Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown, 17
Germantown Branch,
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore, 99

481,613 353,176 Philadelphia and Reading,

93 11,531,447 Philadelphia and Columbia,

82 4,204,969
Philadelphia City,

6
Portage (Hollidaysburg and Johnsiown), . 364 1,783,000
Valley (Norristown to Columbia),

201
West Chester (to Columbia Railroad),

10
Pennsylvania (Lancaster to Huntingdon), 134
Cumberland Vall.(Harrisb’g to Chambersb'g), 56 1,250,000
Franklin (Chambersburg to Hagerstown), 22
York and Wrightsville,

13
Strasburg (Cumb. Vall. R. 10 Strasburg), 7
Little Schuylkill (Port Clinton to Tamaqua), 23 326,500
Danville and Pottsville,

445
Lilile Schuylkill and Susquehannah,
Williamsport and Elmira (N.Y.), open 25 m.

775
Blossburg and Corning (N. Y.),

40 600,000 Mt. Carbon,

71 Schuylkill Valley and Branches,

25 300,000 Schuylkill (Schuylkill to Valley R.),

13 Mill Creek (Port Carbon to coal-mine),

9
Minehill and Schuylkill Haven,

25 396,117
Mauch Chunk and Branches (lo mines), 25 100,000
Room Run (Mauch Chunk to coal-mine),
Beaver Meadow (Parryville to mine),

26 150,000
Beaver Meadow Branch,

12
Hazleton and Lehigh,

10
Nesquehoning (to Lehigh River),.
Lehigh and Susquehannah,

20
Carbondale and Honesdale,

21
Lyken's Valley (Broad Mt. to Millersburg), 164 170,000
Pine Grove,

4 Del. Frenchtown and Newcastle,

17

600.000 146,291 118,773 Md. Baltimore and Ohio (to Cumberland), 178 7,623,606 1,241,205 644,634 Frederick Branch, from Monocacy,

3
Baltimore & Susquehannah (to Columb.,Pa.) 75 3,370,282
Westminster Branch,

10
Baltimore and Washington,

31 1,650,000 Annapolis and Elk Ridge,

21 400,000 Richmond, Fredericksburg, & Potomac,* 76 1,458,219 Richmond and Petersburg,

224 875,405
Central,

71
Chesterfield (Richmond io coal-mines), 12 150,000
Appomatox (City Point to Petersburg), 12 196,556
Winchester and Potomac,

32 509,415 | 125,869 109,912 Portsmouth and Roanoke,

784 1,454,171 Greenville & Roanoke (Hicksford to Gaston) 20 284,433 N. C. Gaston and Raleigh,

87 1,600,000 Petersburg (to Weldon, N. C.),

63 Wilmington and Weldon,

162 1,800,000 S.C. South Carolina (Charleston to Hamburg), 136 Branchville and Columbia,

68 5,943,678 Camden Br. (from B. & C.' road to Camden), 44

5

1,250,000

.

Va.

* Acqua Creek to Richmond. † From junction of Rich., Fred., & Potom. to Charlottesville.

1851.)

IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1848 - 49.

209

$

Maine, 854,750

854,750 55,000 New Hampshire, None.

None.
Vermont,
None.

None.
Massachusetts,

1,085,508 5,049,555 6,135,064 56,456 Rhode Island, None.

None. Connecticut,

None.

58,212 New York,

22,804,216 1,233,905 24,038,122 1,259,036 New Jersey, 67,595

67,595 4,075 Pennsylvania, 40,511,173

40,511,173 1,988,616 Delaware, None.

None. Maryland,

10,549,291 5,360,689 15,909,981 580,210 Virginia,

9,387,963 6,039,292 15,427,255 555,685 North Carolina,

None. 977,000 South Carolina, 2,310,896

2,310,896 138,654 Georgia, 1,828,472

1,828,472 110,223 Florida, None.

None. Alabama, 8,539,110

8,539,110 418,627 Mississippi,

2,271,707 5,000,000 7,271,707 136,000 Louisiana,

1,380,566 14,857,565 16,238,131 78,914 Texas, 11,055,694

11,055,694 Arkansas,

3,682,172 180,000 3,862,172 153,670 Tennessee, 3,337,856

3,337,856 177,426 Kentucky, 4,497,652

4,497,652 269,859 Ohio, . 19,026,200

19,026,200 1,147,854 Michigan, 2,812,717

2,812,717 175,000 Indiana, 6,531,737

6,531,737 199,331 Illinois, . 16,612,795

16,612,795 Missouri, 956,261

956,261 75,000 Iowa, 55,000

55,000 5,500 Wisconsin, None.

None. California, 390,000

390,000 Total,

169,549,334 38,756,218 209,305,552 7,677,646 Total, near Jan. 1, 1849, 170,749,453 40,502,979 211,252,432 7,884,035 Total,"

1848, 169,776,030 35,932,008 205,708,038 8,521,671 Total, 6

1847, 165,129,900 51,781,654 216,911,554 9,072,939 Total, 6

1846,179,635,022 44,388,805 224 023,827 | 9,930,052 These tables are believed to be very accurate, being compiled almost exclusively from official reports made by the Treasurers and Auditors to the Legislatures of the several States, near the 1st of January, 1850. The account of the State debts, in particular, is full, and may be depended upon ; that of the several kinds of property owned by the States of course is more defective, - for the State archives seldom afford complete materials for accurate accounts of this sort, and the property is sometimes estimated at a nominal valuation, which is much above its market value. The editor of the American Almanac respectfully invites his correspondents in the

96,000