the public treaty, or if the Greeks refuse to execute it, the high contracting powers shall declare to that one of the two contending parties which shall wish to continue hostilities, or to both if such become necessary, that the said high contracting powers intend to exert all the means which circumstances may suggest to their prudence, to obtain the iminediate effect of the armistice, the execution of which they desire, by preventing, in as far as may be in their power, all collision between the contending parties, and in fact, immediately after the aforesaid declaration, the high contracting powers will conjointly employ all their means in the accomplishment of the object thereof, without, however, taking any part in the hostilities between the two contending parties. of dysentary and small pox, are now become such necessary incidents of the trade, that they excite no surprise. One case, however, which occurred so recently as Febuary last, may be specified. It is that of the Paulita Antonia Terrara, captured off Cape Formosa by lieutenant Tucker, of his majesty's ship Maidstone with 221 slaves on board. Her burden was only 69 tons, snd into this space were thrusted 82 men, 56 women, 39 boys, and 44 girls. The only provision found on board for their subsistence, was yams of the worst quality, and fetid water. When captured, both small-pox and dysentary had commenced their ravages. Thirty died on the passage to Sierra Leone and the remainder were landed in an extreme state of wretchedness and emacia In consequence, the high contracting powers will, im-ton." mediately after the signature of the present additional and It appears from a letter of Mr. Canning's to the British secret article, transmit eventual instructions conformable ambassador at Madrid, that these vessels are chiefly sent to the provisions above set forth, to the admirals com- out from Ilavana, and are equipped both for trade and war; manding their squadrons in the seas of the Levant. but their trade is in human beings, and their war is piraIII. Finally, if, contrary to all expectation, these mea-cy. If they obtain slaves, they and then surreptitiously sures do not yet suffer to induce the adoption by the Ot- at the back of Cuba, and enter Havana in ballast; if toman porte of the propositions made by the high con- otherwise, they seize the first vessel they meet, and if a tracting parties, or if, on the other hand, the Greeks re-slave ship, the better. nounce the conditions stipulated in their favor in the trea- "An instance is then mentioned as having recently octy of this day, the high contracting powers will, never-curred, in which a prize, with an English prize crew, had theless, continue to prosecute the work of pacification on disappeared, murdered, as it is supposed, by these pithe bases agreed upon between them; and, in conse- rates. In another instance the Netuno, Brazilan slave quence, they authorize from this time forward their re-ship, prize to his majesty's ship Esk, was proceeding to presentatives in London to discuss and determine the ulterior measures to which it may become necessary to resort. The present additional and secret article shall have the same force and value as if it had been inserted, word for word, in the treaty of this day. It shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged, at the same time as those of the said treaty. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed it, and have thereto fixed the seals of their arms. Done at London, this 6th of July, in the year of grace 1827. DUDLEY, Sierra Leone in the charge of Mr. Crawford, a master's mate, when she was boarded by the boat of a Spanish vessel called the Carolina, mounung ten guns. The pirate captain and another, who were threatening to drag Mr. Crawford from the prize, were shot dead by him, and the remainder of the boat's crew jumped overboard and regained their vessel. An action ensued, when the pirate was beat off, but not till one woman had been killed and another wounded on board the Netuno." The functionaries at Havana appear in this matter of the slave trade, to feel no obligation either of humanity or national faith. Under the very eyes of the commissioners, slave ships are fitted out. "Some of the cases are of a very aggravated description. In one case a vessel, the Minerva, is chased into the harbor by two British ships of war. Notice is given of THE SLAVE TRADE. the fact to the civil and military authorities; officers of the From the Bubimore American. captain general's suite visit the ship, and see her living On this subject we collect some particulars from the cargo; and notwithstanding all this, two hundred slaves, twenty first report of the London African institution.' which were on board, are landed in the presence and aeThe measures of various governments on the slave trade, tual view of the British naval officers belonging to the are passed in review in this doenment. France during ships which had chased her; and when t is disgraceful the past year has improved her legislation on this subject, proceeding is denounced, and the incontestible evidence having subjected to banishment, and a fine equal to the of the facts laid before the local authorities, there instantvalue of ship and cargo, on the parties concerned,-to-ly seems a concurrence among them to take no step to regether with confiscation of the ship and cargo them-cover the slaves and punish the delinquents. All they selves. These with other penalties provided, are inde- think of is to question the sufficiency of the proof, and to pendent of those incurred for other crimes, committed quibble about the law of the case. during the voyage, such as the murder of slaves. The past year exbibits, however, little diminution of the French slave trade. It is the practice of the traders to have double sets of papers, their own and generally the Dutch also, with which they are supplied at St. Eustatia, by connivance of the Dutch authorities. These are shown to French cruisers, while with the French they elude English capture. A new law is, however, expected in France. The Netherlands have indeed acceded to a mutual right of search, but their colonial functionaries place themselves in opposition to the government, which does not act with adequate vigor. Spain evinces one unvarying course of evasion in the colonial functionaries, and indifference, if not faithlessness, in the government; and though the number of Spanish slave ships condemned in the last year it Sierra Leone, is only six, yet the number boarded was immense; they swarin on that coast. The British treaty with Spain does not admit of their detention unless slaves are found on board, though the indication, of slave trading are as clear as the sun. They watch their opportunity, take their slaves aboard in a few hours, and sail for their destination. "The number of slaves captured on board these six ships was 1,360; but one of them being overset in a tornado, the slaves on board, to the number of 197, perished. The crowded state of these ships, and the sufferings of the slaves from that cause, and from the ravages Portugal for a long time refused to abandon this trade on the score of the necessities of her trans-atlantic possessions. But though Brazil is now independent, the trade continues, and Portugal has recently advanced a claim to carry it on for the supply of her Airican islands, the Cape de Verd, &c, whence it is easy to take slaves to Brazil or Cuba. Mr. Canning has however represented to Portugal her distinct engagement to use her flag only for the supply or he trans-Adantic possessions; and the result of the correspondence on this subject is an undertaking on the part of that power wholly to extinguish the traffic. By a late treaty of England with Brazil, the final period of the Brazilian slave trade, is fixed three years from its date, (March 1827), and the subjects of Brazil concerned therein, are thenceforth to be deemed guilty of piracy. Thus in three years, the slave trade will cease to have a legal existence in any part of the world. Hitherto, the Brazilian enormities, made known at the mixed commission court at Sierra Leone, have been extreme. "Between the 1st. January 1825, and 31st. July 1826, upwards of 1,500 Brazilian slaves were condemned into freedom; and it appears, from the Sierra Leone Gazette, that several important captures were subsequently made. One, the Principe de Guinee, freighted with 608 slaves, and strongly armed, was galiantly taken, after a desperate resistance, by lieut. Tucker, in a small schooner, a tender to his majesty's ship Maidstone. Another, the Intrepida, measuring only 109 tons, had on board, 310 slaves in a state of great wretchedness and emaciation, 70 of whom died in 46 days. A third, the Invincible, with a cargo of 440 slaves-a number it seems 63 short of her full complement; but these were so crowded together, that it became absolutely impossible to separate the sick from the healthy; and dysentary, ophthalmia, and scurvy breaking out among them-the provisions and water being of the worst kind, and the filth and stench beyond all description-186 of the number had perished in less than 60 days. Two Brazilian ships brought to Sierra Leone for adjudication, were restored because, though they had taken their slaves on board north of the line, they were actually captured south of the line, for which the treaty had not provided. The slaves on board these two ships, the Activo and the Perpetue Defensor, amounting in all to 590, when they understood they were to be given up to the claimants, mutinied, and effected their escape to the shore; and having made good their landing there, the acting governor refused to permit force to be used to recover them and they are now under the care of the colonial govern ment. II. And be it further enacted, That the duties imposed by this act shall be raised, levied, collected, recovered, and paid unto his majesty in like manner as any duties of customs are or can be raised, levied, collected, recovered and paid. Provided always, that nothing contained in this act shall extend to the charging at any time of any higher duty upon any corn, grain, meal, or flour, than would have been payable at such time on the same if this act had not been passed. Provided also, that nothing contained in this act shall extend to admit for home consumption any corn, grain, meal, or flour prohibited to be entered for home consumption, either on account of the sort or description of the same, or on account of the ship in which, or of the place from whence the same had been imported. The report says it is to be regretted, that no arrange ments have been made with the United States for the mutual suppression of this trade; and it then pronounces a strong censure on the internal slave trade of this country. Humanity has much to deplore, and national policy not less, on this painful subject; and though some misap-duced in the five weeks immediately preceding the same, prehension and exaggeration concerning it prevail in England, yet it is deeply to be lamented that we should afford to those who regard us at all times with national prejudice, so just a ground of censure. We heartily join in the sentiment of the concluding paragraph of the report. "The time, it may be hoped, is fast approaching when a better feeling will pervade every part of the world pretending to christian principle and to the light of civilization; and it is no slight encouragement to the cherishing of this hope, that a decree has recently appeared from the emperor of Austria, (remarkable both for the principles it asserts and the sanctions it imposes), utterly abolishing slavery through the Austrian dominions. "Every man," says his imperial majesty, "by the right of nature, sanctioned by reason, must be considered as a free person. Every slave becomes free from the moment he touches the Austrian soil, or even an Austrian ship." The free governments of Great Britain, America, and France may learn a salutary lesson of justice and humanity from this monarch. BRITISH FREE TRADE! An act to permit, until the first day of May, 1828, cer- III. And be it further enacted, That the average prices of corn, by which the rate and amount of the duties imposed by this act shall be regulated, shall be made up and computed on Thursday in each and every week, in manner following; that is to say, the receiver of the corn returns shall on such Thursday in each week, from the returns received by him during the week next preceding, ending on and including the Saturday in such week, add together the total quantities of each sort of corn respectively appearing by such returns to have been sold, and the total prices for which the same shall thereby appear to have been sold, and shall divide the amount of such total prices, respectively, by the amount of such total quantities of each sort of corn respectively, and the sum produced thereby shall be added to the sums in like manner proand the amount of such sums so added shall be divided by 6, and the sum hereby given shall be deemed and taken to be the aggregate average price of each sort of corn respectively, for the purpose of regulating and ascertaining the rate and amount of the said duties; and the said receiver of corn returns shall cause such aggrcgate weekly averages to be published in the next succeeding Gazette, and shall, on Thursday in each week, transmit a certificate of such aggregate average prices of each sort of corn to the collector or other chief officer of the customs at each of the several ports of the United Kingdom; and the rate and amount of the duties to be paid under the provisions of this act shall from time to time be regulated and governed at each of the ports of the nited Kingdom, respectively, by the aggregate average prices of corn at the time of the entry for home consumption of any corn, grain, meal, or flour, chargeable with any such duty, as such aggregate average prices shall appear and be stated in the last of such certificates as aforesaid, which shall have been transmitted as aforesaid, and received by the collector or other chief officer of the customs at such port. IV. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That in the returns to be made to the receiver of corn returns, and the publications so to be made from time to time in the London Gazette, and in the certificate so to be transmitted by the said receiver of corn returns to such collectors or other chief officers of the customs as aforesaid, the quantities of each sort of corn, respectively, shall be computed and set forth by, according, and, with reference to the imperial standard gallon, as the same is declared and established by an act passed in the 5th year of his present majesty's reign, entitled "an act for ascer taining and establishing uniformity of weights and measures, as the said act is amended by another act, passed the 6th year of his present majesty's reign, entitled "an act to prolong the time of the commencement of an act of the last session of parliament, for ascertaining and establishing uniformity of weights and measures, and to amend the said act." V. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That in each of the five successive weeks which shall elapse next after the passing of this act, the said receiver of corn returns shall make up and compute such aggregate weekly averages as aforesaid, by adding to the aggregate average price of each sort of corn respectively, for each such successive week, the aggregate average prices for the five weeks next immediately preceding, as the same shall have been published in the successive Gazettes of such five preceding weeks. VI. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That no corn, grain, meal, or flour shall be shipped from any port in any British possessions out of Europe, as being the produce of any such possessions, until the owner or proprietor or shipper thereof shall have made and subscribed, before the collector or other chief officer of customs at the port of shipment, a declaration in writing, specifying the quantity of each sort of such corn, grain, meal, or flour, and that the same was the produce of some British possession out of Europe, to be named in some declaration, and shall have obtained from some other chief officer of the customs at the said port, a certificate, under his signature, of the quantity of corn, grain, meal, or flour, so declared to be shipped; and before any corn, meal, grain, or flour shall be entered at any port or place in the United Kingdom as being the produce of any British possession out of Europe, the master of the ship importing the same shall produce and deliver to the collector or other chief officer of the customs of the port or place of importation, a copy of such declaration, certified to be a true and accurate copy thereof, under the hand of the collector and other chief officer of customs at the port of shipment before whom the same was made, together with the certificate, signed by the said collector or chief officer of the customs, of the quantity of corn so declared to be shipped; and such master shall also make and subscribe before the collector or other chief officer of the customs at the port or place of importation, a declaration in writing, that the several quantities of corn, grain, meal, or flour on board such ship, and proposed to be entered under the authority of such declaration, are the same that were mentioned and referred to in the declaration and certificate so produced by him, without any admixture or addition; and, if any person shall, in any such declaration, wilfully and corruptfully make any false statement respecting the place of which any such corn, grain, meal, or flour, was the produce, or respecting the identity of any such corn, grain, meal, or flour, such person shall forfeit and become liable to pay to his majesty the sum of £100, and the corn, grain, meal, or flour on board any such ship shall also be forfeited. Provided also, that the declarations aforesaid shall not be required in respect of any corn, grain, meal, or flour which shall have been shipped within three months next after the passing of this act. Barley: Whenever the average price of bar ley made up and published in manner required by law, shall be 33s. and under 348. the quarter, the duty for every quarter And in respect of every integral shilling, by which such price shall be above 338. such duty shall be decreased by 1s. 6d. until such price shall be 418. Whenever such price shall be at or above 418. the duty shall be for every quarter Whenever such price shall be under 338. and not under 32s. the duty shall be for every quarter And in respect of each integral shilling, or any part of each integral shilling, by which such price shall be under 32s. such duty shall be increased by 18. 6d. Oats:-Whenever the average price of oats made up and published in manner required by law, shall be 258. and under 26s. the quarter, the duty shall be for every quarter And in respect to every integral shilling, by Whenever such price be at or above 318. the And in respect of each integral shilling, or Rye, peas and beans:-Whenever the ave rage price of rye, or of peas, or of beans, made up and published in manner required by law, shall be 368. and under 378. the quarter, the duty shall be for every quarter And in respect to every integral shilling, by which such price shall be above 36s. such duty shall be decreased by 1s. 6d. until such price shall be 468. 0 12 4 010 0 13 10 093 010 0 10 9 0 15 6 010 Whenever such price shall be at or above 468. the duty shall be for every quarter Whenever such price shall be under 368. and not under 33s. the duty shall be for every quarter 0 16 7 And in respect of each integral shilling, or any part of each integral shilling, by which such price shall be under 338. such duty shall be increased by 18. 6d. VII. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That the commissioners of his majesty's customs shall, as soon as may be after the passing of this act, cause to be published in the London Gazette, an account of the total quantity of corn, grain, meal and flour, distinguishing the produce of his majesty's possessions out of Europe from the produce of foreign countries, which shall be in warehouse on the 1st of July, 1827; and shall once in each succeeding callendar month cause to be published an account of all corn, grain, meal or flour, distinguishing the produce as aforesaid, which shall in the month preceding have paid the duties established by this act, together with an account of the total quantity of each sort of the said corn, grain, meal and flour respectively as aforesaid, re-quarter of oats. maining in warehouse at the end of such next preceding callendar month. VIII. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue in force until the 1st day of May, 1828. A table of the temporary duties payable on corn, grain, meal or flour, imported from any foreign country, and warehoused or reported to be warehoused in the United ⚫Kingdom, prior to the 1st day of July 1827. Wheat:-Whenever the average price of wheat, made up and published in manner required by law, shall be 62s. and under 63s. the quarter, the duty shall be for every quarter And in respect to every integral shilling, by which such price shall be above 62s. such duty shall be decreased by 2s. until such price shall tre 728. £. s. d. Wheat meal and flour:-For every barrel, being 196 lbs. a duty equal in amount to the duty payable on 384 gallons of wheat. Oatmeal:-For every quantity of 181 lbs. duty equal in amount to the duty payable on a Maize or Indian corn, buckwheat, beer or A table of the temporary duties payable upon corn, grain Wheat:-For every quarter 1 2 8 Whenever such price shall be at or above 0 1 0 ner required by law, shall be 34s. per quarter 0 5 0 Rye, peas and beans:-For every quarter until the price of British rye, peas, or of beans, made up and published in manner required by law, shall be 41s. Whenever such price shall be at or above 418. the duty shall be for every quarter Wheat meal and flour:-For every barrel, being 196 lbs. a duty equal in amount to the duty payable on 384 gallons wheat. Oatmeal:-For every quantity of 1814 lbs. a duty equal in amount to the duty payable on a quarter of oats. Maize or Indian corn, buckwheat, beer or bigg: For every quarter, a duty equal in amount to the duty payable on a quarter of barley. 0 6 FOURTH OF JULY-AT PARIS. The Americans in Paris celebrated the anniversary of independence, in the usual style, this year. The 0 3 0 number of those who joined in the celebration, was unus ally great. Eighty persons sat down to a dinner, which was served up at the Cadran Bleu, Boulevarde du Temple, in a manner most creditable to the taste and attention of the proprietor of the establishment. His excellency, James Brown, minister of the United States, at the court of France, general La Fafayette, his son and seeretary, in compliance with the invitation of the committee, on behalf of the Americans at Paris, honored by their presence, the festivities of the day. I. Cox Barnet, esq. the American consul at Paris, presided, and Mr. Cooper, consul at Lyons, officiated as vice president. The rev Dr. Jarvis of Boston was present and offered up a fervent and a propriate prayer before the company took their seats at the table. [This law is prohibitory, except for wheat grown in Canada, or other British possessions, unless in case of something like a famine.] The following return shews the rates of duty proposed to be imposed on staves, in the new English custom house bill, compared with the existing duties: Wood, viz: staves, being the growth of the United States of America, or the growth of east or west Florida, or the growth of the Ionian Island, and being imported directly from thence respectively: Not exceeding 14 inch m thickness, and not exceeding 7 in breadth, viz: Not exceeding 36 inches in length, the 1,200, Above 36 inches in length, and not exceeding 50 inches in length, the 1,200, Duties at pres❜t. 078 1 6 0 After the regular toasts had been drunk, the president, upon hichalf of the committee, proposed the following, which was received with the most lively applause: La Fayette-the friend, pupil, and coadjutor of Washington-we know no higher eulogy. General La Fayette then rose, while the most perfect silence prevailed. "During a course," said he, "of more than half a century, and a series of successive AmeriDuties can generations, every opportunity has afforded me new prop'd. favors from them to acknowledge, new patriotic sympathies to exchange. Now, gentlemen, whilst I offer my respectful thanks for your so very gratifying toast in behalf of one of your veterans, our matchless Washington's adopted son, we have, in common to remember how last 30 year on the fiftieth anniversary of American independence, when we were all in our convival meeting, commemorating the three surviving signers of that immortal declaration, two of them, one its illustrious author, the other its strenuous supporter, had gone on that same day, as it were hand in hand, to join our departed revolutionary companions; and may I be indulged to observe, it has been to me a peculiar blessing to have been allowed, af40 ter forty years absence, once more to embrace those two 16-0 friends, with whom, in public labors, on both sides of the Atlantic, and by the ties of personal affection, I had been so long, and so intimately connected; to have had time to delight in mutual congratulations, on that immense, unexampled national prosperity, private welfare, domestic felicay, the evident result of a veteran's struggle for independence and freedom, and of those popular, truly represen 0 15 4 2 1 00 3 Above 50 inches, and not exceeding y 60 inches in length, the 1,200, Above 60 inches in length, and not exceeding 72 inches in length, the 1,200, Above 72 in length, the 1,200, 1 80 4 112 0 4 From the Baltimore American, of Aug. 27. A letter from a mercantile house in Liverpool, which we insert below, states what we are very apt to believe that the true reason of the sudden and ungracious refusal of the British ministry to renew the negotiation on the colonial trade, was not the one assigned, but the cla-tative institutions, for which has been happily created the mours of the shipping interest. name of self-government, and which may be considered as the charter of good sense and legitimacy of mankind. I therefore, beg leave to propose the following toast. Self-government-May this American neolegism become a universal language. The president then read the following: Our distinguished guest, James Brown-For his ta Tents, admiration-for his public services, honor-tor his hospitality to his countrymen, the tribute of our heartfelt acknowledgments. Extract of a letter from a mercantile house, dated Liverpool, July 2, 1827. "The duty on barrel staves coming direct from the United States to this country, has been increased from £3 16 8d. to £11 10s. for 1,200 which amounts to a prohibition. A bill has also just been passed through parliament, authorising the introduction by land into Canada from the United States, of staves, masts, and lumber of every description-horses, ashes, fresh provisions, &c. &c. and these articles, so admitted from the United States, Mr. Brown observed that the unexpected manner in will be received here, and in the West Indies, as the pro-which he had been noticed, produced a degree of embarduce of Canada. Staves, for instance, coming through rassment which would have prevented lum from rising, that channel, will pay only £1 for 1,200. Ashes will had he not feared that his silence might have been concome free through Canada; but if they come direct, they sidered as a proof of ingratitude, or insensibility. "I must pay 68. per cwt. Wheat is admitted into Canada, know," said Mr. B. "it has been remarked that 'out of the her, at a duty of 58. per quarter; from the United States, fullness of the heart the tongue speaketh:' and yet strange is prohibited: thus the Canadians may ship all they grow, as it may appear, I have no hope of finding at this tinie and supply themselves with cheap bread from America. adequate language to express to this company all the gra "The object of those arrangements are to monopolize tude I feel for the very kind, affectionate and flattering the carrying trade, and in them is to be found the true terms in which my name has been mentioned. If the secret why the ministry declined to negociate respecting kindliest feelings and best dispositions in relation to such the West India trade. Let no man in America suppose of my fellow citizens as visit Europe, can constitute a that their non-acceptance of the conditions as offered by claim to their good will, then, indeed, I feel that I am in the act of 1825, was the reason why they could not nego some degree cut tled to it: for whatever may have been ciate on the subject-the truth is, although they had your object in visiting France, whether to gratify a libepledged themselves to adjust the matter by negociat.ug n ral curiosity, or to increase your stock of literary, scieu1824, and renewed the pledge in 1825; in 1826 they de-tific and professional knowledge, it has been my constant termined to change their policy, and the clamors of the shipping interest, though unjust, urged them into it in an ungracious manner; and if you had accepted their terms, they would, when they determined to change the system, have found means to evade the spirit of that act, by some other. desire to aid you in its attainment. The approbation of my conduct, which you have been so kind as to express, derives much value from the character of the assemblage from which it is received. In the midst of intelligent and well informed young gentlemen, collected from every si te in Jhe union, we have the satisfaction to see one of the LIBERTY IN MEXICO. LEGATION OF THE U. S. OF AMERICA, distinguished actors in our revolutionary contest, whose name associated with that of our beloved Washington, will descend with imperishable renown to the latest posterity. Our festive board is also graced by the presence Mexico, May 7th, 1827. Whereas, in the regulations published in the city of of one of our citizens, who having little more than attain- Mexico, by order of the government, no foreigner can ed the age of maturity, has already by the fertility of his pass the frontier, or land in any of the ports of the repubinvention, and the felicitous manner in which he has in- lic, or travel thence into the interior, without a regular terwoven fact with fiction-amused, instructed and de- passport, issued or countersigned by some of the agents lighted both hemispheres. That my humble labors of viexico; and whereas the minister plenipotentiary of should have received the approbation of an assemblage so the United States of America, resident in Mexico, is redistinguished, and on an occasion so memorable, will al- quired by the said regulations to certify that persons calways be recollected by me, as amongst the happiest inci-ling themselves citizens of said states are entitled to the protection of his government as such, notice is hereby given, that every Americn citizen who leaves the United States with the intention of visiting Mexico, is expected to furnish himself with properly authenticated certificates of citizenship, countersigned by an agent of this republic. Passports issued by the Mexican vice consuls in the ports of the United States will not be considered as sufficient testimony of citizenship at this office. dents of my life. J. R. POINSETT. [The above we published some weeks since in the REGIS, and ve e unable to give it an explanation; the fol sheds some light on the subject.] lowing article from the New York Daily Advertiser As you have been so kind as to allude to my official services, permit me to remark, that much of what migh have been embarrsasing to me, in my present situation, has been rendered easy by the conduct of my fellow-citizens. It is sometimes the painful duty of a minister to interfere with the government at which he is accredited for the protection of his countrymen, either from the oppressive acts of authority, or from the consequences of their own inexperience and indiscretion. So correct has been the conduct of the American citizens residing in France; such their habitual respect for the laws and the constituted authorities, that in more than three years during which time I have had the honor to represent my country at this court, I have in no instance found my interposition necessary for their protection. Recollecting that your own country is the proper field for your political activity, you have abstained from intermeddling in the affairs of this government, and you have remained satisfied with the protection extended to you, and the should find it necessary to vindicate himself in such a mission to drink freely, and I might add almost gratuitous manner, against such a body as that above mentioned. A ly, at the abundant fountains of knowledge which are to friend, who has just returned from Vera Cruz, has furbe found in this interesting metropolis. You will returnished us with the document pub shed by the congress, to your country with an undiminished affection for it and which called forth the vindication of Mr. Poinsett. It is for its wise institutions, and you will be followed wher- entitled a "manifesto of the congress of Vera Cruz," and fills a pamphlet of more than twenty pages. It is cerever you go by my best wishes. tainly a most singular publication, especially considering the scource from which it proceeds, and contains a most per Mr. Brown then gave-the memory of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. the course pursned by Mr. Poinsett, our minister at When we published a short time since a statement of Mexico, in relation to an attack made upon him by the congress of Vera Cruz, we were struck with the singnlarity of the fact, that a person filling such a station, Mr. Cooper replied in a short but very handsome ad-gross attack upon Mr. Poinsett. dress, wherein he expressed his thanks for the very comIt seems, that he assisted at the installation of what was plimentary manner in which his talents had been alluded called the York lodge of Free Masons-an association to, and offered as a toast, "The happy return of all pre-ing and frightful colors-"finally there was observed ir which is described in the manifesto, in the following glowsent to their homes at some future day.' EFFECT OF LIBERTY. the horizon a small cloud, which at first caused no jealousy; but gradually increasing in magnitude, it at length This institution the manifesto says, "is in the opinio of the illustrious congress of Vera Cruz, a hundred-fol t In the dark ages which followed the downfall of the burst upon Mexico in a frightful tempest." Mr. Poin Roman empire, several republies were founded in the sett is then described as "a foreign minister, cunning ant northern parts of Italy; and while ignorance and barbar-hypocritical-as zealous for the prosperity of his ow! ism prevailed in other European countries, these states country, as hostile to that of Mexico; calculating, as Ve under the influence of free institutions, became rich and Cruz suspects, that the aggrandizement and glory o powerful, and enjoyed the comforts and ornaments of his nation is in inverse proportion to that of the Mexical life. "Their ships covered every sea; their factories states; and that the friendly relations of the latter with rose on every shore; their money changers set their tables Great Britain, may in time become disadvantageous in every city; and manufactures flourished. We doubt his own country; and under the influence of such feel whether any country of Europe, our own perhaps exceptings and such fears, they say he conceived a pro ed, have at the present time reached so high a point of Jet the most disorganizing and terrible for the republic wealth and civilization as some parts of Italy had attained of the lodge of York Free Masons." which was nothing more nor less than the establishmer 400 years ago." The revenue of the republic of Fierence was greater 500 years ago, than that which the grand duke of Tuscany (in whose dominions Florence is situated) now derives from a territory of much greater extent, The manufacture of wool alone employed 200 factories of the perfidious tyrant of Spain. A foreign invasio dangerous and destructive than twenty battalist and 30,000 workman in that republic; and the cloth annu- would arm all the patriots of the country to repulse the ally produced sold for a sum equd to $11,000,000 of our with blood and fire: all the invaders would be declare money. Eighty banking house's conducted the commer- enemies, and our heroes would have to contend with th cial operations, not of Florence only, but of all Europe. ] degraded vassals of a foreign and execrable monarch; b Two banking houses advanced to Edward third of Eng-lighting up an intestine war by the excitements and land, a sum in silver equivalent to 3,300,000, when the ties which the Scotch and York clubs provoke, we shou value of silver was quadruple what it now is. The city and re-distrust of the best servants of the country, and caim environs contained 170,000 inhabitants; 10,000 children would brand them with infamous insinuations; citizer were tanght to read in the various schools; 1,200 studied friends, and relations, would butcher one another wit arithmetic, and 600 received a learned education. The out pity, and in the meantime, the authors of our misf progress of literature and the arts was proportioned to that tunes would retire to a place of safety." of the public prosperity. All the sever vials of the Apocalypse have since been poured out on those pleasant countries. Their political institutions have been swept away; their wealth has de varied; literature and the arts have declined; the people are trampled on by foreign tyrants and their minds are enslaved by superstition; eloquence is gagged and reason hoodwinked. Hampshire Gazette. pa Mexico stood with regard to parties, previously to t They give a detailed account of the situation in whi establishment of York lodge, to which they ascribe t ing connected with the Iturbidists. "It is not hid," sa most mischievous intentions; and charge them with l the manifesto, "from the congress of Vera Cruz, th among the sectaries of York are to be found some tri disinterested patriots; it knows them by their names, a |