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12. Sir Francis Bacon. Spedding's edition, vol. ii, p. 112, § 13.

17. this proverb. 'Qui ha brasme, peut bien brasmer ses amys,' quoted by Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 377, l. 41.

32. Tench. An error for 'bream'.

PAGE 166. 8. a most honest and excellent angler. Nothing is known of him except his initials; see p. 171.

PAGE 167. 12. skulls. Obsolete form of 'schools' cf. 'schools of porpoises'.

PAGE 168. 12. one or two warms. Presumably when it has once boiled it should be taken off the fire, and then put on again to bring it up to boiling-point. This is also the right method of making Turkish coffee.

PAGE 171. 6. St. James-tide until Bartholomew-tide.
August 24.

July 25 to

PAGE 172. 4. the physician of fishes. See p. 173, l. 17, and

note.

6. Camden. The famous river Stoure, abounding with tench and eels' (Britannia (Gough's edition), vol. i, p. 45).

14. two little stones. Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 1179, 1. 14. 15. he is not commended, &c. Lovell, History of Animals, p. 227, quotes Dr. Caius (1510-73) as calling tenches 'good plasters, but bad nourishment'.

17. Rondeletius. See note to p. 46, l. 28. The reference is to his Univ. Aquat. Hist. pars alt., p. 157 bis.

PAGE 173. 17. physician of fishes. This belief in the healing power of tenches is said to have originated in a fact, which is vouched for by Holinshed, that Tench will crowd round a wounded Pike and nibble at the sore. Rondeletius (l. c., p. 197) says there is a friendship between Pike and Tench, because the Pike uses the slime with which the Tench is covered to heal his wounds. Sir Matthew Hale (cf. Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, art. Tench '), however, says that two pike in seven years emptied a pondful of carp, tench, &c.

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PAGE 174. 24. invade. 'Attack' (a person). (Obs.)

28. Aldrovandus. See note to p. 105, 1. 4. The present reference is to the De Piscibus, v, p. 627, § 1.

29. Gesner. Hist. Anim. iv, p. 824, l. 45. The proverb is ibid., 1. 56, and the story of the physicians 1. 57.

PAGE 175. 10. Rondeletius. I cannot find that he says so.

11. have in their brain a stone. Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 826, 1. 26. See note to p. 160, 1. 6.

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13. reins. Kidneys.' Lat. renes.

23. Sir Abraham Williams. I cannot find any information about him.

PAGE 176. 30. rove. 'Aim,' especially in archery.

PAGE 177. 15. like money put to usury. See note to p. 120, 1. 2.

24. Doctor Donne. John Donne (1573-1631), D.D., Dean of St. Paul's, and one of the metaphysical' poets of the seventeenth century. Collections of Poems by J. D. were published in 1633 and 1640. Walton wrote a Life of him. This poem (cf. pp. 69 and 70) appears on p. 37 of the 1650 edition, under the title of The Baite'. Walton has altered in l. 7 'inamour'd' to 'enamel'd'; 1. 15, 'my selfe' to 'mine eyes'.

PAGE 178. 17. Let coarse bold hands. A reference, apparently, to tickling' for fish, especially for trout. A fine description of this pastime can be found in Richard Jefferies' Gamekeeper at Home (1880), ch. viii, p. 190.

19. sleave. These lines should run :

Or curious traitors, sleave-silk flies,
Bewitch poor fishes' wandering eyes.

Sleave-silk is 'silk-thread' (N.E.D.). 'To sleave' is to divide into threads.

32. as money put to use. See note to p. 120, 1. 2.

PAGE 179. 6. Helena. I cannot find his authority for this. Helen, wife of Menelaus, was the most beautiful woman of Greece: her carrying-off to Troy by Paris, son of Priam, was the cause of the Trojan War.

24. Rondeletius. Univ. Aquat. Hist. pars alt., p. 200, 1. 2, 'Like dew-worms' ( = common earth-worms) is an addition of Walton's own.

§ 46.

28. Sir Francis Bacon. Spedding's edition, vol. ii, p. 128,

PAGE 180. 5. some of the Ancients. 'Anguillas ex love natas Matron Parodus apud Athenaeum fabulatur, nimirum quod eorum generatio incerta sit: qua ratione et fungos et tubera aliqui deorum filios dixerunt.'-Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 50, 1. 27. Matron, a famous parodist of Homer, is quoted by Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, iv. 135.

20. Gesner. Bede's Hist. Eccles. iv. 19, quoted by Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 49, l. 14. The Venerable Bede (c. 673735), a monk of Jarrow, was 'first among English scholars, first among English theologians, first among English historians', 'the father of our national education' (J. R. Green). His chief

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work, the Ecclesiastical History of England, is the best authority for early English history. His derivation of Ely from A.S. dl, eel', + ig, ‘isle', is apparently correct.

26. barnacles, &c. See p. 106, 11. 26 sqq.

29. Lobel. Mathieu L'Obel (1538-1616), the French physician and botanist after whom the Lobelia was named. He passed most of his life in England and became physician to James I. He gives a picture of Britannicae Conchae anatiferae' in vol. ii, p. 259, of his Icones Stirpium (1581), which contains figures of about 2,000 plants. For Du Bartas on goose-bearing trees and barnacles, see p. 106, 11. 26-33; for Gerard and Camden on the same, see the note to that passage.

32. Rondeletius. I cannot find this.

PAGE 181. 7. Sir Francis Bacon. See note to p. 179, 1. 28. 8. in his History, &c. Spedding's edition, vol. ii, p. 127, § 44: the story is found in Aelian, Hist. Anim. viii. 4. Crassus the orator was L. Licinius Crassus (140-91 B. C.), one of the greatest Roman orators. Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, who shared the censorship with him in 92 B. C., disliked the luxury in which he lived, and started this story of the Lamprey. Crassus, in a public speech, replied that if he had wept for his lamprey it was more than Domitius had done for any of his three wives. Walton appears to have mixed up Domitius with the Emperor Domitian (A. D. 51-96): the Lamprey was Crassus's own.

14. Doctor Hackwel. See p. 129, 1. 32 and note. This incident is in Apologie, IV. vii, § 6, p. 434, taken from Pliny, Nat. Hist. ix. 172.

24. some swallows, &c. It is now known that swallows migrate to Africa for the winter. It is probable that these stories of swallows found in trunks of trees were invented to account for their disappearance, otherwise unaccountable before their migration was discovered.

28. Gesner quotes Albertus. Hist. Anim. iv, p. 51, l. 17, but the reference given is Annales Augustae Vindelicae and not Albertus.

PAGE 182. 1. Camden. 'Near Altmouth is Ferneby, in whose marshes they dig turf. . . . Below the turf they find a stagnant blackish water, on whose surface swims an oily substance, and in the water are little fishes, which the diggers take up; so that one may call these fossil fish as much as those about Heraclea and Tius in Pontus. Nor is it surprising, when in such watery places fish follow the moisture under ground, that men go fishing with spades. As to there being many good fish dug up in Paphlagonia in places that have no water, there is some secret and extraordinary reason for it.' Britannia (Gough's edition), vol. iii, p. 129.

PAGE 185. 8. S. F. I cannot trace this person.

Proverbs xxv. 16 and 27.

19. Solomon says.
PAGE 186. 7. curiosity.
10. as the Jews do.
25. Winander Mere. Windermere: Britannia (Gough's
edition), vol. iii, p. 132.

Strangeness' or 'delicacy'. (Obs.)
See p. 160, 1. 13 and note.

PAGE 187. 5. Guiniad. Britannia (Gough's edition), vol. ii,
p. 538. Camden says the Gwyniad is peculiar to this lake (Lhin
tegid, Pimblemeer or Plenlinmeare, now Bala Lake).
is a fish of the salmon or trout kind, with white flesh.

It

18. Gesner. Hist. Anim. iv, p. 143, 1. 30. The barb is a slender fleshy appendage hanging from the corner of the mouth of some fishes, such as the barbel and the fishing frog; Lat. barba, a beard.'

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PAGE 188. 27. Rondeletius. See Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 145, 1. 24, who gives not Rondeletius, but Albertus (see note to p. 79, 1. 7), as his authority.

PAGE 189. 4. Gesner. Hist. Anim. iv, p. 145, ll. 48 sqq.

5. Gasius. Antonio Gazi (c. 1450-1530), an Italian physician. This passage occurs in his De conservatione Sanitatis (Venice, 1491), ch. cxxxvii, reg. 8, which is quoted by Gesner. 19. Plutarch. See De Sollertia Animalium, ch. xxiv.

PAGE 190. 8. store. Archaic without the indefinite article. Cf. Milton, L'Allegro, 1. 121, ' With store of ladies, whose bright eyes,' &c.

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20. tries conclusions. Tries experiments.' (Obs.) Cf. Shakespeare, Ant. and Cleop. v. ii. 358 :

She hath pursu'de Conclusions infinite
Of easie wayes to dye.

22. the long shower. It began on p. 114.

30. Doctor Sheldon. Gilbert Sheldon (1598-1677), Warden of All Souls and Archbishop of Canterbury, prominent adviser of Charles II. His benefactions to Oxford University include the Sheldonian Theatre.

PAGE 191. 10. a leash. A set of three. Originally used of greyhounds, three being the number fastened to one leash.

30. Hunting in Chevy Chase.' See p. 86, 1. 9 and note.

PAGE 192. 19. Groundling. In the Elbe districts Gründling, elsewhere Grundele. See Gesner, Hist. Anim. iv, p. 474, 11. 42 sqq.

24. to enter. See note to p. 71, l. 19.

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PAGE 193. 12. a Pope. A small thick-bodied freshwater fish
of the Perch family, seldom more than six inches long.

20. reserved. Retired,'' secluded.' Obs. and very rare.

PAGE 194. 1. Ausonius. See note to p. 46, 1. 28:

Quis non et virides, vulgi solacia, Tincas
Norit et Alburnos, praedam puerilibus hamis?

Idyl X, 'Mosella,' 1. 125.

7. Allamot salt. The American editor suggests that Allamot
is a corruption of Alto Monte in Calabria, where there was formerly
a salt mine of great value. But even that could hardly turn a
bleak into an anchovy. The word is unknown to the N.E.D.,
which, however, gives a similar corruption of Allamonti' to
Allamoth' as dial. names for the stormy petrel.

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10. a Pater-noster line. So called from its resemblance to
a rosary, in which the Paternoster, a special bead indicating that
the Lord's Prayer is to be said, occurs at regular intervals. The
whole rosary also is called a paternoster.

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16. answerable. Capable of answering requirements.'

(Obs.)

21. Sir Henry Wotton. See note to p. 4, 1. 8.

PAGE 196. 1. shovel-board. The players shove or drive by
blows of the hand pieces of money or counters towards certain
marks, compartments, or lines, marked on a table: also called
shovelpenny', or 'shove-halfpenny'.

10. dogged. 'Surly': not = 'stubborn' till eighteenth century.
22. my song. For Jo. Chalkhill, see note to p. 92, 1. 25.
This song appears only in The Compleat Angler, and apparently
(see p. 198, 1. 27) here in an altered form.

PAGE 197. 29. fray. 'Frighten.'

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PAGE 198. 32. without replications. Without answers or
protests.'

Lit. to the good'.

PAGE 199. 2. to boot. 'In addition.'
OE. bót, from the root 'bat'; cf. 'better'.
24. culverkeys. See note to p. 58, l. 16.

27. that field in Sicily. i. e. the field whence Persephone was
carried off to Hades by Pluto; see Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca
Historica, V, iii, § 2. This author, a contemporary of Caesar and
Augustus, spent thirty years writing his Historical Library, which
is a digest of myth and history from the earliest times till Caesar's
Gallic wars.

PAGE 200. 2. my Saviour said. Matthew v. 5.

8. the poet. I cannot trace these verses.

17. Phineas Fletcher (1582–1650). Rector of Hilgay in

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