forth Romish priests, not to serve Irish congregations only, but to propagate Popery in the remotest dependencies of the empire, and thus supplant the religion for which our martyrs bled, and which the Sovereign is sworn to maintain. In the present divided state of political parties in the senate the Romanist Members of Parliament, by banding together, sway the majorities, and have the power seriously to embarrass the Government. Hence the deference that is paid to them, and the more than ordinary respect that is shown to the community which they represent; a community which is eagerly grasping at privilege and power, and gains fresh accessions of them at every opportunity.

We ask, with Dr. Campbell, whether this state of things is to go on in perpetuity, under the sanction of a spurious liberalism, without check and resistance? He has here given his countrymen fair warning, and set before them the machinery that is in active operation for the subversion of the Protestantism which the people of this country have professed for three hundred years in other words, for corrupting the Christianity of the United Kingdom. He has done more. In thirty-five concise, but powerful and telling, chapters, he has given a just exposure and effective refutation of the tenets, institutions, and ceremonial of Popery, so as to have laid bare its pernicious errors, its intolerance, its immoralities, its hatred of the Bible, its deeds of cruelty and blood. We like his mode of handling these subjects. We observe in him no false delicacy, no spurious candour, but the genuine dictates of a righteous indignation. After the example of the Hebrew prophets, Dr. Campbell calls things by their proper names, and makes his readers see and feel what he really means. We never have to read a sentence twice over to ascertain its import.

His volume is, therefore, admirably adapted to popular use. It is a book for every class of Protestant people, whether learned or illiterate, displaying as it does a vast extent of well-digested reading, without any ostentatious display of recondite authorities. We should be glad to see it taken up by Protestant associations, and circulated to the widest possible Parliamentary

electors, actuated by what they call "liberal" views, and who see no harm in sending Romanists to the House of Commons, would do well to ponder the pages of this volume. Some of the chapters would make excellent tracts if published in a separate form, especially the chapter on the alleged "apostolical succession," which is a masterpiece of sound logic and effective satire.

As a friend of religious liberty, our author recommends no coercive measures in this emergency of our national affairs; but he suggests various means of self-defence to the different Protestant communities; such as a more generous support of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and an increased activity in the prosecution of its objects. Parents he urges to tell their children what Popery formerly was as a persecuting power, and what it cer tainly will be again, should it ever recover its lost ascendency. Cheap editions of Fox's Book of Martyrs are now accessible; and copies of that sterling old record of Popish cruelty should, if possible, be in every Protestant family, and made accessible to the children, who will never lose the impressions which they will receive from Fox's narrative and pictures. Teachers in Sunday-schools, and schoolmasters and mistresses, should so study the subject of Popery, as to be able to give the children under their care due warning against the deadly evil. Ministers in the pulpit, with out being offensively controversial,

should supply effective antidotes to the leading errors of the man of sin; and students, in the course of preparation for the pastoral charge, should be carefully instructed as to the anti-scriptural character and pernicious tendency of the Papal system. To be successful, all these appliances must be connected with incessant prayer in the closet, in families, and in the public assemblies of Christian worshippers. The abandonment of any people to destructive error, as the punishment of previous unfaithfulness, is a terrible calamity, which cannot be too earnestly deprecated. While the elect of God are valiant for the truth, and cry to Him day and night for His aid against the adversary, He will not long delay to consume the man of sin by the breath of His mouth, and destroy him by the brightness of His appearing.

On religious subjects in general we are prepared to dispute to the death the Pope's claim to infallibility; but on one point we are inclined to think that he does really possess that high qualification. His earnest fulminations against the Bible Society prove most conclusively that, in his judgment, Popery and the Bible are so entirely at variance, that they cannot exist together. If the Bible prevail, Popery must be abandoned. If Popery be in the ascendant, the Bible must be laid aside. The Pope therefore dreads the Bible, as the burglar dreads the morning light, and the footfall of the policeman. "Every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved." Nothing is more certain than the fact, that Popery can never prevail among a Bible-reading people. To impress the public mind, therefore, with the supremacy of Scripture, to create a love for the sacred volume, and to put the entire population in possession of that

inestimable treasure, should be the ceaseless endeavour of all the friends of God and man. It requires no extraordinary amount of sagacity to perceive that the tenets and ceremonies of Popery are neither to be found in the Bible, nor receive any countenance from it.

While the Bible is the grand antidote to the Papal system, other books may with advantage be circulated in defence of the truth. With the Reformers, their first object, in the accomplishment of their holy design, was to put the people in possession of the written word of God, and then to place in their hands other books, calling attention to the anti-scriptural character of the Popish system; and, so far as argument is concerned, the battle of Protestantism was fought and won at the time of the Reformation, and again when James II. made his insane attempt to re-establish the Papacy in England. Though the present is a reading age, it is not an age in which any great number of people can be induced to encounter such large and learned folios as Andrew Willet's "Synopsis," or Bishop Gibson's "Preservative." But tracts and small volumes, containing the pith and marrow of the controversy, setting forth in good Saxon English the flagrant idolatry, the superstition, the immorality, and the persecuting spirit of Popery, with its blighting influence upon the nations that have submitted to its domination, would be read, and produce the most beneficial effects, especially in neighbourhoods where the emissaries of Rome are particularly active. Home and City Missionaries, Scripture Readers, District Visiters, and earnest Christians in general, might be usefully employed in this kind of service, either as the agents of Protestant Societies, or of public-spirited and enterprising individuals.

Yet, after all, nothing is so ef

fectual an antidote to Popery, and to every kindred evil, as personal conversion. Let a man be deeply convinced of sin, and thoroughly penitent; let him obtain effectual relief to his burdened conscience by faith in the sacrificial blood of Christ; let the peace of God which passeth all understanding take the permanent possession of his heart; let the dominion of sin over him cease, and the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus make him free from the law of sin and death; in a word, let him pass from death unto life, and become a new creature in Christ Jesus; and he will at once feel that he needs no priestly absolution, no penance of man's devising, no pretended sacrifice of the

mass, no purgatory. He possesses a title to heaven arising from his filial relation to God, and a meetness for its joys by virtue of the sanctifying grace of the Holy Spirit. What is the chaff to the wheat? the tinsel of ceremony to the solid gold of sound evangelical religion? If the Protestants of the United Kingdom do not rise, as with the heart of one man, against the Papal aggression of which they are faithfully warned, they will prove themselves to be a degenerate race, unworthy of the great divines and statesmen of former times, who won for them their liberties and high position, and of whom they have long been accustomed to make their boast.

THE PENGUIN.-The introduction of a living penguin into the menagerie of the Zoological Society, is to be regarded as a circumstance of importance, as it will enable naturalists to observe the habits and mode of life of this most singular group of fish-like birds. Hitherto all attempts to import these birds have failed, the animals always dying on the passage. The individual now living in the Gardens is not the common species, the Aptenodytes demersa of naturalists, the jackass-penguin of the sailors, but the king-penguin, Aptenodytes pennantii. This more ornamented species is at once distinguished by the orange tint of the breast, and of the occipital feathers. In the penguin every organ is modified so as to suit its aquatic habits; the sickleshaped wings are perfectly useless in the air, hanging pendent by the sides of the upright body of the animal; in the water they become powerful paddles or fins, urging the progress of the bird with a sufficient degree of rapidity to enable it to hunt down and capture the fish on which it feeds. The legs and tarsi are extremely short, and are situated so far backward that the body of the bird is supported in a perfectly perpendicular attitude, the animal, when at rest, supporting itself on the two feet and the

tail, as on a flattened tripod. The common penguin is described by Mr. Darwin and other naturalists as progressing on land on its breast, using its paddles or modified wings as fore legs. The specimen in the Gardens does not seem to move in this manner, but walks or rather waddles on its webbed feet with very short and toddling steps. The specimen, which is placed in the pelican enclosure, to the left of the chief entrance to the Gardens, is very tame, following the keeper for its food; the general appearance is that of considerable intelligence.

THREE RULES FOR GOOD READING.-First. Finish each word. I use the phrase in the sense of a watchmaker or jeweller. The difference between two articles, which at a little distance look much the same, all lies in the finish. Each wheel in a watch must be thoroughly finished; and so each word in a sentence must be most completely and carefully pronounced. This will make reading both pleasant and audible. Careful pronunciation is more important than noise. Some time ago I heard a person make aspeech in a large hall. Hespoked'stinctly; and I heard every word. Unfor tunately, he became warm in his subject, and spoke loudly and energetically; and im

mediately his speech became an inarticulate noise. Secondly. Do not drop the voice at the end of a sentence. Simple as this rule may seem, it is one most necessary to enforce. If the whole of a sentence be audible except the conclusion, the passage read becomes discontinuous,-2 series of intelligible portions interspersed with blanks. Confusion, of necessity, attaches to the whole. Thirdly. Always read from a full chest. The reading voice should always be a complete voce di petto: and the chest, which is truly the wind-chest of the human organ, should never be exhausted. This is as important for the speaker as for the hearers, and for the hearers as for the speaker. The voice is delivered with case, and becomes agreeable. Singers know well the importance, indeed the necessity, of taking breath at proper places. The same thing is important for reading; and for reading in a large building attention to this matter is indispensable.-Dean of Ely.

LAW IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS THIRTY YEARS AGO.-When Pomare, King of Otaheite, became a Christian, he was anxious to frame laws for his people on Christian principles; and one instance of his legislation is peculiarly suggestive. He promulgated a code of criminal laws, consisting of nineteen articles, and appointed four hundred judges to carry these laws into effect. Murder alone was to be capitally punished. Calumny in the first degree had a penalty attached to it. The calumniator was obliged to make with his own hands a piece of high road, from two to four miles long, and twelve feet wide. "The road must be rounded," says the royal ordinance, "that the rain water may run off on each side." "If there were a similar law in France," says Chateaubriand in his Travels, "we should have the finest roads in Europe!"

Christians, who profess to be guided by the "more excellent way" of the law of love, and the example of Him "who spake as never man spake," are commanded to "speak evil of no man.' "Lord, have mercy upon us, and incline our hearts to keep this law!"

THE TREASURES OF UTILITY AND BEAUTY IN COAL.-When heated in a close vessel, coal yields, I. Lamp-gas; 2. Coal-tar; 3. Water; and, 4. The remainder, coke.

No less than fifty-one distinct substances have been already obtained from coal. Ammonia, for manure, is made of

lamp-gas, as it passes into the gaso

meters.

From coal-tar, once burnt to save fuel in gas-making, comes, by distillation, coal-oil; of which one sort is heavy,black, ill-odorous; used to cover and preserve wood-work, and to heal bad wounds: creosote, one of these oils, is used as a remedy for toothache, &c. Another sort is light, floating on water, called 'coal-naphtha;" which, distilled again, yields, besides paraffine, &c., benzol (used, under the name of "benzine collas,' to cleanse grease from leather, wool, silk, &c.) It is colourless, and has the smell of coal-gas. Treated with nitric acid, benzol becomes nitrobenzol, a heavy oily mass, with a sweet odour of almonds, used much to scent soaps, under the name of "essence of mirbane."

Treat nitrobenzol with hydrogen gas, and an oily substance is formed, which is the base of all the beautiful dyes now in general use. This is called aniline, which is an alkali akin to those obtained from tobacco and hemlock, and contained in indigo. In 1856 the mauve dye was discovered in England, by Mr. Perkin. He mixed aniline with bleaching-powder, and was surprised by the bright purple colour which flashed out of it.

Aniline, being a vegetable salt, proves the origin of coal from plants. It is a very strong dye; one-tenth of a grain will colour a gallon of liquid.

Acted on by lime, acids, and salts of tin, potash, &c., aniline yields various colours. Magenta, a splendid crimson, is produced from it by salts of mercury or tin. Rose, blue, yellow, green, and black, are yielded by other salts with aniline; and these dyes are now generally used, being purer, brighter, and more lasting than any others. Silk or wool dipped in such a dye is fixed in an instant of a mauve or magenta colour; but flax, cotton, and paper must be first coated with gluten, or this dye will not hold.

More sunny lands yield brighter natural tints than ours; but the coal-dyes enable us to produce colours of almost equal brilliance.

Faraday discovered benzol in 1825: thirty years after, Mr. Perkin detected the colour-mine in aniline. What was at first a chemical curiosity is now a process of great commercial importance.

Thus black coal, besides all its other uses, yields a glory bright as the rainbow and more lasting. Coal warms us, gives us light, boils, bakes, roasts, smelts, hardens, calcines, yields paint, heals, cures pain, manures the land, cleanses,

adorns, and beautifies the person with sweet perfume and dyes of a thousand

tints.

Who can reckon the number of families which coal supplies with bread, as they labour to mine it, or to manufacture all these products of it?

The printer, the paviour, the engineer, the turner, the cutler, the candle-maker, the druggist, the farmer, are all directly helped by materials yielded by coal. Our steam power by land and sea, and our foundries, depend on it. Coal is to us as a second sun for light and heat, as wings over the land and winds upon the waters. It is power, far above the strength of

man and beast; without it iron would almost sleep in the ore, and gold be robbed of half its worth. Coal lessens suffering, ministers comfort, and multiplies delight; and, if all these uses and benefits be reckoned together, can any work of our God be mentioned so wonderfully combining fitness with fulness, or one that shows more undeniably the necessity of education, of the habit of exact research, of adding fact to fact, and of the duty of so communicating every discovery and improvement as to render them instrumental to the general welfare of mankind?

HE walketh on the waters,
Calm in the midnight storm:
The seething billow beareth
That mild, majestic Form.
The wind is but His chariot,
Obedient to His word:

Who knows the path Thou takest?
Creator! Jesus! Lord!

He walketh on the waters,
He ruleth wind and wave;

The storm-toss'd bark He steereth,-
He watches but to save.

In His right arm is safety;
With Him is life and light:
Wait for Him, though He tarry
Till the "fourth watch" of the night.

Distrust meets no upbraiding,
All terror is allayed;

"Be of good cheer," He whispers,
"'Tis I; be not afraid,"
Hark! as the sweet assurance
Breaks gently on the ear,
Each sinking heart respondeth,
""Tis He; be of good cheer!"

'Tis He who cleansed the leper,
The evil one cast out;
'Tis He who fed the hungry :
Ye loved ones, can ye doubt?
Who, 'neath the vault of heaven,
E'er yet the waters trod,

Or quench'd their foaming fury,
Save Christ, the Son of God?

Ah! while on earth they wandered,
Those often weary men,

Forgat they e'er that whisper
That stole upon them then?
With every stormy breaker
The Master still was near;
His love upheld His weak ones,
""Tis I; be of good cheer!"

O, Son of man! still sleepless,
When others toil or weep,
Thou, 'midst the wildest tempest,
Dost ceaseless vigil keep.

Come, Lord! our "fourth watch" waneth;
Come, Thou,-deliverance bring;
Of Thy little band the Brother,
The Bridegroom, and the King.

Far o'er the world's wide waters
The open door is seen:
Thy dove, with white wings weary,
Prays Thee to take her in.
There's light upon the billow,
As the wild blast sweepeth by;
We hear the heavenly message,
"Be not afraid; 't is I."

O! chase away the shadows,
We long to see Thy face;
Each lonely hour has brought us
Nearer to Thine embrace.
Come, Lord, we wait Thy coming;
With Thee is joy and light:
Sweet hope! soon, soon shall vanish
The "fourth watch" of our night!