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*Not determined. The insoluble, 11.69, includes that soluble in ammonium citrato.

↑ Assumed price.

Nos. 16 and 47 were bought in 1875,

Potash.

Nitrogen.

gen. Ammonia equivalent to nitro

Retail price per ton.

Nitrogen.

Soluble in water.

VALUATIONS.

Cost of one pound each of val uable ingredients, at prices stated.

Phosphoric acid.

Soluble in ammo

nium citrate.

Insoluble.

Potash.

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* Soluble in water, 1.76 per cent.; soluble in ammonium citrate, 2.47 per cent.

8. Improved methods of drying fish scrap.

The Hogle patent drying machine, manufactured at the works of H. B. Bigelow, New Haven, Conn., consists of a boiler containing sev eral iron cylinders, in which the scrap is placed after it has been taken from the press, and where it is quickly dried by steam-heat. One of these machines is said to convert a ton of scrap into dry guano in an hour's time. The guano prepared in this way brings a much higher price than the ordinary scrap. An item in the New York Herald of July 22, 1872, stated that the former would command the price of $35 per ton, while ordinary scrap is worth $14. Ordinary scrap contains from 5.06 to 10 per cent. of ammonia, while this contains 15. Mr. Maddocks remarks:

"With reference to drying by artificial means, which is obviously important, no doubt is felt that the apparatus now in operation will effect the work as thoroughly as may be desired, and cheaply and quickly also, provided only the oil in the scrap be reduced as above described. "Two companies belonging to the association have succeeded in drying the scrap in considerable quantities, notwithstanding the obstacles referred to. The scrap is passed through a slightly-inclined heated iron cylinder, 30 feet long and 4 feet in diameter, and on the passage is agi. tated by paddles attached to a revolving shaft, and comes out at the lower end dried to about 25 per cent. of moisture. The process will be greatly promoted in dispatch and efficiency by the application of the new oil-saving method, and the whole manufacture will then be under full control. The scrap can at once, upon withdrawal from the press, be subjected to the drying process by furnace heat, irrespective of the state of the weather, and thus the loss of oil by leakage, mentioned above, and of ammonia by decomposition, be forestalled. 1f the con tained moisture is reduced to a per cent. no lower even than 20 or 25, the scrap can be kept on the spot at convenience, and without offense to the senses, or transported as required."

In early days the fish-scrap was not dried, but was allowed to ferment in great heaps, sometimes not even protected from the weather At the old-fashioned oil-works may still be seen these heaps of foul decaying fish, filled with maggots and flies. Salt is sometimes added; also kainit, or sulphuric acid. These arrest decay for a time, though nothing is so effective as a thorough drying process.

APPENDIX P.

EXPORTS OF MENHADEN OIL FROM THE PORT OF NEW YORK, FROM JANUARY, 1875, TO

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*Compiled by Jasper Pryer, with William Warden, commission and shipping merchant, 88 Wall street, New York.

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