Agrarian Landscapes in Transition: Comparisons of Long-Term Ecological & Cultural ChangeOxford University Press, 18 հլս, 2008 թ. - 296 էջ Agrarian Landscapes in Transition researches human interaction with the earth. With hundreds of acres of agricultural land going out of production every day, the introduction, spread, and abandonment of agriculture represents the most pervasive alteration of the Earth's environment for several thousand years. What happens when humans impose their spatial and temporal signatures on ecological regimes, and how does this manipulation affect the earth and nature's desire for equilibrium? Studies were conducted at six Long Term Ecological Research sites within the US, including New England, the Appalachian Mountains, Colorado, Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona. While each site has its own unique agricultural history, patterns emerge that help make sense of how our actions have affected the earth, and how the earth pushes back. The book addresses how human activities influence the spatial and temporal structures of agrarian landscapes, and how this varies over time and across biogeographic regions. It also looks at the ecological and environmental consequences of the resulting structural changes, the human responses to these changes, and how these responses drive further changes in agrarian landscapes. The time frames studied include the ecology of the earth before human interaction, pre-European human interaction during the rise and fall of agricultural land use, and finally the biological and cultural response to the abandonment of farming, due to complete abandonment or a land-use change such as urbanization. |
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3 | |
A Comparative Perspective | 16 |
Ecological Legacies and Conservation Patterns Shaped by Agrarian History | 44 |
3 Agricultural Transformation of Southern Appalachia | 89 |
LongTerm Change and Resilience in the Shortgrass Steppe | 122 |
5 The Political Ecology of Southwest Michigan Agriculture 18372000 | 152 |
Legacies and Resilience | 206 |
A Narrative of Central Arizona | 238 |
Conclusion | 272 |
279 | |
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20th century acreage acres agrarian landscapes agricultural animals archaeological biophysical bison canals cattle Census Center central Arizona climate Colorado conservation corn counties Coweeta cropland crops cultural decline diversity drought dynamics early eastern ecological economic ecosystem England environment environmental European American expansion farmers farmland Flint Hills Fordist fruit global grass grassland grazing growth habitats Harvard Forest High Plains Hohokam human impacts increased industrial irrigation Kansas Kellogg Biological Station Konza Konza Prairie land-use legacies livestock LTER Massachusetts Motzkin Native American natural North number of farms pasture patterns period pest Phoenix Pinal County plant population Potawatomi regimes region River Valley rural Salt River scale settlement settlers Shortgrass Steppe social soil Sonoran Desert South South Platte River southern Appalachia southwest Michigan southwestern Michigan spatial species study area tallgrass prairie tion transformation U.S. Department University Press upland urban vegetation wheat Woodland