ON ANCIENT ARROWS AND A NEW METHOD OF ARROW RELEASE. EDW. S. MORSE, Salem, Mass. By Prof. PALEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS FROM THE GRAVEL, NEWCASTLE Co., DELAWARE. BY HILBORNE T. CRESSON, Philadelphia, Pa. [Presented by Prof. F. W. Putnam. Printed in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIV, 1889.] CHIPPED IMPLEMENT FROM THE GRAVEL ON THE EAST FORK OF WHITE RIVER, JACKSON CO., INDIANA. BY HILBORNE T. CRESSON, Philadelphia, Pa. [Presented by Prof. F. W. Putnam. Printed in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. xxiv, 1889.] EXHIBITION OF copper and STONE IMPLEMENTS. BY WALTER C. WYMAN, Chicago, Ill. IOWA MOUND-BUILDERS' RELICS. BY JOEL W. SMITH, Charles City, Iowa. WOMAN'S SHARE IN PRIMITIVE INDUSTRY (with lantern illustrations). By Prof. O. T. MASON, Washington, D. C. [Printed in American Antiquarian, 1889.] MAN DURING THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD IN AMERICA. BY THOMAS WILSON, Washington, D. C. ON A REMARKABLE GOLD ORNAMENT FROM THE UNITED STATES OF COLUMBIA. By GEO. F. KUNZ, New York, N. Y. A REMARKABLE JADEITE TABLET FROM SANTA LUCIA COTZULMALGUAYRA, GUATEMALA. By GEO. F. KUNZ, N. Y. SOME NEW GROUPS OF EFFIGY MOUNDS: THEIR LOCATION AND SIGNIFICANCE. By Dr. STEPHEN D. PEET, Mendon, Ill. THE CLAN SYSTEM AMONG THE MOUND BUILDERS. By Dr. STEPHEN D. PEET, Mendon, Ill. DID THE CHEROKEES BUILD THE SO-CALLED VILLAGE ENCLOSURES OF THE SCIOTO VALLEY? By Dr. STEPHEN D. PEET, Mendon, Ill. THE MOUNDS IN THE MISSISSIPPI BOTTOM LANDS AS PLACES OF REFUGE FROM HIGH WATER. By Dr. STEPHEN D. PEET, Mendon, Ill. OFFICERS OF SECTION I. Vice President. C. W. SMILEY of Washington. Secretary. CHARLES S. HILL of Washington. Member of Council. EDWARD ATKINSON of Boston, Mass. Members of Sectional Committee. N. S. TOWNSEND of Columbus, Ohio, B. E. FERNOW of Washington, H. E. ALVORD of Agricultural College, Md. Member of Nominating Committee. LESTER F. WARD of Washington. Members of Sub-committee on Nominations. EDWARD H. FITCH of Jefferson, Ohio, C. B. GARDNER of Rochester, N. Y., W. H. HALE of Albany, N. Y. ADDRESS BY CHARLES W. SMILEY, VICE PRESIDENT, SECTION I. ALTRUISM CONSIDERED ECONOMICALLY. THE primary motive of human action has always been the care of self, this being for man nature's first and greatest law. In his unthinking zeal he has often followed this to a degree unnecessary and consequently harmful to others. In his savage state and especially in his primeval condition, where he was subject, like all the lower forms of life, to the law of the survival of the fittest, he could not consider others' interests because they were so antagonistic to his own. Often one of two must starve, and each would let it be the other one; he did not even become conscious that he was so acting for a very long period of time. It was the progress from a being not human to the being called man when sufficient intelligence had accumulated to make him conscious that he could live and let live. That point was also marked by and synchronous with the acquirement of such weapons and such skill as enabled man to procure food enough to make the starvation of some unnecessary. Then the war for the survival of the fittest, as known to biology, ceased among men. Ever since, so far as there has been a struggle affecting the survival of the fittest, and that struggle continues to the present day in certain ways, it has been of a different sort and one which must not be confounded with the biologic law of the survival of the fittest. Major Powell has admirably shown how the strictly biologic struggle has ceased in man but he has not yet shown, as may be, the character of that struggle, largely intellectual, which still works out certain survivals of the fittest. |