recommend to the citizens of Ohio the work already begun at the Serpent Mound in that state by citizens of Massachusetts.

This resolution brought forth remarks on the necessity of preserving the wonderful relics of prehistoric man which exist in Ohio and also in other parts of the country.

Professor PUTNAM said that it had been discovered that some earthworks in Asia bear a strong resemblance to those in Ohio and it was most important to preserve the latter, in order that comparisons be made in the future. He called particular attention to the duty of the citizens of the state, upon whom largely rested the responsibility of rescuing from destruction these monuments of another race. He called upon the people of Cleveland to furnish funds for that purpose. Fort Hill, he said, bears evidence of great antiquity, and it has a peculiar interest for all students of archæology.

Mr. THOMAS WILSON of Washington, called attention to the methods by which European nations take care of their prehistoric monuments and emphasized the necessity for similar proceedings in the United States.

The following resolutions were then read :

Resolved, that we, the members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, hereby desire to express our heartfelt thanks to the LOCAL COMMITTEE selected by the citizens of Cleveland to look after our well-being; that we duly appreciate the work done for our individual comfort and pleasure and also that performed for the success of the meeting by the subcommittees; that we gratefully record our obligations to the genial secretary, Dr. ELROY M. AVERY, who with untiring energy has performed the laborious and often onerous duties of his important office.

Resolved, that the thanks of this Association are due and are hereby heartily tendered to the LADIES of the Local Committee and their friends for their thoughtfulness, their devoted attention and their generous hospitality to members and their families during our stay in this beautiful city. We offer our thanks to the Managers of the Excursion to Kelley Island and Put-in Bay, who had the rare foresight and wisdom to select for that occasion the most lovely day of the week, who provided for us pleasant and amiable company and who, without forgetting our material wants, delighted our ears with strains of sweet song and music rendered by a corps of artists who gave evidence that Cleveland is a city where the fittest survive' in many different forms. This favorable combination made the occasion one that will long linger in the memory of the fortunate ones who participated. We particularly desire to place on record our obligations to Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Everett, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Chisholm, Mr. and Mrs. T. D. Crocker, Mr. and Mrs. R. K. Winslow, Mr. and Mrs. George H. Ely, Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Tyler, Mrs. J. E. Carey, and Mrs. J. F. Clarke, for the kindness shown us in opening their homes to us, giving us an op

portunity to see some of the most beautiful residences on one of the finest avenues in our country. Likewise to Mr. W. J. Gordon for opening his beautiful and extensive park for our enjoyment, and to Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Holden for the delightful reception given us at their charming summer residence on the lake shore.

The facilities of the High School, making it possible to hold the meetings of all the sections under one roof, are duly appreciated, and that this building was placed at the disposal of the Association for our meetings calls for a cordial expression of thanks to the Board of Education.

Our thanks are due to the Daily Press of Cleveland for the care which has been taken to publish abstracts of papers and addresses and long series of editorials and notices, by which the work of the Association has been placed before the public, again demonstrating its valuable aid in the diffusion of knowledge. To the Western Reserve Historical Society which opened its rooms at hours most convenient to the members of the Association, giving thereby an opportunity to examine the valuable collections accumulated by the energy and perseverance of a few far-sighted members of the community, we also offer our appreciative thanks.

To the Western Union Telegraph Company for placing its wires at the disposal of the members of the Association for the transmission of social messages; to the various Railroad Companies for granting reduced return fares; to the Telephone Exchange for facilities granted, and to a host of citizens of Cleveland who have contributed to the comfort and pleasure of the members of the Association during this our thirty seventh meeting, we offer our most grateful acknowledgment and our heartfelt thanks.

These resolutions were warmly seconded by Messrs. MASON, MUNROE, JASTROW, PEET, MENDENHALL, MORSE and BRINTON, and carried unanimously.

Professor HERBERT C. FOOTE of Cleveland, responded in behalf of the ladies of the Local Committee, and President CADY STALEY delivered a few timely remarks, wishing the visiting scientists godspeed and stating that, as he had predicted at the opening session, the people of Cleveland had been benefited by the meeting of the Association.

The PERMANENT SECRETARY then gave his usual statistical report of the meeting.

Vice President Cook then declared the meeting adjourned, and expressed the hope that all would meet again in Toronto in August, 1889.

JULIUS POHLMAN,
General Secretary.

REPORT OF THE PERMANENT SECRETARY.

THE thirty-seventh meeting of the Association was guided by another generation than that of 1853, when its seventh meeting was held in Cleveland. Fortunately for the Association it yet has among its most honored members several who took part in the former meeting, and it is well that the principles of its founders have been retained, so that the necessary changes, required to meet the demands made by the great advances in science, have been brought about with due caution and have not turned the Association away from the great object which led to its existence.

As in the development of the Association itself, so in the city of Cleveland, thirty-five years have made great changes in national progress, in development of resources, and in the wonderful application of science to the arts for which the city is noted. This was well told at the meeting by Dr. Staley, the President of the Case School of Applied Science; a school which is destined to foster scientific research in its widest sense, by carrying out the objects of its generous founder in properly applying science for the benefit of man. With all this great development in material progress and in wealth, it is very apparent from the educational, historical, literary, and artistic institutions of the city, that culture has not lagged behind; while the old-time generosity of the people was shown by the cordial greeting and the kindly care given to the members of the Association at the meeting of 1888. That the next generation will find still further progress, with ample endowments for research in all departments of science, can be foretold in a city where so much of its wealth has been secured through the application of scientific principles; but it is to be hoped that their foundations will not be delayed too long, and that this beautiful city by the lake will not be outstripped by her rivals in culture and progress.

Several unfortunate circumstances resulted in a smaller attendance of members at the meeting than was reasonably expected. The change of date, made necessary by a great gathering in the city which took place at the time first assigned for the meeting of the Association, and the convening of the National Educational Association at a distant point, both tended to decrease the number of members in attendance at the Association. The natural aversion to going into the interior of the country in August always tells against such meetings, but, as numbers is not the primary object of the Association, a small meeting must not be looked upon as necessarily an unsuccessful one, and certainly this was not the case at Cleveland.

The three hundred and forty-two registered as members and associates in attendance at the Cleveland meeting were from the following places :City of Cleveland, not including the citizens who attended the meeting without joining the Association, 32; from the rest of Ohio, 43; from New York, 56; Washington, 40; Massachusetts, 19; Pennsylvania, 18; Illinois, 16; Michigan, 16; Wisconsin, 12; Iowa, 11; Indiana, 11; New Jersey,

10; Canada, 7; Connecticut, 6; Nebraska, 5; Kansas, 5; Kentucky, 4; Virginia, 4; Mississippi, 4; Tennessee, 3; Minnesota, 3; Missouri, 3; Maryland, 3; Arkansas, 2; Texas, 2; Maine, 1; New Hampshire, 1; Rhode Island, 1; West Virginia, 1; North Carolina, 1; California, 1; Paris, 1.

Of the 182 members elected since the New York meeting, 130 have perfected their membership, also two who were elected at New York; and twenty members have paid their arrears making 152 names added to the roll since the New York volume was published. From the New York list, 24 names have been transferred to the list of Deceased Members, 20 Members have resigned and 100 have been omitted for arrearages, making a deduction of 144 from the list. Five have become Life Members; 36 members have been transferred to the list of Fellows, and one Fellow has been made an Honorary Fellow. Of the 1,964 now on the roll, 230 are at this date in arrears for the New York and Cleveland assessments.

The following gives a comparative statement of the roll as printed in the New York volume and in the present volume.

Two hundred and fifteen papers were entered for the meeting, of which 33 were either declined or were not considered for lack of proper abstracts; 182 were put on the daily programme for reading in the sections as follows: A 19, B 24, C 19, D 9, E 38, F 22, H 30, I 21. Of these 117 are printed in full or by abstract in the present volume, and 65 are mentioned by title. Of many of the latter, abstracts would have been printed had proper ones been prepared by the authors; others were to be printed in full in other places. In addition to the papers, the addresses of the President and seven Vice Presidents, and the reports of eight committees were given, and are printed in the volume. Three evening lectures were also delivered. Several of the papers were illustrated by lantern projections manipulated by the late Dr. Howland, who, at considerable trouble and expense, took his unsurpassed outfit of lantern apparatus from Washington to Cleveland.

The financial condition of the Association at the opening of the Cleveland meeting is shown by the annexed cash account, covering the year from August 1, 1887 to August 1, 1888, and including the New York meeting. From this account it will be seen that the last year was an exceptionally prosperous one financially, the receipts from regular sources, including admission fees, assessments and sales, amounting to $7,119.62; while the regular expenses of the year, including the publication and distribution of the New York volume, office expenses and salaries, were $4,952.14. In addition to the above receipts were the $1,723 in gifts which

more than paid the $1,602.73 expended for reprinting back volumes of the Proceedings so that full sets can now be furnished. Of the $2,751.45 due the Permanent Secretary for balances on salary for several years back, all but $463.70 was paid, which is the only debt of the Association.

$1,050 was obtained from life membership commutations and carried to the Research Fund. It will also be noticed that $300 income from this fund was granted for the encouragement of research at the New York meeting.

THE RESEARCH FUND amounted on Aug. 1, 1888, prin

THE GENERAL FUND, Aug. 1, 1888, principal and in

$4,414.27

$112.05

terest, By vote of the Council, $200 was granted to aid in the archæological explorations at the Serpent Mound, by the Curator of the Peabody Mu

The proposed formation of an American Geological Society and of an American Chemical Society has led to considerable discussion as to the good or bad effects of such organizations upon the respective sections in the Association of which they are the offspring. The discussion has also embraced the Entomological and Botanical Clubs of the Association, and the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, which hold their meetings in connection with those of the Association.

Various opinions have been expressed which I do not propose to discuss, but there are some considerations worthy of the attention of all members of the Association.

In regard to the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, it can be said without qualification that it has been of benefit to the Association. This Society has its annual meeting on the Tuesday preceding the first General Session of the Association, and, I believe, also one or two special meetings during the week, but always at times not conflicting with the sections with which the Society is affiliated. The result has been that most of the agricultural chemists of the country and many other men particularly interested in agricultural science have joined the Association and taken an active part in its meetings, while they would be drawn from it should their special society meet at some other time and place, and its members fully realize the importance of the benefits they receive as members of the Association, and the great opportunity they have of annually meeting so many workers in other but kindred branches of science.

The same is largely the case with the Entomological and Botanical Clubs, although in these clubs the members are primarily members of the Association and in regular attendance at the meeting. It can only be said against these clubs that many papers are presented and discussed in the clubs which would add largely to the interest of Section F; but it must also be acknowledged that the members of the clubs have been of late years among the principal supporters of the Section, and that the Section has certainly profited by the social elements of the clubs.