Japan, Disincorporated: The Economic Liberalization Process

abroad administrative guidance administrative reform amakudari American banks amount balance Bank Law Bank of Japan Banking Bureau big business billion bond issues borrowers bureaucrats city banks clients concerned coordination Council deficit deposits dollar domestic economic liberalization effect establishment Euroyen example export external option fiscal foreign banks foreign currency Foreign Exchange Law foreign-currency foreign-exchange banks funds gensaki headquarters country impact loans important imposed increase industries institutions interest rate internationalization investment issuance Japa Japan Socialist Party Japan Tobacco Japanese banks Japanese economy Japanese government Keidanren lending long-term losers ment minister Ministry of Finance MITI MITI's monetary money markets Moreover nonresidents official overseas percent personnel political politicians Postal Savings system private sector protectionism public corporations purchase quotas regional banks restrictions Rinchō role Securities Bureau securities companies short-term subsidiaries subsidies syndicated loans tanshi tion Tokyo trading companies transactions U.S. banks United yen-denominated