the instantaneous and complete derangement of the chylopoetic functions is not to be wondered at; but if it be not admitted, I certainly cannot accord with an opinion, that the cause in the first instance can be merely a functional disturbance of other organs secondarily impressing, in so complete and active a manner, the source whence all the vegetative functions are maintained. Although I apprehend that the primary morbid action is impressed upon the sympathetic nervous system, I must again remind the reader, that, secondarily, reciprocal action, more particularly that between the nervous and arterial systems, quickly ensues, and maintains and increases the disease. The vivifying influence of the blood is partially lost. It is only while in its arterial state, that the blood is capable of maintaining life. Venous blood interrupts the functions of the brain and nervous system. In cholera, how languid is the circulation, how in complete respiration, and necessarily, how venous the character of the blood. The functions of the body too, being suspended or perverted, the separation from the blood of certain matters which are afterwards eliminated from the animal economy, and which has a great share in preserving the normal composition of the circulating fluid, is at least very incomplete, if not altogether checked." An Atlas of Anatomical Plates of the human Body, accompanied with descriptions in Hindustani, by Fred. J. Mouat, M. D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in England,-Assistant Surgeon Bengal Army, Member of, and Secretary to the Council of Education of Bengal, Professor of Materia Medica and Medical Jurisprudence in the Bengal Medical College, &c. &c. &c. Assisted by Múnshi Nussíradin Ahmud, late of the Calcutta Madrissa. The drawings in stone, by C. Grant, Esq. Calcutta Bishop's College Press, 1846. Part II. THE Review of a work like this, where the Reviewer is compelled to express the highest admiration and bestow unqualified praise, is not perhaps so easy to him, and shall we say so, not so pleasant to the reader, as when some blemishes and rugged features present their salient angles for criticism and comment. But whether this be so, or not, the purchasers and users of the book, will not complain of the rare degree of perfection and beauty attained in this Atlas of Anatomical Plates. As our readers know, every publication of Indian birth or extraction, may claim the attention of the Calcutta Review; provided authors and publishers shew us the ordinary courtesy of forwarding their works for timely notice. The professional details of a work like this do not however come strictly within our scope; and though we shall touch, we will not dwell on them. Such a book was greatly needed by the rising generation of educated native practitioners, and not less for the reference of the Medical Officers of the Services, whose volumes, endeared to them by College use and enriched by their own notes and memoranda, have long since been sold at auction, to some retired corporal for eight annas or haply a rupee, b when they themselves have been preparing to transport all their worldly effects on the back of a camel,-lucky if they can get two-or otherwise delivered over to the silent perusal of white ants in a godown, or submitted to the astonished gaze of the alligators and fishes at the bottom of the Ganges, or the scarcely more intelligent or less astonished review of the Belúchis and Búgtis. A few, happy and adventurous, survive all these contingencies, and seamed and scared and defaced and mutilated, veteran-like return, after costing four times their original price in transport, to a comparatively fixed abode. Such are our own, which now lie open before us for comparison with this new, and, to use the word in its military sense, smart production. If it were not for the respect for "standing" which an old Indian is bound to feel, and some gratitude for old services and old acquaintanceship, we should be inclined to supersede our old volumes for most practical purposes, and adopt the new and beautiful Atlas of Dr. Mouat. At due paces and discreetly measured intervals, the Medical College of Bengal is fulfilling the designs of its noble and enlightened founders and patrons; and perhaps more than fulfilling their hopes. Happy in particular will Lord Auckland be to see this work. It was urgently needed, has been cleverly planned and admirably executed; and we are satisfied not only confers a boon on the profession, but will tend to the interests of all the parties concerned in its production, Dr. Mouat, the Múnshi Nussíradin, and the talented artist, Mr. C. Grant; modern Native Medical literature is only just commencing and we expect to see a great deal more yet. We cannot but allude here to the translation of the Pharmacopeia into Hindí by Mr. Spilsbury, now Superintending Surgeon of the Saugor Division. This gentleman was at work when the rest of the profession were asleep. Many native youths owe much to his personal instructions. Had his lot been cast in this city, though we will not say he would have been more useful, he would certainly have been better known. This Atlas, Dr. Mouat informs us, was undertaken for the Military Class of the Medical College. The plan of the Author has been to avail himself of the best of the writings of eminent anatomists, and by collecting and comparing and condensing to produce what was adapted to his purpose, rather than by a total re-writing to aim at a new and entire, and perchance, inferior originality. The same course we hear has been pursued and is pursuing, with regard to treatises and manuals on other professional subjects. Nor is the credit one bit the less; we thank the bee for our honey, though perfectly well aware whence she draws it. In the honey-suckle it was of no use to us, as she presents it, it is of the greatest use; none will be better pleased with Dr. Mouat's work than the liberal authors to whom he handsomely expresses his obligations. The work is to consist of, about fifty plates of subjects selected for their importance. The size of the paper is seventeen inches by ten and a half, the most convenient possible for use and transport. Eighteen plates are already published, including osteology and the vascular system. Cheselden has been followed in the former-Tiedman, Quain, and 1 Erasmus Wilson in the latter. The descriptions are printed both in English and Urdú. Captain Marshall, the Secretary of the College of Fort William, has officially granted the sanction of his name to the imprimatur of the text of the Urdú. We think few will object that English scientific terms have been transplanted in place of creating new and circumlocutory oriental ones intelligible to nobody. Where a good Urdú word existed, it has been used together with the English word. It is impossible to make use of the Arabic terms with any profit. They are long and learned Arabic medical terms enough; but they cannot convey the sense of the English words which signify things and states, unknown to the Arabian and Persian writers. Were even the Arabians terms expressive, Arabic is far less generally known nowa-days than English is, all over Hindústan. The plates themselves and the English and Urdú descriptions are all equally entitled to the epithets, clear and unmistakable, and contradistinctive to some not very old editions of British publications, where the plates need sign posts to warn us that they are not shins of beef and fillets of veal, provided for our dinner rather than studies prepared for a lecture. Here we have no numbers to point out, this the head and that the leg, and such and such is an artery. A dissected body in the anatomical rooms, stuck with cleft sticks and inserted labels (as with plants in a garden) for the convenience of lazy anatomists would be as hideous, as absurd, and mischievous; and we are glad Dr. Mouat has repudiated the numbering and docketing system. Imagine a portrait in the Town Hall so treated, "This is Lord MetcalfeNo. 10 represents his nose and No. 27 is his shoe." Dr. Mouat's Atlas is designed for the use of the already instructed of the profession-not intended to teach a spurious and artificial anatomy. It will, to the educated, afford just that sort of aid which a view of the fresh dissected part would afford, and if it does this, it is enough for an Anatomical plate. And the way to use it, is, to open the Dublin Dissector or Quain's Anatomy-(Dr. Mouat's when the manual or premised translation appears) and read the chapter on the part referred to. Plate xviii. of the veins of the arm, the region of the Phlebotomist, is thus described : "The blood of the upper extremities is returned to the heart by the deep and superficial veins. The deep veins accompany the arteries of the same name, each of which is generally attended by two veins proceeding at its sides." "The cutaneous or superficial, are much larger than the deep veins, and lie between the skin and superficial fascia. Their roots on the ⚫ digital veins arise principally from the back of the fingers, where there are usually from six to eight branches, situated alongside of ⚫ each other and freely anastomosing together. These branches also ⚫ receive the largest veins proceeding from the palmar surface of the fingers, which at the second or first phalanx pass round to the dorsal 'side. They all unite in two principal trunks, the radial and ulnar • veins." "The radial cutaneous or Brachio cephalic vein, arises from the 'thumb and index finger, is called the cephalic vein of the thumb, and proceeds on the back of the hand in the first metacarpal space. It runs at first, along the radial edge of the fore arm, then along the 'anterior side or the arm, outside the biceps flexor muscle, passes between the pectoralis major and deltoid, and empties itself into the subclavian vein beneath the clavicle." "The Basilic or Ulnar Cutaneous vein, arises from the back of the 'third finger, also often from the space between the back of the index ' and little fingers, and forms on the back of the hand a considerable 'net work of veins which anastomose in front with the cephalic of the thumb. Sometimes when it reaches the back of the wrist, it goes forward towards the radius and anastomoses with the brachio cephalic. It almost always in the fore arm, forms the anterior and posterior ' ulnar cutaneous veins, of which the latter is generally larger than the former. After passing the elbow joint it ascends under the brachial aponeurosis in the inner side of the arm, along the ulnar 'nerve over which it lies, and empties itself into the lower end of 'the axillary vein." "The median vein is a large branch which unites the radial and ulnar veins as well as the superficial and deep veins of the arm. It is usually single, but sometimes double, and varies in length, extending obliquely upwards and backwards from the ulnar to the radial vein. As high as the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. It generally sends one or more large branches to anastomose with the anterior 'part of the deep brachial vein or of the deep radial or ulnar vein. The lower part of the vein is called the median cephalic, and the upper part, the median basilic. Sometimes the median vein ascends on the anterior face of the fore arm, between the cephalic, and the basilic, with which it anastomoses freely; it is then termed the common median vein." "The veins at the bend of the arm are those usually preferred for performing the operation of vevesection. The median basilic is generally selected as being the largest and most conspicuous, but it should be remembered that an artery runs immediately beneath it, separated only by the tendinous expansion given off from the tendon of the biceps muscle." "It is therefore liable, especially in those persons, to be punctured." We wish we could convey the idea of the clearness of the artistical effect of the plate of which the above is a description. A glance at it suffices to refresh one's memory fully, and would greatly assist one, who in the absence of regular surgical aid, might on an emergency be called on for the sake of humanity to "breathe a vein." Plates viii. and ix. are themselves compendia of the anatomy of the vascular system. The latter shews the mode in which the heart is connected with its principal channels, the aorta sending forth the new blood after oxygenation in the lungs, and the vena cava returning it efféte for purification. The apex of the heart pointing not downwards into the centre of the body as the vulgar suppose, on seeing the organ separated from its connexions, but to the left side at almost a right angle from the spine towards the sixth rib. The thoracic duct lying between the aorta and vena cava, and passing behind the æsophogus here represented as truncated, is very judiciously coloured yellow. The thoracic duct, as our professional readers know well, and as our unprofessional readers may be told, conveys the collected chyle and lymph, the juices eliminated by digestion out of our food, from the intestines to the angle formed by the union of the subelavian and internal jugular veins, where they mingle with the blood. Dr. Mouat has avoided the unnecessary multiplication of plates; what one plate could comprise has been included, and it has been the artist's care to avoid confusion and indistinctness. When a part has no surgical or practical use a plate is not given. As for instance none of the superficial veins of the back of the arm. The plates in Osteology are so entirely copies from Cheselden, that it is only necessary to say, they have not been injured by the reduction in size and the transmutation to an Indian dress. In plate vii. the arch of the foot is a picture, worthy the eye of our young engineer officers. So consummate is the mechanism of our Osteological structure, that when we refer to it, we can scarcely refrain from dilating on it. Before we conclude we must be permitted to point out to the profession, the new duties which will devolve on them in consequence of the appearance of the Atlas, and the promised treatises and manuals on the different subjects, such as Chemistry and Botany, which will no doubt soon appear. Medical Officers will now be wholly inexcusable, if they do not refresh their own memories and the memories of their subordinate medical establishments, European, East Indian, and Native, with occasional lectures and demonstrations. How, say, could an evening hour in the week be better spent than in the assemblage and instruction of the lads, and in the recapitulation to the elders of those interesting facts in anatomy and physiology, which on their first announcement to ourselves caused a thrill of enthusiastic admiration and adoration, even in the bosoms of the coldest of us. Conveying, as these facts do, touching proofs of design and the merciful adaptation of structure to function and of both toɔ external nature, we may say of a thousand things in anatomy and physiology, what a poet says on another subject: "As for some dear familiar strain Each repetition would beget a charm for a succeeding repetition, and suggest continually, those new and vivid illustrations of old truths, which interest and instruct and expand the mind more than lesser new ones. The emotions of mental pleasure reach their summit in these contemplations. If anatomy prove a dry, barren unsavoury study, the dryness and barrenness are in the brain of the student. That is not Anatomy's fault. An unenthusiastic anatomist has scarcely |