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31. Name the fifteen ways in which errors may creep into freight bills.

claims?

What is the time limit for filing loss and damage

33. Explain the use of a tracer.

34. How can tracers be filed for ready reference?

35. State the qualifications of an overcharge investigator, of a loss and damage investigator.

36. Name the advantages of a standard claim form.

37. Why should not claims declined be filed with claims adjusted?

38. What use is made of the four copies of the bill of lading?

39. Why should the shipping room be subject to the direction of the traffic manager?

40. What are the best methods of marking goods?

41. What is a weighing agreement? How is it made? What are its advantages?

42. Name the ten actions on the part of the carriers which delay teams and trucks at stations.

43. How can local transport deliveries be efficiently routed? 44. Why should the truck driver be required to have receipts to the carriers indicate the condition of the goods?

45. Name the four methods of using maps in connection with tariff studies.

46. What is a graph?

47. Explain the four steps in the construction of a twodimension chart.

48. What methods are available for reproducing copies of rate tabulations or charts?

49. Name the four methods available for the development of foreign trade.

50. How can the traffic department assist the advertising department? the sales department? the accounting department?

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PART II

ASSOCIATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Term Defined - Organization - Membership - Specialized
versus General Lines-Compensation-The Percentage
Plan-The Measured Service Plan-The Membership Plan
-Equipment - Collection of Claims-Overcharges - Loss
and Damage Claims-Service-Rate Adjustments-Trans-
portation Surveys—Publicity-Rural Opportunities.

By the term "associated traffic management" is meant traffic management by one individual for a number of different industries or principals. This individual may term himself a "claim adjuster," a "traffic commissioner," or a "commercial audit bureau.” He acts as the intermediary between the railroads and two or more allied or nonallied industries. Associated traffic management is, however, distinguished from community traffic management as carried out under the direction of boards of trade, chambers of commerce, and commercial clubs.

The work of the bureau resembles that undertaken by the industrial traffic department of a single industry. It includes such features as routing, classification surveys, rate compilations, rate quotations, the auditing of freight bills, the presentation and handling of freight claims, arrangements for special service, car supply, and the prosecution of formal and informal complaints before the Interstate Commerce Commission or other public utility bodies.

ORGANIZATION

Obviously, not all business concerns have shipping enough to justify paying for the full time of a competent traffic man. The shipping of one butcher, baker, or candle-stick maker might be a negligible quantity. The combined shipping of a number of men engaged in similar lines would, however, comprise tonnage sufficient in volume to warrant the employment of competent assistance. This fact has led to the creation of a new field for traffic men since 1910, when the Act to Regulate Commerce was effectively amended.

MEMBERSHIP

Under this type of organization, a number of small manufacturers, commercial houses, or retail merchants are formed into an association, which employs one man as traffic manager, to analyze the transportation problems of such a clientele.

The success of the bureau depends on the number of clients secured, on the amount of claims recovered, and on the basis of compensation.

To secure clients enough to insure the success of the organization, an extensive advertising or solicitation campaign must be conducted by letter or interview among the smaller dealers and manufacturers in a city or a district. This campaign must explain the character of the services to be performed, and must emphasize the advantages of the group plan, the qualifications of the organizer, and the cash benefits that will accrue to subscribers at a nominal cost.

SPECIALIZED VERSUS GENERAL LINES

If the activities of the district are varied and extensive, it is possible to confine the organizing campaign

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