On March 11, 1840, was organized the local fraternity of K4 0; on October 13, 1841, the name was changed to K Z O, and on Novem ber 20, 1843, it became the chapter of V r. It possesses a fine hall on Broad street, opened February 1, 1878. In the fall of 1843 a shortlived secret society, The Social Union, was formed. The 4 chapter of the X fraternity was founded in the fall of 1844. It died out in 1863 but was revived in 1876. It possesses a pleasant chapter-house. The Chapter of Connecticut of B K was founded at Wesleyan on July 7, 1845. It takes somewhat less than one-third of each class at graduation.

In 1847 the A, a local society at Wesleyan, changed its name to The Boetrean Society. In 1854 the Libanian Society was formed. These two united in 1856, and received a charter as the Middletown Chapter of A 4 . This chapter is one of the very best at Wesleyan, and occupies an elegant new chapter-house at the corner of High and Cross streets. It maintains an excellent course of lectures every winter.

In the fall of 1857 the O chapter of 4 X was founded and died in 1860. A local fraternity of Σ was in existence from 1865 to

1872.

In 1867 Skull and Serpent, a senior society, was organized. In May 1869, the I' chapter of 4 K E was organized and is now flourishing, occupying a large mansion on High street.

A sophomore chaptered society, ON E, was founded at Wesleyan in the fall of 1870. It now has branches in many colleges. In 1872 were formed KI, a freshman, and Corpse and Coffin, a junior society, and in 1877 Skull and Spade, a sophomore society. In 1877, also, was founded AP, a freshman society, and in March, 1883, the O chapter of K A, a four year's ladies society.'

JOURNALISM AND ATHLETICS.

On July 1, 1840, appeared the first number of the Classic or College Monthly. It was published by Barnes & Saxe, and edited by a com mittee of students, with Prof. William M. Willett as editor-in-chief. In September, 1842, at a college meeting, it was voted to "let it die," through lack of financial support, and attempts to revive it in the fall of 1856 were failures. On November 8, 1858, appeared the first number of Wesleyan's annual, the Olla Podrida. It was published in folio for three years, and since then in pamphlet form. In 1861 it was published by sophomores; in 1862, by freshmen; from 1864 to 1873, by the secret societies; from then to 1876, by the Argus Association; in 1877, by the Olla Podrida committee, and since then by the junior class.

On June 11, 1868, was first published the College Argus, which has since that date been the able organ of the Wesleyan students.

A chapter of BO II was founded in 1889.

In early days footballs were bought by freshmen and kicked about the campus, as if in premonition of Wesleyan's love for that sport. In 1858 the first boat was bought and two clubs were formed. In 1861 these had increased to seven and boat races were indulged in from time to time. In 1872 at the college regatta at Springfield, the Wesleyan freshmen came in first, making the best time to that date ever made by a freshmen crew. In 1873 Wesleyan's crew came in second at the intercollegiate regatta at Springfield, and fifth at that at Saratoga in 1875. In 1874 there was a class boat race for six silver prize cups, and there was a challenge cup regularly raced for by the different classes for many years. It now reposes in Rich Hall, for boating, it is to be regretted, is entirely dead at Wesleyan. Her last triumphs were coming in second at the Lake George college regattas in 1879 and 1882. Baseball was first played in 1861, and the Agallian Baseball Club existed from 1865 to 1869; but the national game has never been Wesleyan's favorite sport.

In the spring of 1874 the athletic grounds of Wesleyan were laid out west of the dormitories, and from 1875 athletic meetings have been held. In 1875 football began to be played scientifically, and the football association was organized in 1881 when the grounds were laid out west of the dormitories. In 1886 Wesleyan entered the Intercollegiate Football Association with Yale, Princeton, and University of Pennsylvania, to which Harvard was added the next year. It has obtained great advantage from its proximity to Yale, enabling it to play frequent practice games with the latter.

Wesleyan has done a grand work in the past, is doing good work to-day, and with the spirit it shows has the best outlook for success in the future.

CHAPTER VIII.

UNATTACHED PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.

I. THE LITCHFIELD LAW SCHOOL.

Connecticut has but one extinct institution for higher education and that one in reputation was, in its lifetime, a renowned seminary of professional learning-the Litchfield Law School.1

The town of Litchfield from its very foundation has been renowned for the culture and refinement of its people and for the number of great men it has produced. But from an educational standpoint its chief fame is that it was the seat of the first regular law school in the United States.

In 1784 Tapping Reeve instituted the Litchfield Law School. He was born in Brookhaven, Long Island, in October, 1741, and died at Litchfield December 13, 1823. In 1763 he was graduated at Princeton, and in 1771 moved to Litchfield and began the practice of law there. It was a common thing then, as it is now, for a lawyer of note to have young men in his office and give them instruction; but Judge Reeve was the first to construct a regular course and really to give a complete legal education by lectures and recitations. He conducted the school alone till about 1798, when he associated James Gould (Yale College, 1791) with him, and the two constituted the faculty till Judge Reeve retired in 1820. He was judge of the Connecticut superior court, also, from 1798 to 1814, and was a Federalist in politics. He was the first lawyer of note in America to advocate a change in the law regarding the property of married women. In 1851 the Hon. C. G. Loring, one of his for mer pupils, said of him:

A venerable man in character and appearance, his thick gray hair parted and falling in profusion upon his shoulders, his voice only a loud whisper, but distinctly heard by his earnestly attentive pupils. He was full of legal learning, but invested the law with all the genial enthusiasm and generous feelings and noble sentiments of a large heart at the age of 80, and descanted to us with glowing eloquence upon the sacredness and majesty of law. His teachings of the law in reference to the rights of women and the domestic relations had great influence in elevating and refining the sentiments of the young men who were privileged to hear him. We left his lecture room the very knight-errants of the law, burning to be the defenders of the right and the avengers of the wrong, and he is no true son of the Litchfield School who has ever forgotten that lesson.2

'Hollister's Connecticut, Vol. 11. Champlin, jr."

Harpers, LIV, 514, "Litchfield Hill," by J. D.

2 P. K. Kilbourne's History of Litchfield County, p. 258.

Judge Reeve married a daughter of President Burr of Princeton, and was the author of several valuable law books. Chancellor Kent says of his works, "he everywhere displays the vigor, freedom, and acuteness of a sound and liberal mind."1

Judge Gould, his fellow-teacher, was born in Branford, Conn., in 1770, and died in Litchfield, May 11, 1838. In 1816 he was made judge of the superior court and of the supreme court of error of Connecticut. His lectures on pleading were revised by him and published, and "Gould's Pleading is a legal classic of the highest order and has placed its author among the very best legal writers of the age." He read "his able and finished lectures with a cold dignity to his students, each seated at his separate desk intent on copying from his lips the principles laid down and the authorities referred to."3 The Hon. C. G. Loring called him

The last of the Romans of the common law lawyers, the impersonation of its genius and spirit. It was indeed in his eyes the perfection of human wisdom by which he measured every principle of action and almost every sentiment. He was an admirable English scholar. From him we obtained clear, well defined, and accurate knowledge of the common law, and learned that allegiance to it was the chief duty of man, and the power of enforcing it upon others his highest attainment.'

These two great lawyers, "among the first, if not the first founders of a national law school in America, who have laid one of the corner-stones in the foundation of true American patriotism, loyalty to the law," virtually were the school, for with the failing health of the younger it was given up in 1833.

In 1820 when Judge Reeve retired, Judge Gould associated with him Jabez W. Huntington, afterwards judge of the supreme court of Connecticut and United States Senator.

These three were the only instructors ever engaged in the school. Under them were in all 1,024 students, an enormous number, considering the period when the school flourished. Of these, 210 were in attendance during the period from 1784 to 1798, 264 from 1798 to 1812, and 550 after that date. The South furnished 183 these-nearly one-sixth of the whole number, and every State then in the Union was represented at one time or another. The influence of this school was felt in the bar of every section of the country.

Many of the students attained eminence; 16 became United States Senators, 5 Cabinet officers, 8 chief justices of States and 2 justices of the United States Supreme Court, 10 governors of States, 50 members of Congress, and 40 judges of supreme courts in the different states. Among these were such men as John C. Calhoun,5 Henry Baldwin, John

'Conn., 294 n. (Ed., '54).

Marvin's Legal Bibliography, 342.

Woolsey, Fiftieth Anniversary of Yale Law School.

'Kilbourne's Litchfield, p. 258.

A tree is still shown at Litchfield which is said to have been set out by him.

Y. Mason of Virginia, ambassador to France, Levi Woodbury of New Hampshire, Secretary Clayton of Delaware, Hubbard and Ellsworth of Connecticut, Seymour of Vermont, Morton and Metcalf of Massachu setts, Cuthbert and Dawson of Georgia; Ashley and Hunt of New York, and Woodbridge of Ohio. One hundred and fifty of the graduates had previously received diplomas from Yale. The wide-spreading influence of this school is shown by the geographical distribution of the students. An imperfect list of the students, numbering S05, shows that Connecticut furnished 206; New York, 125; Massachusetts, 90; Georgia, 67; South Carolina, 45; Maryland, 36; Pennsylvania, 30; Vermont, 26; Rhode Island, 22; New Hampshire, Virginia, and North Carolina, each 21; Delaware, 15; New Jersey, 11, and Kentucky, 9.

No catalogue of the school was published till 1798. In 1827 a general catalogue was published. It states that the course was one of fourteen months, with two vacations of four weeks each, one in the spring and one in the fall. Tuition, for those days, was high, being $100 for the first year and $60 for the second year, and no one was allowed to enter for a less period than three months. Every Saturday there was an examination on the lectures of the week and moot courts were also held weekly.

II.-HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL.

NEW HAVEN THEOLOGY.

This institution, whose name was changed in 1885 from the "Theological Institute of Connecticut," owes its formation to the controver sies springing out of the so-called New Haven theology of Prof. N. W. Taylor, of the Yale Divinity School. As the Rev. Bennet Tyler was his chief opponent, the controversy was called "Taylorism vs. Tylerism," and it raged fiercely in pamphlets and magazines for some years. As far back as 1821 it was imagined that some of the professors at Yale did not hold the views commonly thought to be orthodox on some matters, but the first thing which really aroused the conflict was Prof. Taylor's famous Concio ad Clerum. This was preached in the Yale chapel on the evening of commencement, September 10, 1828. This sermon contained tenets which were believed to be subversive of Calvinism, and which attacked some of the most cherished doctrines of the old-school theologians of the day. These claimed that the following of Dr. Taylor's views were heterodox. (I quote Prof. Thompson, one of the firmest opponents of them):

First. God could not have prevented all sin in a moral system. Second. Mankind' came into the world with the same nature in kind as that with which Adam was created, and the fact that his posterity uniformly sin is due to the circumstances in which they are placed. Third. Self-love is the primary cause of all moral action. The exact form of the thesis was in these words: "Of all specific voluntary action the happiness of the agent in some form is the ultimate end." Fourth. Antecedent