bankrupt bankers, her violated laws-so may then San Francisco, her head aloft, lifting her finger over these dark clouds, point to her school houses and their living treasures, richer far than gold, and say, 'Here, indeed, are my jewels.' These are New England school houses, New England scholars, New England teachers. I do not mean to say that there are no other children there; but this I do say, that nine out of ten of those youngsters with rosy cheeks and sparkling eyes are the children's children of New England. God bless them all! As San Francisco is in these respects, so is the rest of this El Dorado of the world.

"Such are New England triumphs on the Pacific. Look we now to the other picture of New England's degradation, of New England's humiliation- and there learn the lesson that a New Yorker, of New England parents, would to-night inculcate. It was one of the fundamental principles of the Puritans that every man should have his whole share in the duties, the honors, and emoluments of the republic, of the state. How is it here? What New Englander, from the formation of the state constitution to this day, has ever been esteemed worthy of public promotion? What'd———d Yankee,' as you are all styled by the self-sacrificing,, public-spirited gentlemen from the west and south who occupy all public places, has ever been called to take any share in the administration of the public affairs of California? Let us see. I am not a New Englander, nor yet a Californian. While I love this country, its gorgeous skies, its balmy winters, its streams gushing

forth gold, yet fate has decided that my lot is to be elsewhere. I speak, then, as a disinterested 'looker on here in Vienna.'

"First. Let us look at the federal appointments to office. What New England man ever dared to aspire to either? None! none! California has had four collectors of this port. No Yankee was ever permitted to sit at the receipt of customs - a place occupied by the Pharisees and Sadducees of old, and not much improved by San Francisco collectors, if the records speak the truth. Two estimable and worthy gentlemen have performed the respective duties of United States marshal the one from Tennessee, the other, a noblehearted, generous, murdered man, from the District of Columbia. Two district attorneys, each eminent for their learning, their ability, and their purity of conduct, have received appointment, one from Kentucky and one from Alabama. Two honest, worthy, and unspotted judges fill the seats on the federal bench, the one a Knickerbocker of New York, the other a noble specimen from Georgia. Going from these ministerial and judicial departments of the federal government to the legislature, what see you there? New Englanders? California has had six representatives in Congress, one of whom alone was, out of all the New Englanders in California, elected. All others, save the lamented Gil bert, were and are southern men. In that august assemblage, the Senate of these United States, who ever saw the form or face of a New England man speaking, acting, or advising as a California senator?

Nay, what New England man now, in the face of two vacancies in that body, is thought of, spoken of, dreamed of, or dares even to aspire thereto? None! not one!

"Second. But turn we from the federal officers to that of our domestic government, and see how the ship building, tax paying, church going, water drinking New Englanders fare there. California has had two governors, one reëlected, a man, it is believed, infinitely above his traducers, and neither of these from New England. The young executive, with his blushing honors fresh upon him, traces his lineage through the cornfields of Indiana into the tobacco ground of Kentucky.. Had he been spotted as ever having seen a New England manufactory or school house, he had never been governor.

"Third. But the judiciary. There are many, very many, able lawyers in California, men of honor, of temperance, of chastity, of purity, who were born and educated in New England. There have been no less than nine Supreme Court judges in California, yet no single one from New England. While I recognize and bear witness to the exalted standing, to the unwavering integrity, to the perfect purity in private as in public life of the distinguished gentlemen who have graced the bench of our Supreme Court, and while the beautiful symmetry of the common law has been illustrated by the luminous opinions of gentlemen from New York, Tennessee, Illinois, and Alabama, yet it has struck me as a strange thing that no New England lawyer was ever called to that responsible station.

"Fourth and lastly. The legislative department— let us look at this. It hath not happened to me, in my sojourn in California for almost four years, to visit often the legislature of the state; but it has been my painful duty to read and endeavor to understand the laws enacted by that illustrious body, and I can easily divine that few Yankees shared in the inglorious duty of making laws which Blackstone emphatically calls hotch-potch. If murderers go unhung, save by mass meeting if bawdy houses open their horrid doors in our most public streets-if taxes are accumulated like Ossa on Pelion-if gaming continues to seduce its foolish victims-thank God New Englanders are not to blame! Here and there a straggler may be found in the legislature; but the bowie knife of Arkansas and the derringer of Tennessee will compel the poor fellow to deny his birthright. Let a score of straightforward New England men be sent for one single winter to the legislature, and although I cannot guess, as I am no Yankee, yet, as a western man, I will bet any reasonable sum that laws can be made and enforced to hang every cold-blooded murderer- to drive the tawdry cyprian to her dark abiding-place- to close the hell of the gambler-to regenerate California. Why are these things so? Because New Englanders are not true to themselves."

COLONEL FREMONT AND HIS MARIPOSA GRANT.

Colonel Fremont has at length got his great Mariposa estate fully confirmed to him, and may be regarded as one of the richest men living. The patent was signed by the president, and delivered by him at the White House to Colonel Fremont in person. Patents are now generally signed by the private secretary of the president, who is thereunto authorized by an act of Congress; but General Pierce signed this one with his own hand. The instrument is engrossed upon parchment, and covers 12 sheets, including, on a large sheet of parchment, a finely executed map of Las Mariposas, as surveyed by the United States surveyor general.

The tract is upwards of 70 square miles in extent, and is situated about 225 miles from San Francisco in an easterly direction. It embraces the town of Mariposa, containing from 3000 to 4000 inhabitants, and a number of other small towns and settlements; and it is estimated that there are upwards of 15,000 people now on the estate.

Colonel Fremont bought this land on the 10th of May, 1846, of Alvarado, ex-governor of California, for three thousand dollars in cash; and, at the time, the old Californians laughed at it as a very extravagant price. After a long litigation, his title has been fully confirmed by the Supreme Court at Washington.

Of the value of Colonel Fremont's grant it is impossible to speak with definiteness, as it is, apparently,