navigation for the advancement of its general interests, than to the extensive commerce it has enjoyed by sea; for by the former a ready and comparatively cheap means of communication was opened into the various districts which constitute the principal seat of British manufactures. In the year 1755 an act of parliament was granted for making the Sankey canal, which extends twelve miles, exclusive of its different branches, and thus connects St. Helen's with the river Mersey, whence the coals and manufactures of that place and its vicinity are brought to Liverpool. In 1758 Francis Egerton, the late Duke of Bridgewater, having obtained an act of parliament, began his canal from Worsley, a distance of seven miles from Manchester, and in 1773 the same nobleman completed another canal, which forms a connexion between Manchester and the river Mersey at Runcorn; hence a direct communication was opened betwixt the two principal towns of the county of Lancashire. These extensive works were planned and directed by Mr. James Brindley, one of the greatest mechanical geniuses that this country has produced.

On the 10th of August, 1766, a meeting was convened at Stafford, and it was agreed that canals should be formed from the river Severn at Tern Bridge in the county of Salop, from the river Trent at Welsden, in Derbyshire, and from the river Weaver at Winsford Bridge, in the county of Chester.

In the year 1770 an act of parliament was passed empowering the company of proprietors to make the Leeds and Liverpool canal, which extends a distance of 130 miles. The late Honourable Charles Lewis Mordaunt raised the first sod in the parish of Halsall, on the 5th of November of the same year. The entire fall of water is 838 feet. In 1777 the part from Liverpool to Newborough was finished and opened, but the completion of this stupendious undertaking which connects the St. George's Channel with the German Ocean, was not effected until the year 1816. The whole expense amounted to more than £2,000,000, sterling. By means of a short cut from the Leeds and Liverpool canal near Wigan, to that of the Duke of Bridgewater's at Leigh, a junction has been made whereby a communication of inland navigation now exists between Liverpool, Wigan, Chorley, Preston, Lancaster, Kendal, Blackburn, Burnley, Leeds, Nottingham, Birmingham, Worcester, Bristol, and London.

The Mersey and Irwell navigation also affords a constant communication between this town and Manchester to which place vast quantities of foreign produce of every description are transmitted by this conveyance, and manufactured articles are returned to Liverpool.

The Ellesmere canal connects the Mersey with the Dee, and thus forms an intercourse between North Wales and this part of the country.

The river Weaver navigation. By this conveyance, which leads to the centre of the county of Chester, is carried an abundance of foreign and domestic produce, besides great quantities of coal from Lancashire and in return are transmitted cheese and grain. Of manufactured salt alone it is stated that annually there are sent by this canal 140,000 tons, and more than 50,000 tons of rock salt.

BANKERS.

Messrs. Arthur Heywood, Sons, and Co., Brunswick-street. Messrs. Leyland and Bullins, King-street. Messrs. Samuel Hope and Co., Water-street. Messrs. Moss, Rogers and Moss, Dale-street. Messrs. Fletcher, Roberts Roscoe, and Co., High-street. The Bank of Liverpool is situate in Water-street. The Liverpool and Manchester District Bank is situate in Castlestreet. The Liverpool Commercial Bank is situate in John-street; and the Branch Bank of England in Hanover-street. The banks are open every weekday from nine until three o'clock, except Friday, when they close at one o'clock.

MANUFACTORIES.

Though the inhabitants of Liverpool are mainly engaged in commercial pursuits, yet many extensive manufactories are carried on here. Ship building is extensively prosecuted, and has been brought to a high degree of excellence; many

fine merchant vessels, besides several ships of war, and a great number of steam boats, have been constructed in this port. There are several establishments for the manufacture of steam engines, the principal of which is Messrs. Fawcett and Co., in York-street. The engines made here are deemed to be of the best quality. There are many manufactories of iron chain cables and anchors, as well as several large brass and iron foundries, and numerous extensive establishments for the manufacture of ropes. This town is also remarkable for the number and height of its wind-mills, appropriated to the grinding of corn, colours, dyers' wood, &c. Many steam engines are likewise used for the same purposes. The manufacture of soap is supposed to be carried on here more extensively than in any other part of the kingdom. There are several establishments for the refining of sugar, the most extensive of which is that of Messrs.Brancker's, in Matthewstreet. Many chemical manufactories and large breweries are established here. The Herculaneum Pottery is situate in Toxteth Park, and has long been noted for its excellent productions. The manufacture of watches and chronometers is established here on a very extensive scale, and has been brought to a high degree of excellence in this town and its vicinity. Messrs.Lyon and Son, in Brownlow-hill, and Messrs. T. and E. Parr, in Great Charlotte-street, have establishments for glass staining.

NEWSPAPERS, &c.

Monday.... The Albion.

Myers's Mercantile Advertiser.

Tuesday.... The Liverpool Times.

The Liverpool Standard.

Wednesday The Liverpool Courier.
Thursday.. Gore's General Advertiser.
Friday.............. The Liverpool Mercury.
The Liverpool Standard.
Saturday.... The Liverpool Chronicle.
The Journal.

HACKNEY COACHES.

The following rates were fixed at a General Quarter Sessions of the Borough. holden the 19th of January, 1824, to commence on the 1st of March, 1824:

For the fare or hire of every coach, carrying not more than four persons, or of a chaise, going a distance not exceeding 1000 yards, 1s. ;-exceeding 1000 yards, and not exceeding 1700, 1s. 6d. ;—and for each 700 yards afterwards, or any intermediate distance, the additional sum of 6d. For the hire of every car, drawn by one or two horses, two-thirds of the fares above stated.

The hire of every coach and two horses by the day is 18s. ;—and by the hour 2s. 6d. for the first hour, and 1s. 6d. for every subsequent hour. The hire of every car is 12s. per day; or 1s. 6d. for the first hour, and 1s. for every succeeding hour.