An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: To which are Now First Added, I. An Analysis of Mr. Locke's Doctrine of Ideas, on a Large Sheet. II. A Defence of Mr. Locke's Opinion Concerning Personal Identity, with an Appendix. III. A Treatise on the Conduct of the Understanding. IV. Some Thoughts Concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman. V. Elements of Natural Philosophy. VI. A New Method of a Common Place-book Extracted from the Author's Works, Հատոր 2

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T. Tegg, 1828

From inside the book

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Personal identity
9
Consciousness makes personal identity
10
Or at least to be thought false
11
Whereof there are probably numberless species
12
And why 13 As referred to real existences none of our ideas can be false but those of substances
13
This if not heeded causes confusion in our arguings
14
Though one mans idea of blue should be different from anothers
15
Instance liquor of the nerves
16
Secondly modes not false
17
Thirdly ideas of substances when false
18
Truth or falsehood always supposes affirmation or negation
19
Ideas in themselves neither true nor false
20
But are false first when judged agreeable to another mans idea without being
21
Secondly when judged to agree to real existence when they do
22
Thirdly when judged adequate without being
23
Fourthly when judged to represent the real essence
24
Ideas when false
25
More properly to be called right or wrong
26
But not so arbitrary as mixed modes
28
Though very imperfect
29
Which yet serve for common converse
30
But make several essences signified by the same name
31
The more general our ideas are the more incomplete and partial they
32
This all accommodated to the end of speech
33
SECT
34
Men make the species Instance gold
35
Though nature makes the similitude
36
And continues it in the races of things
37
Each abstract idea is an essence
38
Terms leading the mind beyond the subjects denominated
41
CHAPTER XXVII
47
Wherein identity consists
55
Personal identity in change of substances 1215 Whether in the change of thinking substances
57
Consciousness makes the same person 17 Self depends on consciousness
62
1820 Objects of reward and punishment
63
Difference between identity of man and person
64
2325 Consciousness alone makes self
66
Person a forensic term
69
The difficulty from ill use of names 29 Continued existence makes identity
71
Conclusion
85
Proportional
94
Natural 3 Instituted 4 Moral CHAPTER XXVIII OF OTHER RELATIONS
96
Moral good and evil 6 Moral rules 7 Laws
97
Divine law the measure of sin and duty
98
Something unreasonable in most men 2 Not wholly from selflove 3 Nor from education 4 A degree of madness
149
CHAPTER II
161
SECT
195
SECT
248
Instance gold
262
The names of simple ideas the least doubtful
263
And next to them simple modes
264
The most doubtful are the names of very compounded mixed modes and substances
265
This should teach us moderation in imposing our own sense of old authors
266
CHAPTER X
268
1012 Instances
269
Secondly a steady application of them 6 Thirdly affected obscurity by wrong application 7 Logic and dispute have much contributed to this 8 Callin...
272
As useful as to confound the sound of the letters 12 This art has perplexed religion and justice
274
And ought not to pass for learning 14 Fourthly taking them for things
275
Ideas some clear and distinct others obscure and confused 2 Clear and obscure explained by sight
276
Instance in matter 16 This makes errors lasting 17 Fifthly setting them for what they cannot signify 18 V g putting them for the real essences of subst...
280
This abuse contains two false suppositions 22 Sixthly a supposition that words have a certain and evi dent signification
281
Secondly to do it with quickness
284
2631 How mens words fail in all these
285
How in substances 33 How in modes and relations
287
Seventhly figurative speech also an abuse of language
288
CHAPTER XI
289
But yet necessary to philosophy 4 Misuse of words the cause of great errors 5 Obstinacy 6 And wrangling
291
Instance bat and bird
292
And distinct and conformable in substances 11 Thirdly propriety 12 Fourthly to make known their meaning 13 And that three ways
296
First in simple ideas by synonymous terms or showing 15 Secondly in mixed modes by definition 16 Morality capable of demonstration 17 Definitio...
299
Ideas of the leading qualities of substances are best got by showing
300
The ideas of their powers best by definition 23 A reflection on the knowledge of spirits 24 Ideas also of substances must be conformable to things 25...
306
SECT
317
SECT
329
Because of their minuteness
375
Hence no science of bodies
377
Much less of spirits 28 Secondly want of a discoverable connexion between ideas we have
378
Instances
379
Thirdly want of tracing our ideas
381
Extent in respect of universality
383
SECT CHAPTER IV
384
Answer not so where ideas agree with things 4 As first all simple ideas do 5 Secondly all complex ideas except of substances 6 Hence the reality of m...
388
cerning them is real
391
In our inquiries about substances we must consider ideas and not confine our thoughts to names or species sup posed set out by names
392
Objection against a changeling being something between man and beast answered
393
1416 Farther instances of the effects of the association of ideas 17 Its influence on intellectual habits 18 Observable in different sects 19 Conclusion
395
Words and species 18 Recapitulation
397

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Common terms and phrases

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Էջ 78 - Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die. And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain ; it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain. But God giveth it a body as it hath pleased him ; and to every seed his own body.
Էջ 333 - For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts ; even one thing befalleth them : as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath ; so that a man hath no pre-eminence above a beast : for all is vanity. All go unto one place ; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.
Էջ 74 - For we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.
Էջ 55 - I think, is a thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places...
Էջ 158 - Conceptions; and to make them stand as marks for the Ideas within his own Mind, whereby they might be made known to others, and the Thoughts of Men's Minds be conveyed from one to another.
Էջ 159 - It may also lead us a little towards the original of all our notions and knowledge, if we remark how great a dependence our words have on common sensible ideas; and how those which are made use of to stand for actions and notions quite removed from sense, have their rise from thence, and from obvious sensible ideas are transferred to more abstruse significations, and made to stand for ideas that come not under the cognizance of our senses...
Էջ 288 - But yet if we would speak of things as they are, we must allow that all the art of rhetorick, besides order and clearness, all the artificial and figurative application of words eloquence hath invented, are for nothing else but to insinuate wrong ideas, move the passions, and thereby mislead the judgment, and so indeed are perfect cheats...
Էջ 162 - Words in their primary or immediate signification, stand for nothing but the ideas in the mind of him that uses them, how imperfectly soever, or carelessly, those ideas are collected from the things which u2 they are supposed to represent.
Էջ 387 - The mathematician considers the truth and properties belonging to a rectangle or circle only as they are in idea in his own mind. For it is possible he never found either of them existing mathematically, ie precisely true, in his life.
Էջ 289 - ... harangues and popular addresses, they are certainly, in all discourses that pretend to inform or instruct, wholly to be avoided; and where truth and knowledge are concerned, cannot but be thought a great fault, either of the language or person that makes use of them.

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