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after the happening of every such accident, or in such manner as the commission may direct. Such notice shall not be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose against such common carrier giving such notice in any suit or action for damages growing out of any matter mentioned in said notice.

The commission may, of its own motion, investigate or make inquiry in a manner to be determined by it, as to any Act or thing done or omitted to be done by any common carrier, railroad, street railroad, railroad corporation or street railroad corporation, or other corporation, subject to its supervision, and the commission must make such inquiry in regard to any Act or thing done or omitted to be done by any such common carrier or corporation in violation of any provision of law, or in violation of any order of the commission.

Complaints may be made to the commission by any person or corporation aggrieved, by petition or complaint in writing setting forth any thing or act done or omitted to be done by any common carrier or corporation subject to its supervision, in violation, or claimed to be in violation, of any provision of law, or if the terms and conditions of its franchise or charter, or of any order of the commission, or as being unfair, unreasonable, unjustly discriminating or unduly preferential. Upon the presentation of such a complaint the commission shall cause a copy thereof to be forwarded to the person or corporation complained of, accompanied by an order, directed to such person or corporation, requiring that the matter complained of be satisfied, or that the charges be answered in writing within a time to be specified by the commission. If the person or corporation complained of shall make reparation for any injury alleged and shall cease to commit or to permit, the violation of law, franchise or order charged in the complaint, and shall notify the commission of that before the time allowed for answer, the commission need take no further action upon the charge. If, however, the charges contained in such petition be not thus satisfied, and it shall appear to the commission that there are reasonable grounds therefor, it shall investigate such charges in such manner and by such means as it shall deem proper, and take such action within its power as the facts justify.

Whenever the commission shall investigate any matter com plained of by any person or corporation aggrieved by any act or omission of a common carrier or other corporation subject to the provisions of this sub-title under this section, it shall be its duty to make and file an order either dismissing the petition or complaint or directing the common carrier complained of to satisfy the cause of complaint in whole or to the extent which the commission may specify and require.

1910, ch. 180, sec. 23.

435. Whenever the commission shall be of the opinion, after a hearing, upon its own motion or upon a complaint made as provided in this sub-title, that the rates, tolls, fares or charges demanded, exacted, charged or collected by any common carrier, railroad or street railroad, railroad corporation, street railroad corporation, or other corporation subject to the provisions of this sub-title, for the transportation of persons, freight or property within the State, or that the regulations or practices of such common carrier or corporation affecting such rates, tolls or services are unjust, unreasonable, unjustly discriminating or unduly preferential, or in anywise in violation of any provision of law, the commission shall determine the just and reasonable rates, tolls, fares and charges to be thereafter observed and in force as the maximum to be charged for the service to be performed, and shall fix the same by order to be served upon all common carriers or other corporations by whom such rates, fares and charges are thereafter to be observed. And whenever the commission shall be of the opinion, after a hearing, had upon its own motion or upon complaint, that the regulations, practices, equipment, appliances or services of any common carrier or other such corporation in respect to any services, transportation of persons, freight or property within this State, are unjust, unreasonable, unsafe, unreasonably improper or inadequate, the commission shall determine the just, reasonable, safe, reasonably adequate and proper regulations, practices, equipment, appliances and service to be in force and to be observed in respect to such transportation of persons, freight and property, and so fix and prescribe the same by order to be served upon every common car

rier or other corporation to be bound thereby; and thereafter it shall be the duty of every such common carrier or other corporation to observe and obey each and every requirement of every such order so observed upon it, and to do everything necessary or proper in order to secure absolute compliance with and observance of every such order by all its officers, agents or employees. The commission shall have power by order to require any two or more common carriers whose lines, owned, operated, controlled or leased, form a continuous line of transportation, or which could be made to do so by the construction and maintenance of switch connection, to establish through routes and joint rates, fares and charges for the transportation of passengers, freight and property within the State as the commission may by its orders designate; and in case such through routes and joint rates be not established by the common carriers named in any such order within the time specified therein, the commission shall establish just and reasonable rates, fares and charges to be charged for such through transportation and declare the portion thereof to which each common carrier affected thereby shall be entitled and the manner in which the same shall be paid and secured.

If, in the judgment of the commission, repairs or improvements to or changes in any tracks, switches, terminals or terminal facilities, stations, motive power, or any other property, construction apparatus, equipment, facilities or device used by any common carrier, railroad corporation or street railroad corporation in or in connection with the tansportation of passengers, freight or property, ought reasonably to be made, or any additions should reasonably be made thereto, in order to promote the security or convenience of the public or employees, or in order to secure adequate service or facilities for the transportation of passengers, freight or property, the commission shall, after a hearing, either on its own motion or after 'complaint, make and serve an order directing such repairs, improvements, changes or additions to be made within a reasonable time and in manner to be specified therein, and every common carrier, or other such corporation subject to the provisions of this sub-title, is hereby required and directed

to make all repairs, improvements, changes and additions required of it by any order of the commission served upon it.*

1912, ch. 162, sec. 23a.

435A. Whenever the commission shall be of the opinion after a hearing upon its own motion or upon a complaint made as provided in this Act, that the issuance by common carriers in this State of mileage, excursion, school commutation or commutation passenger tickets, or joint interchangeable mileage tickets, would be a desirable advantageous and reasonable thing for the people concerned to demand, it shall be the duty of the commission to order the common carrier, or common carriers, to establish such rates and issue such tickets as the said commission may deem reasonable and proper; such tickets to be good on any or all branches, lines or sections of the carrier's route in this State, or only on certain specific branches, lines or sections, as the commission may order and direct.

1914, ch. 668, sec. 435A.

435B. Whenever the commission shall be of the opinion, after a hearing, upon its own motion or upon a complaint made, as provided in this sub-title, that it would be reasonably advisable and proper to require common carriers to give receipts for containers of dairy products or of other property or goods received for transportation within this State, whenever said containers are intended to be returned; the commission shall determine the form of said receipt and the proper regu lations in respect to the issuing of the same, and the return of said containers, subject to the provisions of this section, and shall so fix and prescribe the same by order to be served upon every common carrier or other person or corporation to be bound thereby; and thereafter it shall be the duty of every

As to transfers, see Garrison vs United Railways Co., 97 Md. 347. In Pennsylvania Railroad vs. Public Service Commission. 126 Md. 59, the Court held that where commutation rates had been established, the question of the reasonableness of abolishing commutation rates or changing the same was one over which the Commission has jurisdiction. The Court at page 65 said: "But the Act creating the Public Service Commission, now codified as Section 413, etc., of Article 23, when taken in connection with the Amendatory Act, Chapter 162 of the Acts of 1912, clearly confers upon the Commission full power, so far as it was within the province of the Legislature to grant it, to supervise and regulate all tariffs and transportation charges within the State, including by its very terms commutation rates."

such common carrier, or other person or corporation, to observe and obey each and every requirement of every such order so served upon it; and upon the day that any such order shall become operative and effective, the following provision shall become operative and effective and shall remain so as long and for such time as any such order of the commission is in effect.

Any common carrier issuing a receipt for a container, as described herein, shall be liable to the lawful holder thereof for any loss, damage or injury to such container caused by it or by any other person, firm or corporation to whom such container may be delivered, and no contract, receipt, rule or regulation shall exempt such common carrier from the liability hereby imposed; provided that nothing herein shall deprive any holder of such receipt of any remedy or right of action which he may have under existing law: Any common carrier issuing such receipt shall be entitled to recover from the person, firm or corporation who may be responsible for such loss, damage or injury, such amount as it may be required to pay to the owners of such containers, as may be evidenced by any receipt or judgment therefor: No common carrier shall charge a greater rate where such receipts are issued than they would otherwise be entitled to charge for the services performed.*

1910, ch. 180, sec. 24.

436. If, in the judgment of the commission, any common carrier, railroad corporation, or street railroad corporation, does not run trains enough, or cars enough, or possess or operate motive power enough, reasonably to accommodate the traffic, passenger and freight, transported by or offered for transportation to it, or does not run its trains or cars with sufficient frequency, or at a reasonable or proper time, having regard to safety, or does not run any train or trains, car or cars, upon a reasonable time schedule for the run, the commission shall, after hearing either on its own motion or after complaint, have power to make an order directing any such railroad corporation, or street railroad corporation, to increase the num

Chapters 191 and 668 of the Acts of 1914, covered the same subject matter. The Act last passed is inserted. See American Fidelity Co. vs. State, 97 Atl. Rep. (Md.) 12.

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