vide thorough technical instruction in the arts of | libraries of the professional schools, 17,000. The painting, sculpture, and architecture ; and (2) to | Peabody Museum of Natural History was furnish an acquaintance with all branches of founded, in 1866, by George Peabody, by a gift learning relating to the history, theory, and of $150,000. One wing of the building has been practice of art. The course of technical in- completed. In 1876—7, there were 87 instructors struction covers three years. No provision has in all the departments, besides special lecturers. been made for instruction in the departments of The students were as follows: theological, 95; sculpture and architecture; but it is hoped that, law, 60 ; medical, 36; department of philosophy before long, this will be provided. There is a and the arts, 860 (graduate students, 67; special professor of painting, a professor of drawing, students, 2; academic under-graduates, 569; sciand an instructor in geometry and perspective. entific, 205; fine arts, 16); total, deducting repThe chairs of sculpture, architecture, and anat- etitions, 1,021. The number of degrees conferred, omy are unfilled. The school is open to both prior to 1875, was 10,605, including 870 honorsexes. s. The charge for tuition is $36 for three ary degrees ; the number of academic alumni months. In the departments of philosophy and was 8,464. The government of the college is adthe arts, there are various post-graduate courses, ministered by the president and 18 fellows, of which may be pursued by candidates for the de- whom the governor and lieutenant-governor of grees of A. M., Ph. D., and civil and dynamical Connecticut are, ex officio, two. Six are elected engineer, or by graduates not candidates for a by the alumni; and the remaining ten, who are further degree. In the theological department, Congregational clergymen, are chosen by the there is no charge for tuition or for room rent. fellows themselves. The rectors and presidents There are several scholarships for the aid of have been as follows: Abraham Pierson, 1701 needy students. In the law department, the-7; Samuel Andrew (pro tem.), 1707—19; under-graduate course is two years. There is a Timothy Cutler, 1719–22; Samuel Andrew post-graduate, course of one year for the degree (pro tem.), 1722–5; Elisha Williams, 1725of Master of Law, and of two years, for the 39; Thomas Clap, 1739—66; Naphtali Dagdegree of Doctor of Civil Law. The libraries of gett, 1766—77; Ezra Stiles, 1777–95 ; Timothy the institution contain 117,000 volumes; namely, Dwight, 1795–1817; Jeremiah Day, 1817-46; college library (exclusive of pamphlets), 80,000 ; Theodore Dwight Woolsey, 1846—71; and Linonian and Brothers (society) library, 20,000; 1 Noah Porter, since 1871. ZOOLOGY (Gr. Çwov, an animal, and aóyoç, 1 elementary instruction in this subject, see Horn a discourse) treats of the structure, classification, to Teach, N. Y., 1874.) In the higher grades habits, etc., of animals. It is an important of instruction, the three different departments branch of descriptive natural science, or natural of the science - morphology, physiology, and history, and usually forms a part of the course distribution, should systematically be treated. of study in various grades of schools. In ele- | In every grade of instruction, however, the mentary instruction, it constitutes, with its sister teacher or professor cannot too closely follow science, botany, one of the most effective and the principle laid down by Huxley: “The great available subjects for training the observing fac- business of the scientific teacher is to imprint ulties; and, hence, is often comprised in the the fundamental, irrefragable facts of his scicourse of instruction prescribed for common ence, not only by words upon the mind, but by schools. This subject has peculiar attractions sensible impressions upon the eye, and ear, and for children ; since, as is well known, they in- touch of the student, in so complete a manner, that variably manifest a deep interest in animal life. every term used, or law enunciated, may afterThe principles by which the teacher should be wards call up vivid images of the particular structguided in giving instruction in this, as in other ural, or other, facts which furnished the demonbranches of natural science, have been to some stration of the law, or the illustration of the term." extent explained in previous articles. (See Moreover, every teacher should bear in mind that ASTRONOMY, and BOTANY.) In teaching zoölogy, a good share of his own knowledge should be at care must be particularly taken to exhibit as first-hand-acquired by his own observation, not much as possible the natural objects themselves; simply gleaned from books—or he will not sucand, in elementary teaching, this comes first. ceed in awakening an interest in the minds of That is to say, the pupils are not to be required his pupils. The proper method of teaching this to commit to memory dry definitions and for subject has been clearly shown by one of its greatmulated statements; but their minds should be est masters. (See HUXLEY, On the Study of Zoolbrought in contact with the living realities. ogy, in The Culture demanded by Modern Life, (For a full synopsis of topics and methods for N. Y., 1867.) (See SCIENCE, THE TEACHING OF.) THE END. ANALYTICAL INDEX. (Titles of special articles in full-faced letters; all others, in Italics.] 22 Abacus-1 | Alabama-area and population, edu- | Anglo-Saxon-origin of, modificar cational history, state superin- tions of by other languages, pe- tendents, 14; school system, edu- | culiarities of, its value in com- cational condition, school statis mon schools, 29; in the high tics, normal instruction, 15 ; school or academy, in normal teachers' institutes : secondary, schools, in colleges and univer- superior, professional, scientific, sities, 30; text-books for the study of, 31. See also 673 Anselm, of Canterbury-31 Anselm, of Laon-1 Anthon, Prof.-392, 514 Antioch College-32 Antiochus-2 Antipathy-32 Aphorisms, Educational-value of education, 32; scope of education, teacher and pupil, 33; training and habit, development of the faculties, language,self-education, 34 ; moral education, discipline and government, 35 Apollonius poet;-18 Apparatus, School-35, 764 Appleton, Samuel-549 sketch, influence on education,l. Apprentices-811 See also 246, 262, 676 Approbation, Love of -525 Aptitudes. Special-332, 401 from culture, kinds of, 3; tend tion, 18; positive and negativa, Arabian Schools-36 embraced, 21; class-room work, Arcesilaus-2 Archæology-37 Architecture-see Fine Arts Architecture, School-see School- House. See also 765 Aretino, Guido-780 Argentine Republic-area, popula- bets, etc., origin of the English political and educational, schools alphabet. imperfections in it, and universities, 38 table of vowel elements, 25. See Ariosto-483 also 131, 390, 673, 674 Aristophanes of Byzantium-390 Aristotle-his early life.38;appointed teacher of Alexander, the peri- patetic school, method of teach- ing, theory of education, ante- natal influences, habit as an edu- American Annals of Education — 17, cator, when instruction begins, 400, 864 classes of subjects to be taught. American Institute of Instruction-253, olent exercises opposed to 400, 430 growth, 39 ; antagonism of bod- ily and mental activity, music, political economy, works of Aris- American Missionary Association-16 totle, 40. See also 32, 33, 34, 36, 68, 330, 471 Arithmetic-faulty method of teach- ing, 40; what should constitute sketch, educational works and of, 26; parsing, value of analysis maxims to be kept in view, 43; reasons for the rule in short di- vision, pure and applied arith- velopment to be kept in view in 555, 635 Arizona - organization, area, and population, educational history. 45; school system, educational condition, 46 Arkansas-organization, and admis- sion as a state, educational his- Andrew, J. V.-reforms introduced tory, 46; state teachers' associa- by, 28 tion, 47: state superintendents, school statistics, present law; ANALYTICAL INDEX Bantal of Fulda Bapterosses Dests of, early his engiand Bethel College in the views ofening us aspects. to Arkansas Austro-Hungarian Monarchy-62 Bell, Andrew controversy with Lancaster, the its dual nature, limits of, mode National Society, the British and of enforcing, description of, 65: Foreign School Society, his be- its use in intellectual instruc-1 quests, Madras College, 78. See tion, expressive use of hurtful to also 263, 594, 774 375 Bellarmin-118 Belles-Lettres - early instruction in, 78: order in which the es- thetic is developed in the mind, method of instruction to be pur- sued, proper text-books, original composition one of the most ef- dition of among the ancients, po appointed lord high chancellor, for the beautiful, the esthetic in words sometimes a department of belles lettres, 80 Beloit College-80 Baden-see Germany. See also 725 Belper, Lord-833 Bembo, Cardinal-4 Benecke-352 Benedict-178, 246 Benedictines, Schools of the-their origin, peculiar features of in- struction in, 80, list of the most famous, 81. See also 178 Baltimore-history of education in, Beneke, F. E.-81, 220, 248 school statistics, school system, Benevolence-81 examination and qualification of Bengel, J. A.-81 teachers, 69; industrial educa Bennett, J.A.-109 tion, training of teachers, 70 Benseler-224 Bentley, Richard-82, 514 Berkeley Divinity School—176, 177 Berlin, University of_368 Bern, University of_805 Bernhardi, A. F.-82 Baptists-sects of, early history, 70; Berquin-307 principal colleges in England | Bethany College-82 and Wales, history of in America, | Bethel College-82 tion distinguished from Spartan, naries in America, 71; epochs in olics and Protestants concerning the Bible question, 82, See also 219, 362, 532, 826 Bible Expositions-731 Bible History-84 Bienrod's Primer-715 Bifurcation, System of_366 Barnard, Henry-his early life, edu- | Biology-703 cational works-73. See also 173, 177, 736 Bishop Scott Grammar and Divinity School-671 enrolled, school attendance in Eu Elementarwerk, the philanthro- uses, 84. See also 764 ropean countries, 58; in cities, 59 pin, its failure, his death, his in- Blackburn University-85 Blackie-197 Blahoslav-599 Blair-733, 734 Blake, Mrs. Je r 31ind, Education of the statistics the statistics of the blind, first public asylum for, first attempts at teaching, 85; institutions for, in the U. S. methods of instruction,86; music, mechanical training, government and discipline, systems of print- ing and notation, 87 Blochmann, K. J.-88, 695 Blochmann'sche Institut--88, 199 Block Combinations-313 Blue-Coat School -- see Christ's Hospital Board of Education-see School Board Boarding-School-its stctus in dif- ferent countries, relation to pub lic schools, 88 Böckh, August--362 secondary instruction, 76: sala- | Boethius-481 Bolivia - area and population, condition of education in, 89 Shiel carly life, so Boston ollege_aso 124 Bonaventura College-624 Catechism -- definition and origin, 117; history, 118 its organization, objects, officers, | Catechists--18 and functions, 107. See also 827 Catechumen-118 Cathedral and Collegiate Schools -their history, 118; scope of, decline of, 119. See also 178 Catholepistemiad-219 Catholic Free Schools-647, 649 Catholic Universities-742, 818 Business Colleges-their origin and Catlin, John-622 progress, improvements in, 109; Cato_98. 744 Caucasia-750 Cavendish College-115 Cecilian College-119 Celsus-396 Celtes, Conrad-353 Celtic Languages-464 Census Reports-450 Centenary College--119 Central America-area and popula- tion,educational condition of Gua- temala, Honduras, 119; San Salva- dor, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, 20 Central College-120 Central Tennessee College-120 Central University--120 California-organization, education Centre College-120 al history, 110; state superin Certifcate - see License, and In- kept in view, 97; systems of the educational condition, normal Certificated Teachers-522 teachers' associations, 112 : edu sacrifice of the individual to the mass, temperament, how to dig- cern it, 121; phrenology, 122 Charlemagne -- his educational aims, 122; education of the clergy, Calisthenics - definition of, 113: course of study, system of public value of, proper time for, precau- instruction, 123. See also 118, 139, tions to be taken, 114. See also 702 164, 246, 300, 357, 740 Charles, Duke of Brunswick-116 Calligraphy-Bee Penmanship. See Charleston, College of -123 Chart-123. See also 36 Charterhouse School --267 Cheever, Ezekiel-his life, 123: his Cambridge, University of-history, I work and characteristics, 124. See organization, 114; professorships, also 547 grees, examinations, triposes, Cheltenham Ladies' College-269 local examinations, names of col. Chemistry-its practical value, habit leges, under-graduates, university of memorizing, 125; three meth- buildings, 115; societies, 116. See ods, lectures, text-book study, ar- rangement of material, sensa- tional experiments, 126 ; proper method illustrated, 127 Cherokee Nation-462 Campe, J. H.- his educational the Chicago--population, school statis- tics and system, 128; examina- tion, licensing, and appointment of teachers, salaries of teachers, private schools, 129 Chicago, University of-129 Chicago Congregational Theological Sem- Chicago Theological Seminaries - 72, 170, 712 Childhood-see Age Chili -- area and population, educa- tional condition, primary instruc- tion, school statistics, 130: second- ary, superior, and special instruc. tion, 131. See also 759 Carlsruhe Polytechnical School -369 Chilwell (Engl.) Baptist College-71 China Proper-area and population, early history, religion, alphabet, 131; classics, estimate of educa tion, primary schools, 132: lect- ures, degrees, examinations, in- fluence of Europeans on Chinese instruction, University of Peking, 133. See also 244, 299,378, 379, 380 tory, city superintendents, school true uses, superseded by the Christ Cross Row-134 drian School Christian Brothers' College-134 Christian College-134 Chicinary Pegationa; 01-129 i lentisic superior lenomain Christiania, University of_802 College-history of in France, 150: 1 Concordia College-170 in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Concordia Theological Seminary-534 U.S., 151; Harvard, Yale, 152; table Condillac-204 of colleges in the U.S., con ven. Condorcet-316 tion of college presidents in the Confucius-132 U.S. in 1874, 163 Congregationalists-their history. originators of common schools, list of schools and colleges, 170; American Education Society, church government, educators, Collegiate Schools-see Cathedral 171 Schools Congregations (University)-115 Colombia, United States of-area Connecticut - area and population, and population, educational his educational history, 171; taxes, 172; tuition fees, permanent tund, 173; state superintendents, state Color - value of instruction in, teachers' association, school sys- method of teaching, harmony ot tem, educational condition, 174; colors, 155. See also 778 statistics normal and secondary population, educational history, schools, superior, professional, school system, 156; educational scientific, and special instruction, condition, secondary and other 176: educational literature, 177. instruction, 157 See also 166 Conscience, Culture of-its compar- ative strength or weakness, moral precepts not necessarily a culti- Constantinople, University of_385 Constitution of U. S.-178 178; influence of Reformation on, basis and distinguishing features of, 179. See also 246, 715 in early education, 180 cendi artificium, Orbis sensualium Convocation, University-646 pictus, and other works, his posi- Cooper Institute-see Cooper, Pe- tion as an educational reformer, ter ideal order of instruction, equal Cooper, Peter-his early life, in- instruction of both sexes, educa- tentions in regard to the ednca- tion and development identical, tion of the industrial classes, physical education, school rooms Cooper Union for the Advance- and play-grounds. words to be ment of Science and Art, course of instruction in, 180, 181 learned by practice, anniversary | Coote, Edward-182 of Comenius's death, statue Copenhagen, Unirersity of-214 Copying-182 Corbie--81 Corderius, Mathurin-183 Cornelia_98, 302 Bureau of Education Cornell, Ezra_9 Cornell College--183 Cornell University-183. See also 9 Corporal Punishment - advocates of, abuse of, History of the Rod. 185; the Terrors of the Rod, hors- ing. 186; disciplinary value of, 187: justifiable as a last resort Competitive Examinations - see statistics, 188; present practice of Examinations the civilized world, legal aspects, Composition-oral composition, ac offenses justifying the use of. 189. curacy of expression, method of See also 246, 319, 359, 630, 793 composing, preliminary train Correa de Oliveira-101 ing, 163; daily practice necessary, Corvallis College-190 correction of compositions, rhet Costa Rica - 120 oric, 164 Council of Trent-742 regarded in the U. 8., 145; argu mation of, history of, 164; school I Course of Instruction proper Cousin, Victor-192. See also 1, 165, 318 nance of conceptive faculty dur Cowper-196, 260, 434 ing infancy, basis of judgment, Cracow, University of_64 ends to be kept in view, value of Cramming-192 object teaching, illustrations, Crèche-193, 658 168; conceptions dependent upon | Crime and Education-their rela. feelings. 169. See also 453, 469 tion, 193: prison congresses, sta- tistics, 194; prison schools, crime Concert Teaching a kind of rote governed by fixed, natural laws, teaching, memorizing, excessive 195 rote teaching injurious, tone of Crocheting-466 voice in responses 169 Crooks, Dr.-224 Croton, School of-384 |