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amination by said directors from amongst those, if males, of the age of sixteen or upwards, and if females, of not less than fourteen years, who manifest a desire and a capacity to exercise the profession of teaching, preference being always given to those of the best moral character, most studious habits and greatest proficiency in knowledge, but no one to be so admitted unless proficient in all the studies required for entrance into the normal schools by their general regulations, adopted under Article VII.* of this section. 16

Compensation from other students.

844. X. Students other than those admitted on district account, to pay such sum for tuition as the trustees shall determine; but in the admission of such students the preference always to be given to such as are designed for the profession of teaching, and as between private and public stu dents, a like preference to be given to the latter in case of insufficiency of room to accommodate all who apply, and no difference in the charge for boarding and lodging to be made in favor of any class of students."7

When pupils from school district may be instructed in normal schools. Payment of expenses. Minutes.

845. From and after the passage of this act it shall be lawful for the trustees of the state normal schools now within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or that may hereafter be established within said Commonwealth, and the school directors of any school district to enter into an arrangement or agreement between such trustees and such school directors of such district by which the pupils of such school district, or any portion of them as may not be convenient to any school, may be instructed at any such state normal school, and the expense of such instruction shall be paid as may be agreed upon between the directors or controllers of such district and the trustees of any of said normal schools. Such action of the said school district or districts and the trustees of such state normal school shall

* Supra 841.

16. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 6, P. L. 581.

17. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 6, P. L. 581.

be entered, respectively, upon the minutes of the said respective boards. 18

Admission of teachers from common schools.

846. XI. Teachers who shall have taught a common school in their proper normal district during a full school term of their common school district next preceding their application, may be admitted for any term not less than one month into their proper norma' school, at a charge for instruction not to exceed two dollars per month, and shall pay the same price for boarding and lodging, if there be room for them, as other students, and shall have the same care and facilities for study in proportion to their advancement.19 Examinations of graduating classes. Board of examiners. Appointment of Board.

847. All examinations of the graduating classes at the normal schools shall be conducted by a board, of which the superintendent of public instruction or his deputy shall be president, of two principals of the normal schools, of whom the principal of the school where the students are to be examined shall be one, and not less than two nor more than six county, city, borough or township superintendents, to be appointed by the superintendent of public instruction.20 Appropriation for expenses of board of examiners.

848. The expenses incurred by the members of the several boards of examiners shall be paid by the state, as provided by existing laws, and the sum of two thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be annually appropriated for that purpose." All acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith are herewith repealed.21% Manner of holding examinations.

849. XII. The annual examinations shall take place in the presence of the superintendents of all the counties embraced in the proper normal school districts.22

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Power to expel students attending school on district account.

850. XIII. The faculty of each normal school shall have the power to expel any student attending on district account for improper conduct, which expulsion and the cause of it shall forthwith be certified in writing by the principal to the directors of the district from which the expelled student was admitted, whereupon such directors shall have the right to supply the vacancy thus created. 23

Examinations of schools desiring to be admitted to the privileges of normal schools.

851. When the trustees of any school desirous of claiming the privileges of this act shall make application to the state superintendent of common schools, it shall be the duty of the superintendent of common schools, together with four other competent and disinterested persons, to be chosen by him, with the consent of the governor, and all the superintendents of the counties in the normal school district in which such school shall be situated, on receiving due notice from the department of common schools personally, and at the same time, to visit and carefully inspect such school; and if, after thorough examination thereof, and of its bylaws, rules and regulations and of its general arrangement and facilities for instruction, they or at least two-thirds of them shall approve the same, and find that they fully come up to the provisions of this act, in that case and in no other they shall certify the same to the department of common schools, with their opinions that such school has fully complied with the provisions of this act, as far as can be done. before going into operation under this act; whereupon the state superintendent shall forthwith recognize such school as a state normal school under this act, and give public notice thereof in two newspapers in each county in the proper normal school district, and thenceforward this act shall go into full operation, so far as regards such school, without any further proceedings: Provided, however, As hereinbefore set forth, that no such notice shall be given until at least three other normal schools, in as many different normal districts, shall have been similarly inspected, approved 23. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 6, P. L. 581.

and certified to the department of common schools; and if upon due inspection any school so applying shall be found insufficient under this act, said board of inspectors shall so report to the superintendent of common schools, who shall thereupon inform the trustees thereof of such adverse report.24

Proceedings where two or more schools make application. Visitation.

852. If two or more schools apply in the same district to be recognized under this act at the same time, all of them shall be visited in the manner prescribed by the next preceding section, and the one found to possess the largest and best accommodations and arrangements, to give effect to the purposes of this act, shall be preferred, and so certified if it fully come up to the requirements of this act; and if two or more schools in the same district be found to possess equal accommodations and arrangements fully up to the requirements of this act, in that case the one nearest to the centre of the proper normal district shall be preferred, and certified for recognition to the department of common schools; and if one or more of the schools thus applying for recognition give notice to the department of common schools, with reasonable assurance that it or they are not now ready for inspection under the seventh section of this act,* but will be within the term of six months from and after the date of such notice, in that case none of the applicant schools shall be inspected in such district till such time within said six months when all shall be prepared for inspection, when like proceedings shall take place as have been prescribed in the preceding part of this and the seventh section. 25

Examination of candidates for graduation. Certificates of scholarship.

853. The board of principals who shall examine the candidates for graduation in any of the normal schools under this act, shall issue certificates to be signed by all of them to all such students of the full course as two-thirds of

24. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 7, P. L. 581.

* Supra 851.

25. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 8, P. L. 581.

the board shall approve, setting forth expressly, the branches in which each have been found duly qualified, which certificates must embrace all the branches enumerated in the fourth article of the fifth section of this act,* including the theory but not including the practice of teaching, and may also embrace any additional branches in which the graduate was found proficient; actual teachers of common schools in good standing who shall produce satisfactory evidence of having taught in common [schools] during three full consecutive annual terms of the districts in which they were employed, may also be examined at the same time and in the same manner with the regular students of their proper normal school, and if found equally qualified, shall receive certificates of scholarship of the same kind. 26

Certificates. Effect thereof.

854. All the certificates granted under this section shall be received as evidence of scholarship to the extent set forth on the face of them, without further examination, in every part of the state.27

When additional certificate may be granted.

855. Whenever the holder of any certificate under this section shall by study and practice, have prepared for examination in any branches of study additional to those in such certificate, he or she may attend the annual examination of the normal school of the district, and if found duly qualified, shall receive a new certificate, setting forth all the branches in which up to that time, he or she may have been found proficient; and thenceforth such enlarged certificate shall also be evidence of scholarship to the extent of it in every part of the state without further examination. 28 When certificates of graduation shall be issued. Proof required.

856. No certificate of competence in the practice of teaching shall be issued to the regular graduate of any of said normal schools, till after the expiration of two years from the date of graduation, and of two full annual terms

* Supra 837.

26. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 9, P. L. 581. 27. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 9, P. L. 581. 28. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 9, P. L. 581.

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