of actual teaching in the district or districts in which such graduate taught, nor to any teacher who shall hold a full certificate of scholarship, without having been a regular student and graduate, unless upon full proof of three years. actual teaching in a common school or schools, nor in either case without the production of a certificate of good moral conduct, and satisfactory discharge of the requisite duration of professional duty, from the board or boards of directors in whose employment the applicant shall have taught, countersigned by the county superintendent of the proper county or counties; on the production of which proof and not otherwise, a full certificate of competence in the practice of teaching shall be added to the certificate of scholarship, and of theoretical knowledge of the science of teaching already possessed, to be received as full evidence of practical qualification to teach in any part of the state without further exi nination: Provided, however, That practical teachers who shall upon due examination, receive a certificate of scholarship, may at the same time receive a certificate in the practice of teaching, upon producing the required evidence of three years' previous experience in the art of teaching and of good moral conduct. 29

Normal school second diploma.

857. Under the act of May 20, 1857, the necessary two years of actual teaching must be in Pennsylvania before a second diploma can be granted to a graduate of a normal school. If students go into other states to teach, Pennsylvania received no direct benefit, although she has contributed liberally to their support. Of course, it is not within the power of the legislature to prevent graduates of our normal schools from going into other states to teach, but it can say that by so doing they forfeit the advantages which the law confers upon those teachers who give their services to our common schools.30

Number of votes necessary to obtain a certificate or to graduate. 858. No person shall graduate at a state normal school or receive a state certificate as a practical teacher, unless by

29. Act May 20, 1857, Sec. 10, P. L. 581. 30. Teachers' Certificate, 16 Pa. C. C. 403.

the affirmative vote of four out of five members of the board of examiners.31

Provisional certificates. Degree of scholarship.

859. No temporary or provisional certificate nor certificate of any less degree of scholarship than that required by the ninth section of this act, shall be issued by said board of principals nor by the faculty of any of said schools, but the principal of each of said schools may certify in writing, to the length of time which teachers may have attended under the eleventh article of the sixth section of this act,* and the manner of their deportment while in attend

ance32

Duty of students who graduate on district account.

860. The students who shall graduate on district account in any of said normal schools, shall be liable to devote the next three years after their graduation, to the exercise of their profession as teachers in the common schools of the district which defrayed the expense of their professional instruction, if so required by the respective boards of directors of such districts, and at the medium salary or compensation paid in such districts, and if not so required by their proper district, they shall devote said three years to the employment of teaching in the common schools of some other district or districts, at such salary as may be given therein; and each of said students before admission to the proper normal school, shall subscribe a written declaration of his or her intention to comply with the provisions of this section, which shall be deposited with the secretary of the board of directors of the proper common school district.33

Duty of superintendent.

861. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of common schools to prescribe all forms and to give all instructions required for carrying this act into full effect on all points not herein set forth in detail,34

31. Act May 12, 1875, Sec. 9, P. L. 43.

When normal schools shall go into operation.

862. As soon as a normal school, such as is contemplated and described by the act35 to which this is a supplement, shall be in full operation in any of the districts created by said act, and shall have all the requisites, and have been visited, approved and recognized in the mode directed by said act, then said act shall go into operation as fully and effectually, in regard to said school, as if the four schools thereby required had been established and recognized: Provided, however, That not more than one school in each district shall be recognized under this act.37

Requisites for the establishment of a normal school.

863. The requisites to entitle any school to the benefits of this act, or the one to which this is a supplement, as set forth in the sixth section thereof, are hereby altered in the following particulars, viz.: The pupils of the model school may or may not be from the immediate vicinity of the normal school with which it is connected, as in the discretion of the trustees thereof shall seem most expedient ;38 that the cost of the tuition of all classes of students, whether admitted on common school district account, private account, or whether they are actual school teachers, shall be fixed by the trustees of the several schools ;39 that the examination of students for graduation,4° if only one school shall be in recognized operation, shall be by the faculty thereof: if two schools shall be in operation, it shall be by the principals of both; if three, it shall be by the principals of all, or at least two of them; and when more than three shall be in operation, the examination shall never be conducted by less than three principals, to be designated as prescribed by the twelfth paragraph of the sixth section of said act, of whom the principal of the school whose students are to be examined shall be one And provided, That these examinations shall

in all cases be conducted in the presence of the superintendent of common schools and the county superintendents of the proper district, if they desire to attend, upon receiving due notice; that the certificate to graduates shall embrace such branches of learning, in addition to those of orthography, reading, writing, English grammar, geography and arithmetic, as shall be prescribed by the board of principals in accordance with the seventh paragraph of the sixth section of said act,42 or by the principal of the first school recognized, so long as only one shall be in operation; and the certificate shall be signed by all the examiners, if less, and by at least two-thirds of them, if more than three, and also by the whole faculty of the proper school, in every

case.43

State trustees. Appointment.

864. The state superintendent shall appoint, on or before the first Monday of May, annually, two citizens of each normal school district in which a normal school is in operation, and which have received or shall receive any appropriation from the state, to act as trustees on the part of the state, with all the rights and privileges of other trustees in the boards of trustees of the several normal schools: Provided, That this act shall apply to such normal school associations as shall accept its provisions.44

State appropriation.

865. For the support of the public schools and normal schools of this Commonwealth, for the two years commencing on the first day of June, one thousand nine hundred and five, the sum of eleven million one hundred thousand dollars.45

Allowance to students who agree to teach in the common schools. 866. Out of the sum of eleven million one hundred thousand dollars hereby appropriated, there shall be paid for the education of teachers in the state normal schools the

45.

Sec. 8 of the General Appropriation Act of 1905, P. L. 596.

sum of four hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, to be applied as follows: For each student over seventeen years of age, who shall sign an agreement binding said student to teach in the common schools of this state two full annual terms, there shall be paid the sum of one dollar and fifty cents a week, in full payment of the expenses for tuition of said students.46

Instruction of pupils drawing an allowance.

867. Each student in a state normal school drawing an allowance from the state must receive regular instruction in the science and art of teaching, in a special class devoted to that object, for the whole time for which such allowance is drawn; which amount shall be paid upon the warrants of the superintendent of public instruction.47

Allowance of fifty dollars to graduates of normal schools.

868. To each student who, during the school year commencing on the first Monday of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, shall have graduated at any of the normal schools of the state, and who shall sign an agreement, binding said student to teach, in the common schools of the state, two full years, there shall be paid the sum of fifty dollars.48

Graduates under seventeen years old not entitled to fifty-dollar allowance.

869. The allowance of fifty dollars to graduates of normal schools who agree to teach two years in the public. schools cannot be paid to students who graduate under age of seventeen.49

Trustees and their powers. Election and appointment.

870. The pecuniary and other affairs of each state normal school shall be managed by a board of eighteen trustees, twelve elected by the contributors or stockholders, and six appointed by the superintendent of public instruction.50

46. Sec. 8 of the General Appropriation Act of 1905, P. L. 596.

47.

Sec. 8 of the General Appropriation Act of 1905, P. L. 596. 48. Act April 11, 1866, Sec. 16, P. L. 73.