viceroy of Spain, slain at Poic- tiers, 292, 294.
king of Cordova, 345, 364, 506-7. Abotrites, Slavonic tribe, 360, 361, 427.
Abu-Bekr, first caliph, 216.
Abu-Obeida, Saracen chief, 217, 218. Acroinon, battle of, 311.
Adalbert, stirs up civil wars, 473; beheaded, 473.
Adalhard dismissed by Louis the Pious, 386; recalled, 391.
Adaloald, king of the Lombards, 195.
Adelchis, son of Desiderius, 347, 348, 363.
Adelgis, duke of Benevento, im- prisons Lewis II., 457.
Africa, kingdom of Vandals in, 8; conquered by Belisarius, 76-79; conquered by Saracens, 238, 251. Agatho, pope, 278.
Agila, Visigothic king, 133. Agilulf, Lombard king, 170, 193; his conversion to Christianity, 193; wars with the empire, 194. Agobard of Lyons, conspires against
Lewis the Pious, 394; deposed, 399. Aistulf, Lombard king, 327; con- quers Ravenna and Benevento, 327; threatens Rome, and is subdued by Pippin, 329; besieges Rome, 330; defeated by Pippin and dies, 331.
Alahis, duke of Trent, rebels against Berthari and Cunibert, 275. Alamanni, ask protection of Theo- doric, 25; subdued by Chlodovech, 60; by Charles Martel, 290; by Pippin the Short, 323.
Alaric II. king of Visigoths, slain by Chlodovech, 26, 63.
Alboin, Lombard king, 183; invades Italy, 184; murder of, 186. Alcuin, at court of Charles the Great, 341, 379, 380.
Alexandria taken by Saracens, 220,
Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, 240. Amalafrida, sister of Theodoric, wife of Thrasamund, 28; murdered, 75. Amalaswintha, daughter of Theo- doric, 29; her regency for Atha- laric, 74-79; Theodahat her cel league, 80; murdered, 80.
Amalric, Visigothic king, 26, 63; slain by the Franks, 115.
Amblève, battle of, 266.
Amorium, siege of, 255; destroyed by Saracens, 487.
Amrou, Saracen leader, 220, 237. Anastasius I., emperor, 46; charac- ter of, 47; quells rebellion of Isau- rians, 48; war with Persia, 48; his heterodoxy, 51; troubles with Blue and Green factions and with Vita- lian, 51; death, 52.
II., dethrones Leontius, 254; his orthodoxy, 279; rebels against Leo the Isaurian, 310. Anatolic theme, 242. Anbasa-ibn-Johim invades Gaul, 292. Anchialus, battle of, 316. Andalusia, conquests of East-Romans in, A.D. 106, 133-134.
Andernach, battle of, 434.
Andreas murders Constantinus-Con-
Ansegisel, son of St. Arnulf, 178. Ansprand, regent for king Luit- prand, 279, 280; king of the Lombards, 280.
Antioch taken by Persians, 92, 155; by Saracens, 219.
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, 70, 94, 95.
Aquitaine conquered by Chlodovech,
62; invaded by Saracens, 271, 292; rebellions of, against the Franks, 292, 296, 323, 332, 337, 422.
Arabia before Mohammed, 213. Ariadne, empress, 37, 46, 47. Arianism in Africa, 8, 10, II; in Spain, 62, 130, 141; suppressed by Reccared, 142.
Aribert, Lombard king, 272, 273. II., 279, 280.
Arichis of Benevento rebels against Charles the Great, 348. Arioald, Lombard king, 196. Arles besieged by Franks, 26, 63; gained and lost by Saracens, 296; kingdom of, 437.
Armenia conquered by Saracens, 250. Arnulf, St., bishop of Metz, 178.
duke of Carinthia, rebels against Charles the Fat, 443; in- vades Italy, 464; reign of, 468-71; defeats the Danes, 469. Arti vasdus, rebellion of, 313. Artemius Anastasius. See Anasta- sius II.
Ased-ibn-Forat, Saracen leader, 448. Asturias, kingdom of, 506-10. Athalaric, king of Ostrogoths, 74, 79. Athaloc, bishop, rebellion of, 142. Athanagild, Visigothic king, 133, 134.
Audoin, Lombard king, 182. Austrasia, origin of name, 162. Authari, Lombard king, 170, 192;
his wars with the Franks, 192, 193. Auximum taken by Belisarius, 86. Avars, the, on the Danube, 146, 183; their wars with the empire, 149, 151, 153; invade Italy, 195; threaten Constantinople, 207; besiege it, 210, 211; subdued by Charles the Great, 361, 362.
BADUILA (Totila), king of the Goths, 97; conquers North Italy, 99; takes Rome, 100; conquers Sardinia and Sicily, 102; defeated by Narses and slain, 104.
Balearic islands won by the Franks, 364.
Barcelona taken by the Franks, 365;
Bardas Caesar, regent for Michael III., 490; murdered by his nephew, 491.
Bari, Moorish kingdom of, 452; re- taken by Lewis II., 457.
Basil I., the Macedonian, favourite of Michael III., 491; murders his bene- factor, 492; his reign, 493; his inter- nal administration and wars, 492; aids Lewis II. against Moors, 457. Basiliscus rebels against Zeno, 38. Basques, resist the Goths, 223, 224,
229; slay Roland the Frank, 353- Bathildis, mother of Clothar III., 257. Bavarians, origin of the, 118; rebel
against the Franks, 261; subdued by Charles Martel, 290; conver- sion of, 297; annexed by Charles the Great, 356.
Begga, daughter of Pippin the Elder, 178.
Belisarius, early history of, 70; gover- nor of Daras, 69; defeats Persians, 69; leads troops against 'Nika' rebellion, 73; conquers Vandals, 76-78; his triumph and consulship, 79; conquers Ostrogoths, 81-88; refuses Gothic crown, 87; recalled by Justinian, 88; second Persian war, 93; disgraced, 95; commands again in Italy, 99-101; defeats the Huns, 108; disgraced and restored, 108.
Benedict III., reconciles the sons of Lothair, 425; his quarrel with Photius, 453
Benevento, origin of duchy of, 187;
invaded by Charles the Great, 349; by Moors, 450; by Byzantines, 460. Berengar of Friuli, king of Italy, 445; his wars with Wido, 463; deposed, 463; regains his kingdom, 465; defeats Lewis of Arles, 466; defeats the Moors, 466; murdered, 467. Bernard, king of Italy, 377; rebels, 389; death, 390.
Bernard of Septimania, minister of Lewis the Pious, 386. Bertha, marries Ethelbert of Kent, 161.
wife of Pippin the Short, 329; reconciles her sons, 336. Berthari, Lombard king, 273; de- posed and restored, 273, 274; his reign, 275.
Bessas, governor of Rome, 99, 100. Biorn, jarl, ravages Neustria, 425. Blue and Green factions, 50; in the
'Nika' sedition, 71-73; armed by Maurice, 154; by Phocas, 157. Bodolin slays Childerich 1., 258. Boethius, his imprisonment and death, 30.
Bohemia conquered by Charles the Great, 361; revolts, 434. Boniface, St. (Winifrith), mission-
ary to Germany, 291; archbishop of Transrhenane Germany, 297; reforms the Church, 324; anoints Pippin, 326; martyrdom of, 329. Bonus, patrician, defends Constanti- nople, 210.
Bordeaux taken by Danes, 421. Boso, king of Arles, 437.
Bretons, independence of, 5, 59; re- bellions of, 359, 366, 421, 432, 502. Breviarium Alarici, Gothic law book, 132.
Brunhildis marries Sigibert I., 133; stirs up wars, 163; imprisoned by Chilperich, 164; marries Merovech, 165; her regency, 165-8; her second regency, 172; third regency, 174; murdered, 174; character, 175. Buccelin, defeated by Narses, 106,
Buccellarii, 131, 242.
Bulgarians, ravage Moesia, 49; settle there, 248; defeated by Justinian II., 249; wars of with Constantine Copronymus, 316; with Constan- tine VI., 319; with Nicephorus I., 480; defeated by Leo V., 482. Burgundy, kingdom of, 5; attacked by Franks, 26; subdued by Franks, 115.
Lower, kingdom of, founded by Boso, 437.
- Upper (or Transjurane), kingdom of, founded by Rudolf, 445.
CARDAM, king of Bulgaria, 319
Carloman, son of Charles Martel Mayor of Austrasia, 298; his cam- paigns, 323; abdicates, 324; op- poses war with Lombards, 328.
son of Pippin the Short, crowned at Soissons, 355; quarrels with Charles, 337; death, 338.
king of Bavaria, 427; rebels against Lewis the German, 427; invades Italy, 433, 461; illness and death, 437-8.
son of Charles the Bald, con- spires against his father, 429.
king of France, 426; buys peace from the Danes, 441; killed hunt- ing, 441,
Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 78; by Saracens, 232, 251. Casilinum, battle of, 106, 119. Castille, county of, 509. Charibert I., king of Paris, 160.
II. king of Aquitaine, 178.
Charles Martel, 264; leader of Austrasians, 265; defeats Neu- strians, 266, 267; his rule as mayor, 267-269; wars with Saxons and Frisians, 289-290; subdues Aquitaine, 292; defeats Saracens at Poictiers, 293-294; conquers Provence and Septimania, 296.
the Great, crowned at Noyon, 335; subdues Aquitaine, 337; character of, 338-43; conquers Lombards, 347-8; expeditions against Saxons, 346-351, 353-355, 366; invades Spain, 352; conquers the Slavs, 362; the Avars, 362-363; wars with East Romans, 363; with Saracens, 365; the Danes, 368; his introduction of the theory of the empire, 369; coronation as emperor, 373; administration, 375-9; encouragement of art and learning, 379; death, 382.
son of Charles the Great, king of Neustria, 359; conquers Bohemia, 361; dies, 377:
the Bald, king of Suabia, 400; imprisoned by his brothers, 397; king of Neustria, 402; wars with Lothair, 407; subdues Aquitaine, 421; vexed by Vikings, 419-422; attacked by Lewis the German, 422, 426; issues edict of Pistres, 429; buys peace from the Dane 420-434; invades Provence,
invades Austrasia, 432-434; peror, 433; death, 435. Charles, king of Provence, 426; death, 430.
king of Aquitaine, 429.
the Fat, king of Suabia, 427; invades Italy, 433; emperor, 438; buys peace from the Danes, 440; fails to relieve Paris, 442; dethroned 443; death, 443.
the Simple, 441; rebels against Odo, king of France, 499; cedes Normandy to Hrolf, 501; civil wars of, 504-505; murdered, 505. Childebert I., king of Paris, III; conquers Burgundy, 114; wars with Visigoths, 115; death, 121.
II., king of Austrasia, 164; wars with Lombards, 170-192; with Neustrians, 171; death, 171.
III., king of the Franks, 264. son of Grimoald, usurper, 256. Childerich I., king of Austrasia, 257-259.
II., last king of the Franks, 268, 323; dethroned, 325. Chilperich I., king of Soissons, 160; murders his wife, 161; wars with Sigibert, 163; atrocities of, 168; death, 169.
II., king of Neustria, 266; in- vades Austrasia, 266; defeated by Charles Martel, 266-7; death, 268. Chindaswinth, king of Visigoths,
225; his strong administration, 226. Chinthila, king of Visigoths, 225. Chlodomer, king of Orleans, III; slain by Burgundians, 114. Chlodovald (St. Cloud), 114. Chlodovech I. (Chlodwig), king of the Franks, 25, 26, 58; conquers Northern Gaul, 59; marries Chro- tehildis, 59; subdues Alamanni, 60; his conversion, 61; wars with Burgundians, 62; conquers Aqui- taine, 63; king of all the Franks, 64.
II., king of Neustria, 179, 256, 257, 264. Chlothar I., king of Soissons, III, 112; murders his nephews, 114; conquers Burgundy, 115; with Visigoths, 119; defeated by Saxons, 120; sole king of the Franks, 121; death, 122,
ar II., king of Neustria, 169;
wars with Austrasians, 174; mur- ders Brunhildis, 174; decline in power of, 178.
Chlothar III., king of Neustria, 257, 258.
IV., king of Austrasia, 267. Chosroes I., king of Persia, 69; makes peace with Justinian, 69; receives embassy from Witiges, 86; war with Justinian, 92-96; with Justin II., 147.
II., placed on throne by Maurice, 151; war with Phocas, 155; with Heraclius, 205-211; death, 212. Chramn, son of Chlothar I., 120; burnt alive, 121. Christophorus, rebellion of, 317. Chrotehildis (Clotilde) wife of Chlo- dovech, 59, 60.
Clair-sur-Epte, treaty of, 502. Claudius, general of Reccared, 142. Clement, bishop, opposes Boniface, 324.
Clepho, king of the Lombards, 186 Code of Justinian, 109; abridged by Leo the Isaurian, 307; by Basil I. 492.
Colchis won by Justinian, 108. Conrad of Franconia, king of Ger- many, 475; his troubled reign, 476; defeated by Saxons, 476; death, 477. Constans II. See Constantinus. Constantine IV. or v., Pogonatus, em- peror, 246; saves Constantinople from Saracens, 247; war with Bul- garians, 248.
V. or VI., Copronymus, 312; his iconoclastic zeal, 314-315; wars with Saracens, 315; with Bulgar- ians, 316; death, 317.
VI. or VII., 318; his minority, 318; seizes power, 319; dethroned by Irene, 320.
VII. or VIII. Porphyrogenitus, 494. Constantinople, position and import- ance of, 35; siege of by Avars and Persians, 210, 211; first siege by Saracens, 247; Council of, 248, 278; second siege by Saracens, 301-303; Council of, 314; Synod of, anathematises the pope, 454. Constantinus (Constans II.), emperor, 237; wars with Saracens, 238-9; with Slavs, 240; his 'Type,' 241;
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