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247.

viceroy of Spain, slain at Poic-
tiers, 292, 294.

king of Cordova, 345, 364, 506-7.
Abotrites, Slavonic tribe, 360, 361,
427.

Abu-Bekr, first caliph, 216.

Abu-Obeida, Saracen chief, 217, 218.
Acroinon, battle of, 311.

Adalbert, stirs up civil wars, 473;
beheaded, 473.

Adalhard dismissed by Louis the
Pious, 386; recalled, 391.

Adaloald, king of the Lombards,
195.

Adelchis, son of Desiderius, 347, 348,
363.

Adelgis, duke of Benevento, im-
prisons Lewis II., 457.

Africa, kingdom of Vandals in, 8;
conquered by Belisarius, 76-79;
conquered by Saracens, 238, 251.
Agatho, pope, 278.

Agila, Visigothic king, 133.
Agilulf, Lombard king, 170, 193;
his conversion to Christianity, 193;
wars with the empire, 194.
Agobard of Lyons, conspires against

Lewis the Pious, 394; deposed, 399.
Aistulf, Lombard king, 327; con-
quers Ravenna and Benevento, 327;
threatens Rome, and is subdued by
Pippin, 329; besieges Rome, 330;
defeated by Pippin and dies, 331.

Alahis, duke of Trent, rebels against
Berthari and Cunibert, 275.
Alamanni, ask protection of Theo-
doric, 25; subdued by Chlodovech,
60; by Charles Martel, 290; by
Pippin the Short, 323.

Alaric II. king of Visigoths, slain by
Chlodovech, 26, 63.

Alboin, Lombard king, 183; invades
Italy, 184; murder of, 186.
Alcuin, at court of Charles the Great,
341, 379, 380.

Alexandria taken by Saracens, 220,

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III., wars of, 509.

Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, 240.
Amalafrida, sister of Theodoric, wife
of Thrasamund, 28; murdered, 75.
Amalaswintha, daughter of Theo-
doric, 29; her regency for Atha-
laric, 74-79; Theodahat her cel
league, 80; murdered, 80.

Amalric, Visigothic king, 26, 63; slain
by the Franks, 115.

Amblève, battle of, 266.

Amorium, siege of, 255; destroyed
by Saracens, 487.

Amrou, Saracen leader, 220, 237.
Anastasius I., emperor, 46; charac-
ter of, 47; quells rebellion of Isau-
rians, 48; war with Persia, 48; his
heterodoxy, 51; troubles with Blue
and Green factions and with Vita-
lian, 51; death, 52.

II., dethrones Leontius, 254; his
orthodoxy, 279; rebels against Leo
the Isaurian, 310.
Anatolic theme, 242.
Anbasa-ibn-Johim invades Gaul, 292.
Anchialus, battle of, 316.
Andalusia, conquests of East-Romans
in, A.D. 106, 133-134.

Andernach, battle of, 434.

Andreas murders Constantinus-Con-

stans, 246.

Ansegisel, son of St. Arnulf, 178.
Ansprand, regent for king Luit-
prand, 279, 280; king of the
Lombards, 280.

Antioch taken by Persians, 92, 155;
by Saracens, 219.

Antonina, wife of Belisarius, 70, 94,
95.

Aquitaine conquered by Chlodovech,

62; invaded by Saracens, 271,
292; rebellions of, against the
Franks, 292, 296, 323, 332, 337,
422.

Arabia before Mohammed, 213.
Ariadne, empress, 37, 46, 47.
Arianism in Africa, 8, 10, II; in
Spain, 62, 130, 141; suppressed by
Reccared, 142.

Aribert, Lombard king, 272, 273.
II., 279, 280.

Arichis of Benevento rebels against
Charles the Great, 348.
Arioald, Lombard king, 196.
Arles besieged by Franks, 26, 63;
gained and lost by Saracens, 296;
kingdom of, 437.

Armenia conquered by Saracens, 250.
Arnulf, St., bishop of Metz, 178.

duke of Carinthia, rebels
against Charles the Fat, 443; in-
vades Italy, 464; reign of, 468-71;
defeats the Danes, 469.
Arti vasdus, rebellion of, 313.
Artemius Anastasius. See Anasta-
sius II.

Ased-ibn-Forat, Saracen leader, 448.
Asturias, kingdom of, 506-10.
Athalaric, king of Ostrogoths, 74, 79.
Athaloc, bishop, rebellion of, 142.
Athanagild, Visigothic king, 133,
134.

Audoin, Lombard king, 182.
Austrasia, origin of name, 162.
Authari, Lombard king, 170, 192;

his wars with the Franks, 192, 193.
Auximum taken by Belisarius, 86.
Avars, the, on the Danube, 146, 183;
their wars with the empire, 149, 151,
153; invade Italy, 195; threaten
Constantinople, 207; besiege it,
210, 211; subdued by Charles the
Great, 361, 362.

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BADUILA (Totila), king of the Goths,
97; conquers North Italy, 99; takes
Rome, 100; conquers Sardinia and
Sicily, 102; defeated by Narses and
slain, 104.

Balearic islands won by the Franks,
364.

Barcelona taken by the Franks, 365;

county of, 508.

Bardas Caesar, regent for Michael
III., 490; murdered by his nephew,
491.

Bari, Moorish kingdom of, 452; re-
taken by Lewis II., 457.

Basil I., the Macedonian, favourite of
Michael III., 491; murders his bene-
factor, 492; his reign, 493; his inter-
nal administration and wars, 492;
aids Lewis II. against Moors, 457.
Basiliscus rebels against Zeno, 38.
Basques, resist the Goths, 223, 224,

229; slay Roland the Frank, 353-
Bathildis, mother of Clothar III., 257.
Bavarians, origin of the, 118; rebel

against the Franks, 261; subdued
by Charles Martel, 290; conver-
sion of, 297; annexed by Charles
the Great, 356.

Begga, daughter of Pippin the Elder,
178.

Belisarius, early history of, 70; gover-
nor of Daras, 69; defeats Persians,
69; leads troops against 'Nika'
rebellion, 73; conquers Vandals,
76-78; his triumph and consulship,
79; conquers Ostrogoths, 81-88;
refuses Gothic crown, 87; recalled
by Justinian, 88; second Persian
war, 93; disgraced, 95; commands
again in Italy, 99-101; defeats the
Huns, 108; disgraced and restored,
108.

Benedict III., reconciles the sons of
Lothair, 425; his quarrel with
Photius, 453

Benevento, origin of duchy of, 187;

invaded by Charles the Great, 349;
by Moors, 450; by Byzantines, 460.
Berengar of Friuli, king of Italy,
445; his wars with Wido, 463;
deposed, 463; regains his kingdom,
465; defeats Lewis of Arles, 466;
defeats the Moors, 466; murdered,
467.
Bernard, king of Italy, 377; rebels,
389; death, 390.

Bernard of Septimania, minister of
Lewis the Pious, 386.
Bertha, marries Ethelbert of Kent,
161.

wife of Pippin the Short, 329;
reconciles her sons, 336.
Berthari, Lombard king, 273; de-
posed and restored, 273, 274; his
reign, 275.

Bessas, governor of Rome, 99, 100.
Biorn, jarl, ravages Neustria, 425.
Blue and Green factions, 50; in the

'Nika' sedition, 71-73; armed by
Maurice, 154; by Phocas, 157.
Bodolin slays Childerich 1., 258.
Boethius, his imprisonment and death,
30.

Bohemia conquered by Charles the
Great, 361; revolts, 434.
Boniface, St. (Winifrith), mission-

ary to Germany, 291; archbishop
of Transrhenane Germany, 297;
reforms the Church, 324; anoints
Pippin, 326; martyrdom of, 329.
Bonus, patrician, defends Constanti-
nople, 210.

Bordeaux taken by Danes, 421.
Boso, king of Arles, 437.

Bretons, independence of, 5, 59; re-
bellions of, 359, 366, 421, 432, 502.
Breviarium Alarici, Gothic law
book, 132.

Brunhildis marries Sigibert I., 133;
stirs up wars, 163; imprisoned by
Chilperich, 164; marries Merovech,
165; her regency, 165-8; her second
regency, 172; third regency, 174;
murdered, 174; character, 175.
Buccelin, defeated by Narses, 106,

119.

Buccellarii, 131, 242.

Bulgarians, ravage Moesia, 49; settle
there, 248; defeated by Justinian
II., 249; wars of with Constantine
Copronymus, 316; with Constan-
tine VI., 319; with Nicephorus I.,
480; defeated by Leo V., 482.
Burgundy, kingdom of, 5; attacked
by Franks, 26; subdued by Franks,
115.

Lower, kingdom of, founded by
Boso, 437.

- Upper (or Transjurane), kingdom
of, founded by Rudolf, 445.

CARDAM, king of Bulgaria, 319

Carloman, son of Charles Martel
Mayor of Austrasia, 298; his cam-
paigns, 323; abdicates, 324; op-
poses war with Lombards, 328.

son of Pippin the Short, crowned
at Soissons, 355; quarrels with
Charles, 337; death, 338.

king of Bavaria, 427; rebels
against Lewis the German, 427;
invades Italy, 433, 461; illness and
death, 437-8.

son of Charles the Bald, con-
spires against his father, 429.

king of France, 426; buys peace
from the Danes, 441; killed hunt-
ing, 441,

Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 78;
by Saracens, 232, 251.
Casilinum, battle of, 106, 119.
Castille, county of, 509.
Charibert I., king of Paris, 160.

II. king of Aquitaine, 178.

Charles Martel, 264; leader of
Austrasians, 265; defeats Neu-
strians, 266, 267; his rule as
mayor, 267-269; wars with Saxons
and Frisians, 289-290; subdues
Aquitaine, 292; defeats Saracens
at Poictiers, 293-294; conquers
Provence and Septimania, 296.

the Great, crowned at Noyon,
335; subdues Aquitaine, 337;
character of, 338-43; conquers
Lombards, 347-8; expeditions
against Saxons, 346-351, 353-355,
366; invades Spain, 352; conquers
the Slavs, 362; the Avars, 362-363;
wars with East Romans, 363; with
Saracens, 365; the Danes, 368;
his introduction of the theory of
the empire, 369; coronation as
emperor, 373; administration,
375-9; encouragement of art and
learning, 379; death, 382.

son of Charles the Great, king of
Neustria, 359; conquers Bohemia,
361; dies, 377:

the Bald, king of Suabia, 400;
imprisoned by his brothers, 397;
king of Neustria, 402; wars with
Lothair, 407; subdues Aquitaine,
421; vexed by Vikings, 419-422;
attacked by Lewis the German,
422, 426; issues edict of Pistres,
429; buys peace from the Dane
420-434; invades Provence,

em-

invades Austrasia, 432-434;
peror, 433; death, 435.
Charles, king of Provence, 426;
death, 430.

king of Aquitaine, 429.

the Fat, king of Suabia, 427;
invades Italy, 433; emperor, 438;
buys peace from the Danes, 440;
fails to relieve Paris, 442; dethroned
443; death, 443.

the Simple, 441; rebels against
Odo, king of France, 499; cedes
Normandy to Hrolf, 501; civil wars
of, 504-505; murdered, 505.
Childebert I., king of Paris, III;
conquers Burgundy, 114; wars
with Visigoths, 115; death, 121.

II., king of Austrasia, 164;
wars with Lombards, 170-192;
with Neustrians, 171; death, 171.

III., king of the Franks, 264.
son of Grimoald, usurper, 256.
Childerich I., king of Austrasia,
257-259.

II., last king of the Franks,
268, 323; dethroned, 325.
Chilperich I., king of Soissons, 160;
murders his wife, 161; wars with
Sigibert, 163; atrocities of, 168;
death, 169.

II., king of Neustria, 266; in-
vades Austrasia, 266; defeated by
Charles Martel, 266-7; death, 268.
Chindaswinth, king of Visigoths,

225; his strong administration, 226.
Chinthila, king of Visigoths, 225.
Chlodomer, king of Orleans, III;
slain by Burgundians, 114.
Chlodovald (St. Cloud), 114.
Chlodovech I. (Chlodwig), king of
the Franks, 25, 26, 58; conquers
Northern Gaul, 59; marries Chro-
tehildis, 59; subdues Alamanni,
60; his conversion, 61; wars with
Burgundians, 62; conquers Aqui-
taine, 63; king of all the Franks,
64.

II., king of Neustria, 179, 256,
257, 264.
Chlothar I., king of Soissons, III,
112; murders his nephews, 114;
conquers Burgundy, 115;
with Visigoths, 119; defeated by
Saxons, 120; sole king of the
Franks, 121; death, 122,

wars

ar II., king of Neustria, 169;

wars with Austrasians, 174; mur-
ders Brunhildis, 174; decline in
power of, 178.

Chlothar III., king of Neustria, 257,
258.

IV., king of Austrasia, 267.
Chosroes I., king of Persia, 69;
makes peace with Justinian, 69;
receives embassy from Witiges, 86;
war with Justinian, 92-96; with
Justin II., 147.

II., placed on throne by Maurice,
151; war with Phocas, 155; with
Heraclius, 205-211; death, 212.
Chramn, son of Chlothar I., 120;
burnt alive, 121.
Christophorus, rebellion of, 317.
Chrotehildis (Clotilde) wife of Chlo-
dovech, 59, 60.

Clair-sur-Epte, treaty of, 502.
Claudius, general of Reccared, 142.
Clement, bishop, opposes Boniface,
324.

Clepho, king of the Lombards, 186
Code of Justinian, 109; abridged by
Leo the Isaurian, 307; by Basil I.
492.

Colchis won by Justinian, 108.
Conrad of Franconia, king of Ger-
many, 475; his troubled reign,
476; defeated by Saxons, 476;
death, 477.
Constans II. See Constantinus.
Constantine IV. or v., Pogonatus, em-
peror, 246; saves Constantinople
from Saracens, 247; war with Bul-
garians, 248.

V. or VI., Copronymus, 312;
his iconoclastic zeal, 314-315; wars
with Saracens, 315; with Bulgar-
ians, 316; death, 317.

VI. or VII., 318; his minority,
318; seizes power, 319; dethroned
by Irene, 320.

VII. or VIII. Porphyrogenitus,
494.
Constantinople, position and import-
ance of, 35; siege of by Avars
and Persians, 210, 211; first siege
by Saracens, 247; Council of, 248,
278; second siege by Saracens,
301-303; Council of, 314; Synod
of, anathematises the pope, 454.
Constantinus (Constans II.), emperor,
237; wars with Saracens, 238-9;
with Slavs, 240; his 'Type,' 241;

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