attacks Lombards, 244, 274; quarrel with Pope Hadrian, 276; African war, 245; murdered, 246. Coronate, battle of, 275.
Cosmas, rebels against Leo III., 311. Crete conquered by Saracens, 484. Crumn, Bulgarian king, his victories, 480-482.
Ctesiphon taken by Saracens, 219. Cunibert, king of Lombards, 275; crushes rebellion of Alahis, 275. Cunimund, king of Gepidae, 183. Cyprus, invaded by Saracens, 237; recovered by Basil I., 493. Cyzicus, held by Saracens, 247.
DAGOBERT I., 178; his wars, 179; aids Sisinand, 223.
II., sent to Ireland, 259; re- stored and crowned, 259; slain, 259.
Damascus, taken by Persians, 205;
by the Saracens, 217. Danelagh, the, 431. Danes. See Vikings. Dannewerk, the, 367.
Daras built by Anastasius, 49; battle of, 69; besieged by Chosroes, 93; taken by Persians, 147. Dastagerd, sacked by Heraclius, 211. Decretals, the False, 454-456. Desiderata, wife of Charles the Great, 338. Desiderius, Lombard king, 331; allied to Charles the Great, 338; quarrels with the Papacy, 346; de- throned by Charles, 348.
Digest of Justinian, 103. Dizabul, khan of the Turks, 147. Droisy, battle of, 171.
Ducatus Romanus, the, 189, 191, 287.
EASTPHALIANS, the, resist Charles
the Great, 349, 351, 354, 356. Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims, 386; conspires against Lewis the Pious, 394; banished, 399. Eberhard, feuds of, 473. Ebermund, surrenders to Belisarius, 82.
Ebroin, Mayor in Neustria, 257; im- prisoned, 258; tyranny of, 259; murdered, 260.
Ecloga of Leo the Isaurian, 304.
Edessa taken by Persians, 95. Edictum Rotharis, Lombard code, 197.
Egica, Visigothic king, 231, 232. Egypt, conquered by Persians, 206; by Saracens, 220; revolts from Caliphs, 234.
Einhard, chronicler, 268, 339. El-Mamun, caliph, wars of, with em- pire, 486; takes Tyana, 487. El-Motassem, caliph, wars of, with empire, 487; takes Amorium, 487. El-Samah, Saracen leader, 271. Elsloo, treaty of, 440.
Empire, the Holy Roman, theory of, 376.
Engeltrud, empress, 354, 366; de- fends Rome, 464.
England, Vikings in, 418, 431. Engrians, the, 349, 351.
Erchinoald, Mayor in Neustria, 180. Eraric, Ostrogothic king, 97. Erwig, Visigothic king, 231, 232. Eudo, duke of Aquitaine, defeated by Charles Martel, 267; his wars with Saracens, 271, 292-293. Eudocia, daughter of Valentinian III., married to Hunneric, 10. Euphemius, rebellion of, 448. Euric, king of Visigoths, 5, 58. Eutharic marries Amalaswintha, 29. Eutychius, exarch, loses and recovers Ravenna, 282-3; besieges Rome, 283.
Exarchate of Ravenna, 190; con- quered by Lombards, 282, 327; given to Papacy by Pippin, 331. Exhilaratus, duke of Naples, 281.
Galswintha married to Chilperich, 134; murdered, 162.
Geilamir dethrones Hilderic, 75; defeated by Belisarius, 77, 78; surrenders, 79.
Genoa sacked by Franks, 117. George of Pisidia, poems of, 307. Gepidae defeated by Theodoric, 16; exterminated by Avars and Lom- bards, 146-183.
Gerberga, wife of Carloman, 339, 345. Germanus, patriarch, deposed by Leo III., 311.
nephew of Justinian, 102. Gesalic, rebels against Amalric, 26, 63.
Givald's Dyke, siege of, 421. Godebert, king of Lombards, 273. Godfred, Danish king, 367; invades Frisia, 416.
Viking leader, ravages Neustria, 422; ravages Austrasia, 439; makes peace with Charles the Fat, 440; murdered, 442. Godfrid, duke of Suabia, 262. Gondomar, king of Burgundy, 114, 115.
Gozelin, bishop, defends Paris, 440. Gregory I., pope, 198; character,
200; policy and activity of, 201- 202; treaty with Agilulf, 195, 202; regard for Phocas, 157; for Brun- hildis, 202,
II., pope, refuses to acknowledge Philippicus, 279; quarrels with Leo the Isaurian, his letters to Leo, 282; holds synod against Iconoclasm, 284; consecrates Boniface, 291.
pope, his disputes with Leo
the Isaurian, 284; with Luitprand, 285; asks aid of the Franks, 286. Gregory IV., pope, aids rebellion against Lewis the Pious, 396-397.
exarch of Africa, rebels, 238. Grifo, son of Charles Martel, 298; rebels, 322; claims Bavaria, 325. Grimoald, Mayor in Austrasia, 179; his usurpation and death, 256-257,
duke of Benevento, murders king Godebert, 273; his wars with East Romans, 244, 273-274; his government, 274.
son of Pippin II., 262-264.
II., duke of Benevento, resists Charles the Great, 349. Guadalete, battle of, 234. Gundimar, Visigothic king, 222. Gundobad, king of Burgundy, 5, 25, 26; his war with Chlodovech, 62, Gundovald, rebellion of, 170, 379. Gunthamund, Vandal king, II. Guntram, king of Burgundy, aids
Childebert II., 168; his wars with Visigoths, 140, 142, 170; with Lombards, 191, 192.
HADRIAN I., pope, invited to Council of Nicaea, 318; quarrels with Lom- bards, 345.
Hadrian II., pope, humbles Lothair II., 428; his friendship with Lewis II., 453, 458.
Harald, king of the Danes, 393. Haroun-al-Raschid, caliph, invades
Asia Minor, 319-320; sends em- bassy to Charles the Great, 359; his war with Nicephorus I., 479-480. Hatto, bishop of Mainz, minister of Lewis the Child, 473-476.
Helisachar, chancellor of Lewis the Pious, 385,
Helmichis conspires against Alboin, 85.
Hemming, Danish king, 368. Henoticon, of Zeno, 46. Henry, count, slays Godfred, 442; slain in battle, 442.
the Fowler, duke of Saxony, rebellion of, 476; made king, 477. Heracleonas, emperor, 234; deposed, 235.
Heraclius leads fleet against Phocas, 156; emperor, 203; disasters of, 204; victories over Persians, 208-
211; defeated by Saracens, 217; death, 220. Heraclius Constantinus, commands against Saracens, 220; his short reign, 235..
exarch of Africa, defeats Per- sians, 150; rebels against Phocas, 156. Heribert, count of Vermandois, 503-5; rebels against Charles the Simple, Hermanfrid, Thuringian king, 114. Hermenegild rebels against his father, 138; death, 140. Hermengarde, wife of Lewis the Pious, 386; death, 390.
daughter of Lewis II., 459; marries Boso, king of Arles, 437. Hessi, Eastphalian duke, 351. Hijrah, the, 214.
Hildebrand, Lombard king, 327. Hildegarde, queen of Charles the Great, 338.
Hilderic, Vandal king, 28; dethroned by Geilamir, 75; murdered, 77.
count, rebels against Wamba,
229. Hildibad, Gothic king, wins battle of
Treviso, 96; dies, 97.
Hildwin, chancellor of Lewis the Pious, 386; conspires agai... him, 394.
Hincmar, archbishor of Rheims, 456.
Hisham, caliph, invades Anatolic themes, 311.
king of Cordova, 365. Hormisdas, Persian king, 149; de- posed, 151.
Hrolf, becomes duke of Normandy,
501; aids Charles the Simple, 594. Hruotland (Roland), death of, 353. Hukbert, duke of Bavaria, 290. Hunold, duke of Aquitaine, 296; rebels against Pippin and Carlo- man, 323; against Charles the Great, 337.
Hunneric, king of the Vandals, 10, 11. Hungarians. See Magyars.
Huns, Cotrigur, threaten Constanti- nople, 108.
Hunwulf, brother of Odoacer, 14. Hygelac, Danish king, 113, 415. Hypatius, nephew of Anastasius, 51,
52; proclaimed emperor in the Nika' sedition, 71-73.
ICONOCLASM, origin of, 308-309; edict of Leo the Isaurian, 281; troubles resulting from, 310-312; condemned by Council of Rome, 284; affirmed by Council of Constantinople, 314; condemned by Council of Nicaea, 318; restored by Leo V., 483; put down by Theodora, 489.
Iconoduly, extravagancies of, 308; restored by Irene, 318; by Theo- dora,
Illus, minister of Zeno, 38, 43; his rebellion, 44.
Image-worship. See Iconoclasm. Ingo murders Oskytel, 498. Ingunthis, wife of Hermenegild, 137. Institutes of Justinian, 110. Ireland, Vikings in, 417-418. Irene, empress, regency of, 318; conspires against her son, 319; blinds him, 319; dethroned by Nicephorus, 320.
Irminsul, Saxon sanctuary, cast down by Charles the Great, 346. Isaurians favoured by Leo I., 36; and Zeno, 38; rebel under Longinus, 48. Islam, religion of, 312-315. Isperich, Bulgarian king, 248. Italy, Goths in, 19-24; reconquered by Justinian, 80-104; Lombard, vasion of, 181; its divisions, 187- 189; Mo 450-66. See under Lombards aud Papa
JEBEL-TARIK (Gibraltar), 234 Jerusalem taken by Persians, 205; by Saracens, 219.
Jesse of Amiens conspires against Lewis the Pious, 394; death, 399. Jews persecuted by Phocas, 156; persecuted by Visigoths, 143, 223, 232.
John I., pope, sent by Theodoric to Constantinople, 31.
VI., pope, his secular activity, 278; receives estates from Ari- bert II., 280.
VIII., crowns Charles the Bald, 433; crowns Charles the Fat, 438, 462.
the Patrician, defends Syracuse,
of Cappadocia, minister of Jus- tinian, 71; disgraced, 90.
the Bloody, officer of Beli- sarius, 85.
Judith, wife of Lewis the Pious, 391;
twice forced into a convent, 395-7. Julian, bishop of Toledo, 228, 231. Julius Nepos, his kingdom, 6; murdered, 13.
Justin 1., emperor, 53; persecutes the Arians, 30; death, 54.
II., emperor, 145; Avaric wars of, 146; Persian wars of, 147; his lunacy, 148.
Justinian 1., nephew and colleague of Justin, 53; emperor, 65; charac- ter of, 65; marries Theodora, 65; foreign policy of 68; first Persian war, 69; 'Nika' sedition, 71; subdues the Vandals, 76-9; Gothic wars of, 81-88; his buildings, 89- 90; financial oppression, 90; second Persian war, 93; theological views of, 107; legal work of, 109-10.
II., emperor, 249; wars of, 249-250; dispute with pope Sergius, 278; dethroned and banished, 251; escapes, 252; regains throne, 253; his tyranny and death, 253.
KARLINGS, table of the, 413. Kassim-ibn-Yussuf summons Charles the Great to Spain, 352. Khaled, Saracen chief, 217, 218. Khazars invade Persia, 210; receive Justinian II., 202;
Killian, missionary to Thuringia, 263.
Kobad, king of Persia, wars of with Anastasius. 48; with Justinian, 68. Koran, the, 215.
LAFAUX, battle of, 172, 260. Lambert of Spoleto, king of Italy, 464; war with Arnulf, 461-465; death, 465.
Lantfrid, duke of Suabia, 290. Lauresheim, chronicle of, 373. Leander, bishop of Seville, 138. Leo I., emperor, 36.
III., the Isaurian, emperor, 255; defends Constantinople, 301, 303; his edict against images, 281; 310; quarrels with Gregory II. and III., 282, 284; victories over Sara- cens, 311.
IV., the Chazar, his reign and wars, 317.
v., the Armenian, his usurpa- tion 482; his Bulgarian war, 482;
represses image-worship, 483; murdered, 484.
Leo VI., the Wise, character and reign of, 494; his literary works, 494.
III., pope, delivered by Charles the Great, 372; crowns Charles emperor, 373; death, 387.
IV., pope, his victory over the Saracens, 451.
Leodegar (St. Leger), his rebellion, 258; rules Neustria, 259; murdered by Ebroin, 259.
Leon, the kingdom of, 509. Leontius, emperor, 251, 253. Leova I., Visigothic king, 134.
II., Visigothic king, 143, 221. Leovigild, Visigothic king, 132, 135; his wars, 136-139; death 140. Lewis the Pious (or Débonnair) son of Charles the Great, king of Aqui- taine, 359; conquers Barcelona, 364; emperor, 383; legislation of, 385-387; peril, 388; makes Partition of Aachen, 389; second marriage of, 391; twice deposed by rebel- lious sons, 393, 399; his last war, 401; death, 403.
the German, king of Bavaria, 38, bels against his father, 396, 401; wa with Lothair I., 407-408; with Charles the Bald, 422; con- quers and loses Neustria, 426; rebellions of his sons, 427; his influence in Germany, 433; death, 434,
II., emperor, 423; wars with his brother Lothair, 425; his dealings with the Papacy, 451-452; cam- paigns against the Moors, 457; im- prisoned at Benevento, 457; further victories over the Moors, 458; death, 459.
the Saxon, rebels against his father, 427; defeats Charles the Bald, 434; attacks Neustria, 436; his wars with the Danes, 438 ; death, 439.
II. (the Stammerer), king of France, short reign of, 436.
III., king of France, 436; his wars with the Danes, 438; victory of Saucourt, 439; death, 439.
the Child, king of Germany, 472; his reign, 472-474.
king of Arles, 445; invades
Italy, 466; blinded by Berengar, 466.
Liberius invades Spain, 133, Lithosoria, battle of, 316. Logothetes, oppression by the, 90, 96. Lombards, origin of the, 182; con- quer Northern Italy, 184-188; con- verted to Christianity, 193; table of Lombard kings, 183; dealings of, with the Papacy, 272-288; con- quered by Charles the Great, 344- 348.
Lothair I., son of Lewis the Pious, 389; his rebellions against his father, 394-396; reconciled with Lewis, 402; emperor, 406; wars with his brother, 407; defeated at Fontenay, 408; troubles with the Vikings, 419; allied with Charles the Bald, 421; abdicates, 422.
II., quarrels with his brothers, 425; wars with the Vikings, 428; allied to Charles the Bald, 425; matrimonial troubles of, 428;
Lotharingia, name of, 428.
Louvain, battle of, 469.
Lügenfeld, the, 397.
Luitbert, Lombard king, 279-280. Luitpold, duke of Bavaria, slain by Magyars, 474.
Luitprand, Lombard king, 281; con- quers the Exarchate, 282; arbi- trates between pope and exarch, 284; aids Charles Martel against Saracens, 285; quarrels with Gregory III., 285; death, 287. Lüneberg Heath, battle of, 438. Lupus, Gascon duke, 337. Lycandus, theme of, 494.
MAGYARS, appearance of the, 471; ravage Italy, 465; their attacks on Germany, 471; slay Luitpold of Bavaria, 474; further ravages of, 476. Mallus, Frankish court, 175, 378. Mantua, taken by Lombards, 194. Manuel, takes Alexandria, 237. March of Spain won by Charles the
Great, 365; development of, 508. Marchfield, assembly of Franks, 269. Martin I., pope, disputes with Con- stans II., 244, 376; banished, 277. Martina, wife of Heraclius, 218; her intrigues, 235; banished, 236, Maurice, victories of, 149; emperor,
150; Persian war, 150-151; Avaric war, 151-152; Slavonic war, 153; dethroned and murdered, 154, Mayors of the Palace, their office,
123; rising power of, 176; table of, 260; supersede kings, 259. Mehdy, caliph, invades empire, 317. Merovech marries Brunhildis, 165; murdered by Fredegundis, 166. Merovings, their government, 121- 127; table of the, 166; end of the dynasty, 326.
Mersen, partition-treaty of, 432. Mesopotamia attacked by Persians, 92; conquered by Persians, 155; by Saracens, 220; ravaged by East Romans, 493.
Mezecius, usurper in Sicily, 246. Michael I., Rhangabe, emperor, 364; 481; restores image-worship, 481; deposed, 482.
the Amorian, conspires against Leo V., emperor, 484; civil wars of, 484; loss of Crete and Sicily, 485; ecclesiastical policy of, 485.
III., the Drunkard, long minority of, 489; depravity of, 490; wars of, 491; murdered by Basil the Mace- donian, 492.
Missi Dominici, travelling commis- sioners of Charles the Great, 378, Missionaries in Germany, 263, 291- 330,
Mofareg-ibn-Salem, Moorish king in Italy, 452; conquered by Lewis II., 457. Mohammed, his character, 213; career of, 214-215.
Mohammedanism, its good and evil points, 214-215.
Monophysite heresy, the, 38, 45, 50. Monothelite heresy, 241, 276; con- demned by Council of Constanti- nople, 248, 278.
Monza, Basilica of, 193; relics in, 226. Moors rebel against Hunneric, II;
against Hilderic, 75; conquered by Saracens, 233; invade Spain, 234; their rule in Spain, 234, 506- 510; invade Italy, 450; defeated by Lewis II., 457-458; expelled by Berengar, 466,
Moslemah besieges Constantinople, 255, 301.
Moslems. See Saracens,
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