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within all the principal coal producing and coal consuming countries in the world; together with their periodical rates of increase down to the present time; derived from every official return accessible to us.

GREAT BRITAIN-Increased General Production.-Owing to the absence of official records, applying to the general production of the collieries throughout the United Kingdom, we are constrained to leave this as a matter of inference, from the results which we have to adduce. We know, however, that its rate of increase has been rapid, especially in all the manufacturing districts; probably even much more so than that of exportation.

Increased Shipments for Home and Foreign Consumption, from the Ports of Production. From 4,365,000 tons in 1819, to 11,254,750 tons in 1845; being at the rate of 158 per cent. in twenty-six years. This quantity is supposed to be about one-third of the entire production of the United King'dom. The declared value advanced from £145,943 in 1828, to £970,462 in 1845; or 569 per cent. in seventeen years.

Increased Exportation of Coal.-To the colonies and British possessions, from 71,000 tons in 1819, to 375,302 tons in 1845; or 428 per cent. in 26 years; to France, from 39,180 tons in 1825, to 647,967 tons in 1845, = 1561 per cent. in 20 years; do. from 24,800 tons in 1820, to 647,967 tons in 1845, = 2512 per cent. in 25 years; to Russia, 1450 per cent. in 25 years; do. 375 per cent. in 15 years; Denmark, 1800 per cent. in 15 years; Prussia, 1214 per cent. in 15 years; United States, 287 per cent. in 15 years; do. British and Colonial, 184 per cent. in 15 years; East Indies and Ceylon, 2025 per cent. in 15 years; British West Indies, 126 per cent. in 15 years; Germany, 417 per cent. in 14 years; Italy, 323 per cent. in 9 years. Increased number of British vessels laden with coal for foreign ports, in the six years from 1840 to 1846 inclusive, 142 per cent.

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Increased Shipments from the Collieries of the North of England-viz. from the ports of Newcastle, Sunderland, and Stockton on Tees, for foreign and home consumption collectively.-From 820,620 tons in 1710, to 6,123,282 tons in 1842, = 646 per cent. in 132 years; from 2,985,560 tons in 1810, to 6,123,282 tons in 1842, 151 per cent. in 32 years; from 3,160,956 tons in 1832, to 6,123,282 tons in 1842, 93 per cent. in 10 years. For home consumption, 50 per cent. in 18 years, ending 1842. For Foreign Consumption only.—From 157,014 tons in 1820, to 1,784,988 tons in 1845, = 1036 per cent. in 25 years. In 1773, there were only 13 collieries in the Newcastle district, which number increased, in 1828, to 59, with an annual productive power of 8,123,922 tons. In 1844, this productive power was estimated at 13,000,000 tons, and the number of collieries had increased to 124, and of pits, to 192; besides 6 other collieries in other parts of the same field, and 300,000 tons which were superseded by the inland coal. The shipments of coal to foreign parts, from this district, has increased from 50,805 tons in 1810, to 1,784,988 tons in 1845; being at the rate of 3468 per cent. in 35 years.

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Increased Importation of Coal into the port of London by Sea and Land. -From 1,667,301 tons in 1822, to 3,461,199 tons in 1845, 108 per cent. in 23 years; from 300,000 tons in 1699, to 3,461,199 in 1845, 1057 per cent. in 146 years; from 2,079,275 tons in 1830, to 3,461,199 tons in 1845, = 66 per cent. in 15 years.

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Increased Foreign Shipments of Coal from Hull.-7,463 tons in 1833, to 42,789 tons in 1845, =477 per cent. in 12 years. From Liverpool, 50,561 tons in 1833, to 123,456 tons in 1845, =146 per cent. in 12 years.

SCOTLAND-Has a greatly increased production of coal, but for the same reason as in the case of England, we possess no precise returns of the aggregate. This enlarged production is, in great measure, applied to the purposes of home consumption, especially to the various departments of iron making, which has advanced with surprising rapidity since the discovery of the Black Band ore.

Exportation to Foreign parts increased from 31,940 tons, in 1828, to 229,513 tons, in 1845; equivalent to 617 per cent. in seventeen years. But the recent excess of production is mainly reserved for home use.

SOUTH WALES.-We have no returns in relation to the advanced production. Judging from the increased number and power of the Welsh iron works, the home consumption of coal must be greatly augmented. It has been asserted, in 1844, that one third of the iron consumed in the known world, is produced in the mineral basin of South Wales, and upwards of five million tons of coal are annually consumed in its manufacture, and for other purposes, within the coal-field.

Foreign Exports.-The exports of South Wales, in 1833, amounted to 24,981 tons. In 1845, four only of the principal ports exported 237,577 tons. The entire increase, probably, does not fall short of 1000 per cent. in twelve years.

Shipments to London-Increased from 34,000 tons, in 1828, to 81,725 tons, in 1843, or 172 per cent. in fifteen years.

Increased General Shipments for Home and Foreign consumption.-From 904,896 tons, in 1828, to 1,700,000 tons, in 1841, 88 per cent. in thirteen years.

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The shipments, therefore, do not keep pace with the home consumption required for the iron works, &c.

FRANCE.-Increased Indigenous Production of Coal, Anthracite and Lignite, in 29 years.-From 869,410 tons, in 1815, to 3,639,446 tons, in 1843, the ratio is 203 per cent.

Table of the relative Increased Production of Mineral Combustibles in France; representing the production in 1787 as 1.00.

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Increased value of Indigenous Production in France, in 28 and 31 years.

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Engl. Sterling, 272,097 1,352,472

In 1845. 39,705,432

7,663,000

1,603,106

Increased ratio of value in 28 years = 397 per cent.: in 31 years, 489 per cent.

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Increased Importation of Mineral Fuel into France, since 1820.

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And an increase on the total importation, since 1802, of 1756 per cent. in

43 years.

Ratio of increased Consumptian of Mineral Combustibles in France-Distinguishing the indigenous fuel from the indigenous and imported combined, in the periods of thirty and fifty-eight years, prior to 1846.

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BELGIUM. Increased number of Coal-pits in operation or in construction. -From 314 pits or points of extraction, in 1830, to 660 in 1840.

Number of Miners increased from 29,253 in 1830, to 38,490 in 1844. Production. Within about thirty years there have been one or two periods of ebb and flow. Thus, from 1802 with 2,635,000 tons, to 1832, it was reduced to 2,249,000 tons, or 17 per cent. decrease in thirty years; and from 2,249,000 tons in 1832, increased to 4,960,077 in 1845, or 120 per cent. gain in thirteen years.

The increased value in the same interval being from 16,957,500 francs in 1832, to 55,400,000 francs in 1840, or 226 per cent. in eight years. 1830 to 1845, 537,100 tons. Liege, Hainault, Namur, "6

Increased annual production in the Belgian Provinces,

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1,757,346 111,873 "6

Total increase from 2,553,000 tons in 1830, to 4,960,000 tons in 1845, or 94 per cent. in fifteen years.

Increased Importation from Great Britain.-From 770 tons in 1831, to 36,440 in 1841, and about 20,000 tons in 1847. The import trade, being of subordinate importance, was reduced to only 11,071 tons from England, and about the same quantity from France, in the year prior to 1847.

The manufacture of iron has advanced so rapidly that there were more tons produced from the furnaces of a single province, Hainault, in 1846, than in the entire kingdom of Belgium, only five years before.

Increased Exportation of Bituminous Coal from Belgium, chiefly to France.-Advance from 621,560 tons in 1830, to 1,356,973 in 1846,: per cent. in sixteen years. Upwards of 1,700,000 tons in 1847.

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In the fifty-eight years from 1787 to 1845, the exportation of coal from Belgium into France increased twenty-seven fold; or 2708 per cent. That to the Low Countries, in the seven years between 1835 and 1842, advanced nineteen fold. To other countries no advance.

Increased annual Consumption of Coal in Belgium.-Advance from 2,162,000 tons in 1830, to 2,670,000 in 1840. The domestic consumption in 1847 was probably upwards of 4,000,000 tons.

HOLLAND. The quantity of coal received from England has increased sixty-seven per cent. in the ten years between 1831 and 1841, since which it has diminishsd forty-eight per cent. in 1845.

That from Belgium has augmented 1940 per cent. in the seven years from 1835 to 1842. There is a large increase from the Prussian provinces. KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA.-Increased Importation of Bituminous Coal.-Advance, 154 per cent. in twenty-six years; from 1832 to 1844, 112 per cent. in twelve years.

Increased Importation of Coal from England.-From 15,956 tons in 1831, to 184,487 tons in 1845, about ten fold, or 1050 per cent., in fourteen years.

RHENISH PROVINCES OF PRUSSIA.-Exportation to France.-From 27,500 tons in 1820, to 237,200 in 1845; 777 per cent. increase in 25 years.

In the fifty-eight years from 1787 to 1845, the exportation into France advanced twenty-three fold, or 2322 per cent. increase.

Increased production of bituminous Coal in the provinces of the Lower Rhone.-Saarbrück.-From 233,000 English tons in 1817, to 700,000 tons in 1844, = 200 per cent. in twenty-seven years.

WESTPHALIA. Increased production of Coal.-From 370,268 English tons in 1819, to 1,200,000 tons in 1844, =224 per cent.

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PRUSSIAN SILESIA.—Increased production of bituminous Coal.-From 285,000 English tons in 1817, to 850,000 tons in 1844, 200 per cent. in twenty-seven years.

PRUSSIAN SAXONY-Has doubled her production in twenty-one years. HANSE TOWNS.—Increased Importation of Coal from Great Britain.— From 26,500 tons in 1789, to 227,539 tons in 1845, 759 per cent. in fifty-six years. See Zollverein.

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DENMARK.-Increased Importation from Great Britain.-From 61,392 tons in 1823, to 168,153 tons in 1845, 170 per cent. in seventeen years. NORWAY.-Increased Importation of bituminous Coal from England.— From 3771 tons in 1831, to 15,894 tons in 1841.

SWEDEN. From Great Britain.-Increase from 6150 tons in 1831, to 26,941 tons in 1841.

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RUSSIA. Increased Importation of bituminous Coal from England.— From 42,061 tons in 1835, to 150,422 tons in 1845,= 257 per cent.

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=1150 do. in 25 years. =7400 do. in 28 years.

HUNGARY.-Increased production of bituminous Coal.-From 1823 (average of ten years) 14,500 tons, to 33,076 tons in 1845; 207 per cent. in twenty-three years.

BOHEMIA.-Increased consumption of Coal in Prague in ten years.-From 10,000 French tonnes in 1830, to 24,000 in 1839.

Production.-Advanced from 122,000 tons in 1832, to 340,000 tons in 1845, = 170 per cent. in thirteen years.

AUSTRIA. Increased production of coal in the empire, from 1838 to 1846, 216 per cent.

Increased consumption of Coal in Vienna in ten years.-From 3000 French tonnes in 1830, to 10,000 in 1839.

Upper and Lower Austria increased production 47 per cent. in four years, from 1830 to 1834.

Increased production of combustibles in the Austrian Empire, from 209,000 tons in 1832, to 700,000 tons in 1846, 234 per cent. in 14 years.

GERMAN STATES.-Prussian or German Custom-house League-The Deutsche Zollverein.-Increased importation from Great Britain, from 44,033 tons in 1831, to 227,539 tons in 1845, being 417 per cent. in fourteen years.

General exportation from the Zollverein.-218,440 tons in 1834, to 349,150 tons in 1843, being 60 per cent. in nine years.

General movement of coals in the states of the German Association.from 282,760 tons in 1834, to 605,900 in 1843, = 111 per cent. of increase, in nine years.

SPAIN. Notwithstanding our inability to illustrate with precision the mining statistics of Spain, we must not overlook the fact that it seems destined to become one of the most valuable of the continental coal-producing countries. In superficial area, the Asturian coal-field is probably not exceeded by any other on the continent, and as regards the number and quality of its coal seams, it is no less distinguished, although it is one of the latest brought into operation.

Great expectations have been formed as to the national value of this district, and much enterprise has already been attracted to the development of its important mineral resources; especially those of bituminous coal and iron ore.

The coal business is comparatively in its infancy, but promises a rapid progress in future. Thus the amount shipped coastwise from the Port of Gijon, in 1842, was 14,100 tons, and in 1844 was 41,400 tons.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.-Imported Coal.-The only countries from which coal ever finds its way into the United States, are Great Britain and British America, and the contributions from thence appear to be annually diminishing. For a time there was an increasing foreign importation; viz: from 22,123 tons in 1821, to 181,551 tons in 1839. By the operation of the American tariff, this advance was not only checked, but a retrograde movement was produced, so as in 1843 to amount to only 41,163 tons, by the United States returns. By the last annual return, that for 1847, the entry of foreign coals, whether from Europe or from British America, was 148,021 tons; of which from 12,000 to 15,000 tons were re-exported, for the service of the English steam ships.

INCREASED PRODUCTION OF AMERICAN COAL AND ANTHRACITE. Bituminous Coal.-We have already indicated that we possess no authentic data for determining the progressive production of this description of fuel, in the United States. Such informal details as have reached us, will appear in the proper place; and we can only remark here that the rate of increase is evidently very rapid.

Anthracite. Of this important combustible we shall have much to say, and we possess abundant testimony upon which to found our calculations. The production of anthracite may be said to be entirely confined to the state of Pennsylvania, which possesses a numerous and interesting group of coal basins, of various sizes and characters.

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