[References are to sections] FEDERAL AND STATE JURISDICTION-Continued passing through another State, 125. carriage wholly within a State, 126. local carriage when through transportation contemplated, 127. an entirely independent course, 127. intervening possession of an independent sort, 127. subsequent movement out of the State, 128. 4. How long it continues. precedent and subsequent transportation, 129. ultimate destination not appearing, 128. nothing to connect the two shipments, 128. local carrier taking part, 132. technical through rate unnecessary, 132. continuity of interstate shipment, 133. no permitted device to break up, 133. transit from beginning to end interstate, 133. through export bill of lading, 134. local carrier participating in through carriage, 136. intrastate part of interstate movement, 137. line of the distinction, 138. cars on an interchange track, 138. essential character of the commerce, 138. [References are to sections] FOREIGN COMMERCE-Continued foreign carriers and discriminations, 114. due to competitive conditions, 117. import rates regulated by competition, 118. export rates regulated by competition, 119. export rate may reasonably be less, 119. foreign competition justifies necessary differences, 120. 2. Such proportionals must be scheduled. export and import rates scheduled, 117. must include other foreign countries, 116. not applicable to goods billed locally, 115. low inland proportional rate, 881. scheduling of export rates, 841. applied only to actual, 881. position of ocean carriers, 113. limitations upon export and import rates, 121. [References are to sections] GROUP RATES-Continued following out the zone policy, 602. all producers in the group, 770. when blanket rates are compared, 808. See DISCRIMINATION, LOCAL, RATE STRUCTURE. HISTORY OF COMMON-LAW REGULATION, 1. The early policy of regulation. public callings and private business, 1. the medieval theory of State control, 2. the regulation of business in the middle ages, 3. the position of the wharfinger, 6. 2. Persistence of State regulation. conservative and radical views of regulation, 21. 3. State control of public utilities. the public services of the present day, 22. the effect of natural monopoly, 23. [References are to sections] HISTORY OF COMMON-LAW REGULATION-Continued scarcity of advantageous sites, 25. limitation of available time, 26. the public services a necessity, 27. economic limitations create public employment, 28. 4. Modern regulation of public services. necessary regulation of virtual monopoly, 32. differentiation of the public service law, 35. the modern programme of State control, 37. HISTORY OF STATUTORY REGULATION, parliamentary regulation of rates, 8. the railway and canal traffic Act of 1854, 54. scope of its powers, 56. increase by later amendments, 57. influence of English legislation, 58. authority of English decisions, 59. 2. Legislation in the States. restriction of prices in the colonies, 9. the granger rate legislation, 60. railroad commissions of former times, 61. additions to their powers, 62. the modern public service commissions, 63. the spread of the movement, 64. extent of their supervision, 65. regulation of rates, 66. adequacy of service, 67. keeping of accounts, 68. issue of securities, 69. inherent limitations upon commission action, 103. HOLDING COMPANY, See CONSOLIDATION. I IMPORT RATES, See FOREIGN COMMERCE. problem of the industrial railways, 85. industrial lines controlled financially, 193. industrial railway may be true common carrier, 197. joint rates then permitted, 193. divisions, if too large, forbidden, 197. would virtually be a rebate, 85. exclusively that of a plant facility, 197. INTEREST, interest upon bonds protected, 310. rates at which governments can borrow, 311. current rate the standard, 316. return upon investments prevailing, 318. INTERSTATE CARRIERS, 1. Transportation services. See BONDS. provisions of the Act, 160. water lines, 163. passenger transportation, 164. street railways, 165. express companies, 166. dispatch lines, 169. 2. Other callings. sleeping car companies, 167. parlor car service, 168. pipe lines, 170. telegraph lines, 171. telephone systems, 172. government services, 173. wharfage, 175. terminals, 176. car ferries, 952. railway bridges, 952. |