Perhaps thy capital seat, from whence had spread All generations; and had hither come From all the ends of the earth to celebrate And reverence thee, their great progenitor.
But this pre-eminence thou hast lost, brought down To dwell on even ground now with thy sons: Yet doubt not but in valley and in plain, God is, as here; and will be found alike Present; and of his presence many a sign Still following thee, still compassing thee round With goodness and paternal love, his face Express, and of his steps the track divine. Which that thou mayst believe, and be confirm'd Ere thou from hence depart, know, I am sent " To show thee what shall come in future days To thee and to thy offspring good with bad Expect to hear, supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men; thereby to learn True patience, and to temper joy with fear And pious sorrow; equally inured By moderation either state to bear, Prosperous or adverse: so shalt thou lead Safest thy life, and best prepared endure Thy mortal passage when it comes.
This hill; let Eve (for I have drench'd her eyes) Here sleep below, while thou to foresight wakest; As once thou slep'st while she to life was form'd. To whom thus Adam gratefully replied:
Ascend; I follow thee, safe guide, the path
Thou lead'st me; and to the hand of Heaven submit, However chastening; to the evil turn
My obvious breast; arming to overcome
Estne Dei sedes nisi terra, et pontus, et aer,
Et cœlum, et virtus? Superos quid quærimus ultra? Jupiter est quodcunque vides, &c. NEWTON.
See Jeremiah xxiii. 24. "Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the Lord."-TODD.
The hemisphere of earth, in clearest ken, Stretch'd out to the amplest reach of prospect lay. Not higher that hill, nor wider looking round, Whereon, for different cause, the tempter set Our second Adam, in the wilderness;
To show him all earth's kingdoms, and their glory. His eye might there command wherever stood City of old or modern fame, the seat
Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls Of Cambalu P, seat of Cathaian Can, And Samarchand by Oxus, Temir's throne, To Paquin of Sinæan kings; and thence To Agra and Lahor of Great Mogul,
Down to the Golden Chersonese; or where The Persian in Ecbatan sat, or since In Hispahan; or where the Russian ksar In Mosco; or the sultan in Bizance, Turchestan-born: nor could his eye not ken The empire of Negus to his utmost port Ercoco, and the less maratim kings, Mombaza, and Quiloa, and Melind, And Sofala, thought Ophir, to the realm Of Congo, and Angola farthest south; Or thence from Niger flood to Atlas mount, The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez and Sus, Morocco, and Algiers, and Tremisen ;
On Europe thence, and where Rome was to sway The world in spirit perhaps he also saw
Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume,
And Cusco in Peru, the richer seat
Of Atabalipa; and yet unspoil'd
Guiana 9, whose great city Geryon's sons
Whereon the devil set our Saviour, the second man, the "last Adam," 1 Cor. xv. 45, 47; "to show him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them," Matt. iv. 8. The prospects are well compared together; and the first thought of the one might probably be taken from the other: and as the one makes part of the subject of 'Paradise Lost,' so doth the other of 'Paradise Regained.'-NEWTON.
Thus he surveys the four different parts of the world, but, it must be confessed, more with an ostentation of learning, than with any additional beauty to the poem. But Mr. Thyer is of opinion that such little sallies of the Muse agreeably enough diversify the scene; and observes, that Tasso, whose 'Godfrey' is no very imperfect model of a regular epic poem, has in his fifteenth canto employed thirty or forty stanzas together in a description of this sort, which had no necessary connexion with his general plan.-NEWTON. To me it appears that this long enumeration of sounding names fills the mind, though somewhat vaguely, with an infinity of stirring imagery.
I suppose Milton alluded to the many frustrated voyages which had been made in search of this golden country. If I remember right, this was the famous place that Sir Walter Raleigh was to have brought such treasures from.-THYER.
Call El Dorado. But to nobler sights r Michael from Adam's eyes the film removed, Which that false fruit that promised clearer sight Had bred; then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see; And from the well of life three drops instill'd. So deep the power of these ingredients pierced, Ev'n to the inmost seat of mental sight, That Adam, now enforced to close his eyes, Sunk down, and all his spirits became entranced; But him the gentle angel by the hand Soon raised, and his attention thus recall'd:
Adam, now ope thine eyes; and first behold The effects, which thy original crime hath wrought In some to spring from thee; who never touch'd The excepted tree; nor with the snake conspired; Nor sinn'd thy sin; yet from that sin derive Corruption, to bring forth more violent deeds. His eyes he open'd, and beheld a field, Part arable and tilth, whereon were sheaves New-reap'd; the other part sheep-walks and folds : In the midst an altar as the landmark stood Rustic, of grassy sord: thither anon A sweaty reapers from his tillage brought First-fruits, the green ear, and the yellow sheaf, Uncull'd, as came to hand; a shepherd next, More meek, came with the firstlings of his flock, Choicest and best; then, sacrificing, laid The inwards and their fat, with incense strow'd, On the cleft wood, and all due rites perform'd : His offering soon propitious fire from heaven Consumed with nimble glance and grateful stream; The other's not, for his was not sincere ; Whereat he inly raged, and, as they talk'd, Smote him into the midriff with a stone That beat out life: he fell; and, deadly pale, Groan'd out his soul with gushing blood effused. Much at that sight was Adam in his heart Dismay'd, and thus in haste to the angel cried: O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen
To that meek man, who well had sacrificed:
Is piety thus and pure devotion paid?
To whom Michael thus, he also moved, replied: These two are brethren, Adam, and to come
Nobler sights,-being not only of cities and kingdoms, but of the principal actions of men to the final consummation of all things.-NEWTON.
Out of thy loins; the unjust the just hath slain, For envy that his brother's offering found From Heaven acceptance; but the bloody fact Will be aveng'd; and the other's faith approved, Lose no reward; though here thou see him die, Rolling in dust and gore. To which our sire: Alas! both for the deed, and for the cause! But have I now seen death? Is this the way I must return to native dust? O sight
Of terrour, foul and ugly to behold, Horrid to think, how horrible to feel!
To whom thus Michael: Death thou hast seen In his first shape on man; but many shapes Of death, and many are the ways that lead To his grim cave, all dismal; yet to sense More terrible at the entrance, than within. Some, as thou saw'st by violent stroke shall die; By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more
In meats and drinks, which on the earth shall bring Diseases dire, of which a monstrous crew Before thee shall appear; that thou mayst know What misery the inabstinence of Eve Shall bring on men. Immediately a place Before his eyes appear'd, sad, noisome, dark; A lazar-house it seem'd; wherein were laid Numbers of all diseased; all maladies
Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms Of heart-sick agony, all feverous kinds, Convulsions, epilepsies, fierce catarrhs, Intestine stone and ulcer, colic pangs, Demoniac phrensy, moping melancholy, And moon-struck madness, pining atrophy, Marasmus, and wide wasting pestilence,
Dropsies, and asthmas, and joint-racking rheums. Dire was the tossing, deep the groans; Despair Tended the sick, busiest from couch to couch; And over them triumphant Death his dart
Shook, but delay'd to strike, though oft invoked With vows, as their chief good and final hope. Sight so deform what heart of rock could long Dry-eyed behold? Adam could not, but wept, Though not of woman born; compassion quell'd His best of man, and gave him up to tears
space, till firmer thoughts restrain'd excess; And, scarce recovering words, his plaint renew'd: O miserable mankind, to what fall Degraded, to what wretched state reserved! Better end here unborn. Why is life given To be thus wrested from us? rather, why
Obtruded on us thus ? who, if we knew What we receive, would either not accept Life offer'd, or soon beg to lay it down; Glad to be so dismiss'd in peace. The image of God in man, created once So goodly and erect, though faulty since, To such unsightly sufferings be debased Under inhuman pains? Why should not man, Retaining still divine similitude
In part, from such deformities be free, And, for his Maker's image sake, exempt?
Their Maker's image, answer'd Michael, then Forsook them, when themselves they vilified To serve ungovern'd appetite; and took His image whom they served, a brutish vice, Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. Therefore so abject is their punishment, Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own; Or if his likeness, by themselves defaced; While they pervert pure Nature's healthful rules To loathsome sickness; worthily, since they God's image did not reverence in themselves.
I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. But is there yet no other way, besides These painful passages, how we may come
To death, and mix with our connatural dust?
There is, said Michael, if thou well observe
The rule of Not too much by temperance taught,
In what thou eat'st and drink'st; seeking from thence
So mayst thou live; till, like ripe fruit, thou drop
Into thy mother's lap; or be with ease
Gather'd, not harshly pluck'd; for death mature :
This is old age t; but then, thou must outlive
Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty; which will change To wither'd, weak, and gray; thy senses then,
Obtuse, all taste of pleasure must forego,
To what thou hast; and, for the air of youth, Hopeful and cheerful, in thy blood will reign
The tender comparison here made between youth and age may receive its best illustration from another of the same nature in Shakespeare, which in all probability suggested that before us, from ver. 538 to 546 inclusive:
Thou hast nor youth nor age; But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep, Dreaming on both; for all thy blessed youth Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms
Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich, Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, or beauty, To make thy riches pleasant.-Meas. for Meas. act iii.
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