pose that the city of Houston subscribe to two hundred thousand dollars of the stock, and issue her bonds for the amount, payable in fifteen years, with interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum, payable semi-annually at the city of NewYork. That the city council provide in advance for the payment of the interest and the final redemption of the principal, thus:- Pledge twelve thousand doldars per annum of the wharfage revenue, (now exceeding that sum, and annually absorbed in the construction and repair of the city's turnpike, on the route of the proposed rail-road, and which will cease when this work is commenced,) to be set apart and remitted on 1st January and 1st July, to meet the interest; let it also provide that the dividends on the stock be annually invested as a sinking fund in good state or government stocks, and accumulate for the redemption of the principal, and further authorize the railroad company to negotiate the bonds and pledge them to the purchasers as an additional security for the redemption of the principal and interest as aforesaid. With such a basis, these bonds would be negotiable in New-York, or any other market where money is abundant." ac built, too, though not in as short a time as it otherwise would be, whether Congress gives a foot of land or not. In referring to the projected rail-road from Port Gibson to Grand Gulf, the Port Gibson Herald says: We are gratified to find that the full amount of stock will soon be subscribed, and we look with confidence to the completion of this work by the next crop. Many of the larger subscribers have not who can be relied upon. A deep interyet come forward, but they are of those est seems to be felt by all persons in our vicinity, and we find a growing spirit among those who have small means to invest-they are coming forward freely, and we hope soon to be able to announce that an amount fully sufficient to complete the work has been subscribed. The large amount of cotton coming into Port Gibson this year surprises many who were not familiar with the extent readers that our cotton buyers purchase of our business; and when we tell our cotton from a distance of seventy-five miles in the interior, it will afford them good basis for forming an estimate of the extent of country to be added to our business; and, certainly, may we rely upon a very considerable increase of trade from all directions and sections of the country. Our streets are crowded daily with teams, sheds full of cotton, terial aid," produce, dry goods, and everyand ample means in the shape of "mathing to supply all demands. It is proposed, in a few days, to organize a company by the election of direc The report of the Central Rail-road of Georgia furnishes the following statistics: The Ouachita Herald says that the tion of the Rail-road Convention, which assembled in this city on Monday last, as well as the action of the board of directors, was such as to inspire new confidence in the breast of every one with regard to the Mississippi, Ouachita, and Red River rail-road enterprise. The friends of the road have gone to work in earnest, with a fixed determination tors. never to cease their efforts until the road is built. They have now effected a thorough and permanent organization, by the election of competent and trustworthy officers. The board of directory is composed of the very best men, (we speak for eleven of them, of course,) that could possibly have been selected on the line of the road. All of them are men December January possessed of good sound practical sense and of undoubted moral integrity. Most March of them are men of wealth, and are large April May stockholders. With such men, in addi- June tion to the efficient agents appointed in every county, and a sufficient amount of money in the treasury to meet every contingency, what may we not expect? Why, that the road will be built-and Statement of the Number of Passengers transported from 1st December, 1851, to 1st December, 1852, on the Central Rail-road of Georgia. Months February July Total....8,630....6,747.... 22,530.... 21,929 August.. Rail-Roads of Georgia and Mississippi. Statement of the Number of Bales of Cotton transported on the Central Rail-road of Georgia, from 1st December, 1851, to 1st December, 1852. MONTHS. December January February. March. April 173 Then the sur River, in Elbert county. face of Georgia will present a grand cross of iron way, reaching from the THROUGH. WAY. TOTAL. northwest corner of the state to Savan27,299.... 8,706.... 36,005 nah, in the southeastern divisions, and 24,654. 8,701... 33,355 29,499.... 7,503. 37,002 from Mount Vernon, the southwest cor24,827. 2,909... 27,736 ner, to Elbert county, in the northeastern 15,321.... 1,119.... 16,440 division-Macon being the central point. 188. 3,886 How much money will it require to do 2,700 this great thing? Not more than one million and a half of dollars. 7,805.. 3,698.. 827.... 8,632 56... June. July. 2,644. August 1,815.. 137. 1,952 4,198 25,918 Under the new administration of the Western Rail-road of Georgia, running . 182,320... . . .48,890. ... 231,210 into the State of Tennessee, the net 27,954 82.... 38,918 70. 31,398 55.... 31,242 37 Statement of the Earnings of the Road for the year just closed, compared with the previous one. 1852 Up through freight....$247,134 16....$249,933 do. Up through passage... United States Mail.... Total earnings...... 748,207 86.... 39,433 00.... Bales cotton through.. $111,433 00.... 1851 Remarking ... ... do. upon this, the Republican continues : way..... Savannah profits have run up in eight months to $141,533 59. The road is being heavily ironed with T rails, and only fourteen miles remain to be re-ironed in this manner. New warehouses, depots, etc., are being constructed at Atlanta, Marietta, Chattanooga, Kingston, Calhoun, and Dalton. The people of Mississippi are pressing their great Central Road, which is to extend from Canton, Miss., on the line of the New-Orleans and Nashville road to Jackson, Tennessee, there connecting with the Mobile and Ohio road, etc. The length of road in Mississippi will be 180 miles, a portion of which will be put under contract in April or May; and one million and a half of dollars have been subscribed in Mississippi to the work. The road runs through or near some of the richest counties in the state: Marshall, Lafayette, Yallabusha, Carroll, Holmes, Yazoo, Madison, Tippah, Pontotoc, Chickasaw, Choctaw, De Soto, Panola, Sun Flower, Tallahatchie, Washington, Issaquina, Leake, and Attala. The cost per mile is estimated as low as $12,500, total $2,250,000. On the subject of the proposed road from Savannah to Pensacola, Mr. Hodgson, of the former city, has prepared an interesting paper: We have but just entered upon the fruition of the blessings which our system of rail-roads have produced. In the The route from New-York to Newcourse of a little over a year there will Orleans or California, through Savannah, be added to the present miles of traveled has striking advantages over any other rail-way in Georgia, 137 miles. This line, by sea or land, in time or distance. The following tabular statement will exhibit a comparison of these routes: addition will connect Savannah through the locomotive engine with Columbus, West Point, Americus, Eatonton, Washington, and Augusta, in addition to our present connections. The crowning work is yet to come. Let the southwestern road be extended to the junction of the Flint and Chattahoochee, and let the Wilkes county road be extended to Savannah The route by sea, doubling Cape Florida, presents the following table: 1.--IN DISTANCE OR GEOGRAPHICAL MILES. From New-York to Tehuantepec Isthmus to San Francisco. 2,300 miles. 66 130 .2,300 4,730 2. IN TIME. ..192 hours. 6 66 From New-York to Tehuantepec. Isthmus to San Francisco 192 390 This comparison of the two routes by Savannah and Cape Florida, shows a difference in favor of the former in time, of 53 hours, or 24 days; in dis tance, of 390 miles. But the advantages of the Savannah and Pensacola route are most strikingly exhibited in a line from New-York to New-Orleans. DISTANCE. New-York to New-Orleans, by sea vannah.... Difference From New-York to New Orleans, by sea Difference It would be temerity to limit the power of science and mechanic art. But, at this day, the utmost capacity of steamships is three hundred miles a day. Hence the voyage from NewYork cannot be made less than six, and generally in seven days. So stands, for this generation, the preeminence of the Pensacola route. The future has possibilities for another race of men. Savannah, Columbus, Vicksburg, Paso del Norte and San Diego, may be their line of march. St. Louis, Independence, Utah and San Francisco, may be their central road. And, finally, on the parallel of "54° 40' or fight," they may reach the Pacific by a line of rail, on spheroids, not greatly longer than that now open from Savannah to Nashville. From the address of the Florence Rail-road Convention, we learn that ..1,760 miles. the valuation of property and amount of population on that part of the New-Orleans and Nashville Rail-road north of Jackson, Miss., is as follows (1850): -Population. Total Popula Lawrence 8,135 1,185. 29,520. 9,320. 9,430...... 25,949. Real Personal 3,512,262. 7,377.561.... 54 Exports of Tobacco-Virginia and Maryland Inspections. 175 ART. X.-AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND PROGRESS. TOBACCO TRADE OF VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND THE WEST-RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NEGROES-CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN TRINIDAD-GRASSES FOR THE SOUTH-STRAWBER RY CULTURE. IN volume iii. of "Industrial Resources" substituted by western tobacco, while will be found full statistics of the To- the great mass of the crop of Virginia bacco Trade of America and the world. and North Carolina is manufactured at Those for Virginia, Baltimore, New- home. Orleans and New-York are now given in detail, which will complete the subject in every respect. We are indebted for them to a report to the Virginia State Agricultural Society, by Mr. Mordecai. Years. VIRGINIA. Inspected. Leaf and Stock The inspections of Virginia embrace the crop of North Carolina, which is nearly all brought to our markets. there is probably equal to 7,000 or 8,000 In addition to the quantity inspected, hhds. manufactured from loose tobacco. Of this a large quantity is brought to our -Foreign Export.- Manufactured markets during the winter and spring, and shipped Hhds. strips. Stems. coast wise 1st Oct. and 35,000 to 40,000 boxes, made chiefly 1841...56,146...34,445...6,074....22,010 8,719 from uninspected tobacco, are sent from 1842...52,156...32,765...3,245.. .18,120 ...11,100 the Roanoke country to Petersburg for 1843...56,788...36,236...2,000....18.880 .. 13,420 1844...45,883..20,496...2,687....24,449 ..14,363 shipment to northern markets, besides a 1845...51,126...17,471...2,182.. 24,890 ...21,873 large number of boxes sent from the 1847...51,726...16,560...5,488. .36,149* .18,127 same quarter by wagons to the southern 1848...36,725...13,256...4,030.. .24.954 ...15,979 and western interior, to supply retail 1849...44.904...19,643...3,430. .27,720 ..11,500 dealers. 1846...42,679...21,200...3,220....24,537 ...19,110 1850...41,950...10,560...4,501. 28.276 ...14,450 1851...32,598... 3,953...3,850....28,953 .14,353 1852...51,806...13,771...5,019....38,853 ...13,535 The proportions inspected at the sev eral markets for the last four years are as follows: 1849. 1850. .27,085. .25,013. Richmond....18,803....17,086....15,678... 24,119 EXPORTS OF TOBACCO FROM BALTIMORE. Years. Bremen. 32,598 51,806 1848 ..12,787. 1847..22,967.... 7,819....11,388....9,413....1,895 7.910.... 3,103....4,959.. 131 .13,783.. 8,725. .9,562. .1,033 1850..15,864. 7,814. 5,973....8,177. 6,540 1851..12,654.... 9,694.... 4,154. .2,327. .5,292 The foreign export was thus distribu- 1849 18,821 ted in same years: Great Britain.. 9,667.... 4,992....1,908.... 5,416 Av'rge.16,018.... 9,404.... 6,668....6,857....2,978 Do. for orders.. population in the United States, and paid by the manufacturers for peculiar there is an annually increasing demand qualities of tobacco far exceed those for it in the British possessions in obtained for the article in any other America, Australia and elsewhere.- market. While an exporter cannot afford Practice makes our manufacturers per- to pay more than 6 to 10 cents per pound fect in the preparation of it, which is no for good to fine leaf, a manufacturer will simple operation. An immense quantity pay 15, 20, 25 and even 30 to 50 cents of licorice is used in the manufacture, for such as best suits his purpose, but the and no small quantity of loaf-sugar, great mass of "twists" and "lumps" is spices and essences. The several pro- made from the cheaper and medium cesses require a variety of machines and sorts. considerable manipulation. The prices letters on the cask in four places. The purchaser pays no attention to this, but frequently pays more for "refused” than for "passed," and the term "too high," which is not understood elsewhere, may frequently apply rather to the price than to the quality. All that is now necessary is that the inspectors should be required to receive and book, to sample, to throw off wet or damaged tobacco, to cooper up, weigh, issue a receipt specifying marks, number and weight, and to deliver on demand. But among the wise provisions of our inspection law, is one that requires the word "Western" to be marked on casks brought from that region. This is intended as a stigma, that it may not be mistaken for and degrade Virginia tobacco. We are constantly talking about extending canals and rail-roads to the Ohio and Mississippi, and in advance we pass a law to stigmatize the commodity which we wish to attract to our market. Jealousy of merchants, so long characteristic of Virginians, and an inordinate disposition to favor and protect the planter, have influenced the legislation of this state at all times. The act imposing taxes for 1852-3, may be referred to in illustration. The following rules for the instruction of overseers, and the Management of Negroes, are by Mr. St. Geo. Cocke, one of the wealthiest and most intelligent planters of the Old Dominion. They |